直角Z形组合双弯管流动特性的研究

多片焊接弯管是火、核电厂循环供水管路系统中应用最多的形变件,最常见的安装形式是两个弯管的0°组合。当弯管间距较小时,会出现上、下游弯管管内流动的相互影响。本研究采用二维激光多普勒测速仪和五孔探针测得4片90°弯管Z形组合在不同弯管间距下水流特征断面上的三维流场、压力分布以及紊动特性的沿程变化等。并以此探求双弯管局部阻力相邻影响的机理。限于篇幅,本文仅对测得的水平直径轴向流速分布以及特征断面上二次流形态进行了分析,指出双弯管间相邻影响系数的变化规律受弯管二次流动、涡流区、弯管进出口流速核大小以及上、下游弯管间流速分布调整程度等4个方面的制约;弯管间过渡直管段的长短是改变局部阻力相邻影响的关键因素。

输流弯管流固耦合振动有限元分析

为了研究流体流经弯管时管道力学性能的变化情况,以流固耦合振动理论为基础,建立输流弯管有限元模型,利用ANSYS Workbench得到流体作用下管道的应力和变形,并分析了不同流体脉动频率对管道振幅的影响。结果表明:当流体流经弯管时,最大等效应力出现在管道入口上端和出口左端,最大变形出现在管道弯曲段;考虑单向流固耦合作用时管道应力与形变分析结果小于考虑双向流固耦合作用时的分析结果;输流弯管的主要振动形式为横向振动;流速一定时,流体的脉动频率与弯管的固有频率越接近,弯管的振幅越大。

基于弯管-流线模型的长杆弹侵彻头部材料流动过程分析

为了研究长杆弹侵彻过程中弹体材料的二维流动特性,基于长杆弹高速侵彻流体动力学模型,结合侵彻过程质量守恒以及弯管-流线模型,发展以撞击速度、参考点角度、参考点半径为控制变量的二维弯管-流线侵彻模型。利用该模型计算分析了钨合金侵彻钢靶过程中弹体头部材料的流动特性,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:长杆弹侵彻过程中弹体头部材料的流动呈非均匀分布特性,外侧流速小于内侧流速,且弹体头部材料压力呈梯度分布。二维弯管-流线模型可用于描述侵彻过程中弹体头部材料的流动行为,解释了弹体在侵彻最终阶段弹体头部由流体主导向固体主导转变的作用过程,揭示了侵彻孔道形状变化与弹体侵彻状态之间的关联机制。

超声波流量计的弯管误差分析及修正研究

针对中小口径超声波流量计的弯管二次流误差问题,运用数值仿真技术,分析了弯管二次流垂直误差与水平误差,由二次流流线规律推导出了二次流误差的计算公式。结合实际的流量计测量范围,设定雷诺数的变化范围为3 000~50 000,定量分析了安装在弯管下游5D、10D、20D位置的流量计在不同雷诺数下的误差规律。提出了＂用压力差来表现二次流强度,最终结合误差规律通过测量压力差来对弯管二次流误差进行修正＂的方法。研究结果表明,在雷诺数29 000之后,10D处的二次流垂直误差超过了5D处的误差,二次流垂直误差和水平误差的最大值分别约为1.2%和0.7%,经过仿真验证结果表明,该修正方法可行。

L型输流弯管自由模态分析

给出了直管在轴向和横向振动的传递矩阵,给出弯曲管道离散模型的节点传递矩阵,推导了在直管与弯管过渡区域的无因次化矩阵。分别计算了末端自由和固定2种边界条件下的输流弯曲管道模态,并与有限元方法计算结果相比较。结果表明,传递矩阵法能有效计算输流管道系统模态,同时流固耦合作用对输流管路模态影响较大,计算时不容忽视。

弯曲管段内流动的大涡模拟

本文应用湍流大涡模拟方法对三维空间的弯管流进行了数值模拟。计算中使用了隐含流线迎风耗散作用的具有三阶部分展开的 Taylor_ Galerkin离散格式 ,导出了经 Gauss滤波后的基本方程组的有限元列式。数值计算结果与实验结果符合较好 。

