北宋张激《白莲社图》艺术风格探析

随着外来文化与中国文化日益密切的交流,佛教思想也对中国的儒家、道教等文化产生影响。儒释道三教思想相互交流后在中国不断传承,对中国传统文化发展起到了重要的作用。在绘画方面,由于绘画题材越来越丰富,体现三教合流的绘画随之兴起,其中以“莲社”为题材的绘画传播更为广泛,北宋张激所绘《白莲社图》就是其中的重要代表。本文通过研究北宋张激所画《白莲社图》的社会背景、画面内容、艺术技法等,从艺术风格角度对其进行探析,探讨这一主题的时代意义。

Caffeine Crystallization Induction Time Measurements Using Laser Scattering Technique and Correlation to Surface Tension in Water and Ethanol

Caffeine nucleation induction times were measured at 30 °C and 40 °C in water and ethanol solvents employing laser light absorption technique. Supersaturation concentrations and liquid/solid phase surface tensions were calculated from crystallization induction times using classic homogeneous nucleation theory. Induction time and surface tension decreased at higher temperature.

Phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein is localized on mitotic spindles of the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901

AIM： To elucidate the localization of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein （VASP）, a cytoskeletal organizing protein and a substrate of protein kinases A and G in mitotic gastric cancer cells. METHODS： Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to observe the localization of α-tubulin, VASP and Ser157 phosphorylated VASP （p-VASP） in interphase of mitotic gastric cancer of the cell line SGC-7901. RESULTS： Immunofluorescence staining showed that p-VASP but not VASP was co-localized with α-tubulin on spindle poles and fibers in prophase, metaphase and anaphase of the mitotic process of the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. H89, an inhibitor of protein kinases A and G, had no effect on the localization of p-VASP on the spindles. CONCLUSION： VASP may play a role in assembling and stabilizing the mitotic spindle of cells, and phosphorylation of the protein is the precondition for it to exert this function.

Conventional operation and laser therapy in the treatment of varicose veins

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of endovenous laser therapy and conventional thera- py on the varicose of great saphenous vein.Methods:Thirty-two patients received endovenous laser thera- py and 32 patients were operated by conventional therapy(high ligation and stripping).The observation results of great saphenous vein(GSV)were recorded by clinical evaluation and duplex ultrasound examina- tion.And the operating time,intraoperative blood loss,time to become moveable,duration of hospitaliza- tion and degree of feeling pain were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with conven- tional therapy,laser therapy had good curative effect with less complications and no scars and no pains. There were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion:Laser therapy for varicose of great saphenous vein is better than the conventional therapy.It deserves to be widely used in clinical treatment.

Suppression of angiotensin Ⅱ stimulated responses in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells of experimental cirrhotic rats

Functional responses to angiotensin Ⅱ (AT-Ⅱ) were determined in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from experimental cirrhotic rats. Our data showed that AT-Ⅱ-stimulated extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), which was measured by Cytosensor microphysiometry, was significantly reduced in the aortic VSMCs from the cirrhotic rats as compared to those from the control animals. The ability of AT-Ⅱ to promote formation of inositol phosphates, the second messenger produced by the activation of Gq-coupled receptors, was also considerably suppressed in the cirrhotic VSMCs. Furthermore, the maximal p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation stimulated by AT-Ⅱ was significantly reduced in the cirrhotic VSMCs in contrast to that in the normal VSMCs. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrated that the functional responses to AT-Ⅱ was severely suppressed in aortic VSMCs in cirrhosis, indicating the impairment of general Gq-coupled receptor signaling and subsequent biological function in the cirrhotic VSMCs.

Cooperative Learning Makes Extensive Reading More Enjoyable

In the field of L2 （second language） reading, scholars generally agree that ER （extensive reading） improves L2 learners＇ reading speed and comprehension and enriches their L2 vocabulary （Grabe ＆ Stoller, 1997）. This teacher-inquiry type of paper presents a practical suggestion for supplementing ER activity with the element of CL （cooperative learning）. ER, theoretically speaking, focuses on the solitary task of silent reading. The CL technique used in this study was a book-talk activity. Forty-five freshmen from a course of children and young adult literatures were required to read at least 20 English books throughout a semester. CL was added to facilitate students＇ ER in young adult literature. After a semester, short-answer questions were asked regarding students＇ comments on ER as well as CL. Students overall agreed that when ER is supplemented with CL, reading in an L2 seems to be less intimidating.

Angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor modulation of L-type calcium currents in guinea-pig ventricular cells

Objective To study the cellular mechanism of the effect of Ang Ⅱ on ICa,L in single guinea-pig ventricular cells by using losartan and 1-(5-Isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-Methyl-Piperazine (H-7) as the Ang Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1) inhibitor and protein kinase C inhibitor, respectively.Methods Patch clamp techniques were used to study the cellular mechanism of the effect of Ang Ⅱ on ICa,L in single guinea-pig ventricular cells.Results In the whole cell patch clamp recording model, Ang Ⅱ stimulated ICa,L in a concentration dependent manner; the maximal effect was obtained at 100?nmol/L (n=9). At 30?nmol/L, Ang Ⅱ stimulated peak ICa,L from 11.3±0.6?pA/pF to 15.3±0.6?pA/pF (at +10?mV, n=9, P<0.05). 100?nmol/L Losartan, a specific AT1 receptor inhibitor, had no effect on ICa,L (n=9), but the effect of Ang Ⅱ on ICa,L was inhibited by 100?nmol/L Losartan. Ang Ⅱ on ICa,L was also inhibited by 20?μmol/L H-7, a specific protein kinase C inhibitor, whereas H-7 alone has no effect on ICa,L (n=9).Conclusion Ang Ⅱ stimulates ICa,L in guinea-pig ventricular cells by binding to AT1 through a transduction pathway involving protein kinase C.

Relaxation oscillations induced by an order gap between exciting frequency and natural frequency

The main purpose of the paper is to display the relaxation oscillations, known as the bursting phenomena, for the coupled oscillators with periodic excitation with an order gap between the exciting frequency and the natural frequency. For the case when the exciting frequency is much smaller than the natural frequency, different types of bursting oscillations such as fold/fold, Hopf/Hopf bursting oscillations can be observed. By regarding the whole exciting term as a slow-varying parameter on the fact that the exciting term changes on a much smaller time scale, bifurcations sets of the generalized autonomous system is derived, which divide the parameter space into several regions associated with different types of dynamical behaviors. Two cases with typical bifurcation patterns are focused on as examples to explore the dynamical evolution with the variation of the amplitude of the external excitation. Bursting oscillations which alternate between quiescent states (QSs) and repetitive spiking states (SPs) can be obtained, the mechanism of which is presented by introducing the transformed phase portraits overlapping with the bifurcation diagrams of the generalized autonomous system. It is found that not only the forms of QSs and SPs, but also the bifurcations at the transition points between QSs and SPs, may influence the structures of bursting attractors. Furthermore, the amplitudes and the frequencies related to SPs may depend on the bifurcation patterns from the quiescent sates.

GABA_(A)(δ)receptor hypofunction in the amygdala-hippocampal circuit underlies stress-induced anxiety

Dysregulated GABAergic inhibition in the amygdala has long been implicated in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.However,the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying the dysregulation remain elusive.Here,by using a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress(CSDS),we observed that the dysregulation varied drastically across individual projection neurons(PNs)in the basolateral amygdala(BLA),one of the kernel amygdala subregions critical for stress coping.While persistently reducing the extrasynaptic GABAAreceptor(GABA_(A)R)-mediated tonic current in the BLA PNs projecting to the ventral hippocampus(BLA→v HPC PNs),CSDS increased the current in those projecting to the anterodorsal bed nucleus of stria terminalis(BLA→adBNST PNs),suggesting projection-based dysregulation of tonic inhibition in BLA PNs by CSDS.Transcriptional and electrophysiological analysis revealed that the opposite CSDS influences were mediated by loss-and gain-of-function ofδ-containing GABA_(A)Rs(GABA_(A)(δ)Rs)in BLA→vHPC and BLA→adBNST PNs,respectively.Importantly,it was the lost inhibition in the former population but not the augmentation in the latter population that correlated with the increased anxiety-like behavior in CSDS mice.Virally mediated maintenance of GABA_(A)(δ)R currents in BLA→vHPC PNs occluded CSDS-induced anxiety-like behavior.These findings clarify the molecular substrate for the dysregulated GABAergic inhibition in amygdala circuits for stress-associated psychopathology.