圆截面U形管流有限元模拟

弯曲圆管内流动具有很强的工业应用背景,管内二次涡的大小、位置及发生的频率会对流动系统的阻力及热质交换产生重大作用,研究弯曲圆管内的流动具有重要的理论意义。本文应用湍流大涡模拟方法对弯道流动进行了数值模拟。用时间推进法,给出了隐含流线迎风耗散作用的二阶完全展开Taylor-Galerkin有限元离散格式,数值计算的结果与实验结果符合较好。表明大涡模拟方法适用于边界形状复杂,存在各向异性的大尺度涡的流动仿真。

轴向旋流器阻力性能分析

分析了轴向旋流器的流动情况，发现其流动与弯管流动极为相似，从而导出了其阻力系数表达式，并作了实验验证。

三维自由射流缩流及扩散的数值研究

由于非定常多相流特性,大气下水自由射流的水力性能相当复杂。本文依据弯管二次流机理确定的最优湍流模型,以六喷嘴冲击式水轮机最末端的喷嘴射流作为研究对象,进行了三维非定常自由射流的数值模拟解析。定量分析了三维自由射流在不同空间方向沿程变化的两相流流态、能量构造及射流形状,为水斗提供了真实的入流条件,确认了最末端喷嘴射流水力效率较差的原因:由于最末端喷管的急剧弯道使得射流产生了大幅度的膨胀扩散。

基于CFD灌溉机井管道液相流场的数值模拟

为改善农用灌溉时差法超声波流量计的测量精确度,利用Fluent软件中的标准k-ε模型对灌溉机井管道液相流场进行三维数值模拟,观察机井管道水平轴截面和竖直轴截面的压力云图以及速度分布图,分析管道内流体的速度分布特性,并在此基础上提出平均流速修正公式,对其进行实验验证.结果表明:受弯管二次流影响,出水管流场紊乱,各截面速度分布差异明显,降低了流量计测量精确度.经修正后流量计测量精确度提升了4.9%.

90°弯管Z形组合局部阻力特性研究

90°弯管的Z形组合是电厂各种管路系统中典型的形变件组合形式,因管路布置空间狭小,故弯管间会产生不同程度的局部阻力相邻影响。采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对两种间距的组合弯管进行数值模拟研究,采用间距为5倍管径的组合弯管试验结果对数学模型参数及方法进行了验证,并据此开展了间距为0的组合弯管数值预报模拟。通过对比分析两种组合弯管轴向流速、横断面二次流及阻力损失沿程变化,结果表明,两种组合弯管在下游弯管中流速分布表现出较大差异,弯管间距为0时下游弯管内水流轴向流速分布更加不均匀、二次流发展更成熟,组合弯管综合局部阻力损失更大。

悬链线管体三维流场数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学开源代码OpenFOAM开展不同雷诺数(100≤Re≤3900)下弯曲管体绕流流场三维数值模拟研究。对比分析不同雷诺数条件下弯曲管体的瞬时和时均流场特征,研究了弯曲管体不同位置处的时均压力系数和旋涡脱落频率。结果表明:当Re=100时,尾流中仅有展向涡存在;当300≤Re≤3900时,流向涡出现且强度逐渐增加,展向涡减弱,随着局部曲率增大,沿弯管展向涡脱强度减小。随着雷诺数的增大,回流区沿流向的延伸尺度减小,但其沿展向的分布范围增大。沿弯管展向随着深度减小,前后驻点时均压力系数的绝对值递减,圆周时均压力系数变化幅度减小。在300≤Re≤3900范围内,管体曲率会对展向涡脱频率产生一定影响。

Effect of flow velocity on corrosion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy at elbow of loop system

A loop system was used to investigate the effect of flow velocity on corrosion behavior of AZ91 D magnesium alloy at an elbow of loop system based on array electrode technology by polarization, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation and surface analysis. The experimental results showed that the corrosion rate increased with increasing flow velocity, and a critical flow velocity could exist in the corrosion of AZ91 D magnesium alloy. When flow velocity exceeded the critical flow velocity, fluid hydrodynamics was dominant in the corrosion of AZ91 D magnesium alloy. On the contrary, the electrochemical factors were dominant.

输流弯管的面内强迫振动分析

针对承受外载荷和内部流体共同作用下两端支承式输流弯管的强迫振动问题,基于修正的不可伸长理论,根据牛顿第二运动定律建立了它的面内强迫振动微分方程,利用拉普拉斯变换法推导得到了相应的格林函数,进而结合叠加原理获得了稳态响应的解析解.主要研究了外部载荷与弯管正切方向的夹角、激振频率以及激振位置对两端支承式输流弯管切向位移稳态响应的影响.发现基于共振原理求解得到的固有频率具有较高的精度;夹角和激振位置的变化引起响应幅值的变化较为复杂;利用本方法可计算响应幅值的局部最大值产生的位置以及该值的大小.研究对设计管路的布局以及后续的可靠性设计均有良好的指导意义和较高的应用价值.

Stress Analysis of Top Tensioned Riser Under Random Waves and Vessel Motions

The bending stresses of top tensioned riser(TTR) under combined excitations of currents,random waves and vessel motions are presented in this paper,and the effect of the internal flowing fluid on the riser stresses is also considered.The computation programs which are used to solve the differential equations in the time domain are compiled and the principal factors of concern including the angular movements at the upper and lower ends of the riser,lateral displacements and bending stresses are presented.Then the effects of current velocity,random wave,top tension,vessel mean offset,low frequency motion and internal flow velocity on the bending stresses of the riser are analyzed in detail.

Pressure Drop of Non-Newtonian Liquid Flow Through Elbows

Experimental data on the pressure drop across different types of elbow for non-Newtonian pseudoplastic liquid flow in laminar condition have been presented. A generalized correlation has been developed for predicting the frictional pressure drop across the elbows in the horizontal plane.

Characteristics of gas explosion flow fields in complex pipelines

The explosion flow field in five straight pipes with different diameters and one bending pipe selected from a domestic coal mine are studied by the method of numerical simulation. And the results show that,both in the straight and bending pipes, the pressure wave and velocity wave are accelerated by the rising of reaction rate. As the explosion progressed, with the temperature reaching approximately 3000 K, only one pressure wave and one reaction rate wave were observed, while several velocity waves were found.The larger diameter presented the highest relative pressure as well as the largest velocity increase and subsequent decrease inside the tube. The bent pipes caused both turbulence and kinetic energy to increase, resulting in the acceleration of the reaction rate. The burning time was 7.4% shorter than the burning time observed for the straight pipe. Based on these results, designing one explosion resistance device, and in the practical engineering applications, it was to be proved to meet the security requirements fully.

Flow-induced Noise and Vibration Analysis of a Piping Elbow with/without a Guide Vane

The effect of a guide vane installed at the elbow on flow-induced noise and vibration is investigated in the range of Reynolds numbers from 1.70×10^5 to 6.81×10^5, and the position of guide vane is determined by publications. The turbulent flow in the piping elbow is simulated with large eddy simulation （LES）. Following this, a hybrid method of combining LES and Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy theory is used to simulate the hydrodynamic noise and sound sources are solved as volume sources in code Actran. In addition, the flow-induced vibration of the piping elbow is investigated based on a fluid-structure interaction （FSI） code. The LES results indicate that the range of vortex zone in the elbow without the guide vane is larger than the case with the guide vane, and the guide vane is effective in reducing flow-induced noise and vibration in the 90° piping elbow at different Reynolds numbers.

Investigation of Hydroabrasion in Slurry Pipeline Elbows and T-junctions

The present study demonstrates the comparison of erosion rate of critical pipeline parts, namely elbow and T-junction which face the maximum erosion in a pipeline and may cause an early damage and failure of the system. CFD （computational fluid dynamics） with an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach coupled with an approved erosion model is applied to visualize the 3-D flow behavior of slurry flow in both parts and to predict the erosion rate and the location of erosion at the internal surfaces. The analysis of slurry erosion is performed in five steps; geometry and grid generation, grid study/refinement, fluid flow solution, solid particles tracking and finally, the erosion calculation. In previous publications in literature considering transportation of gas-solid flows in pipe parts, the application ofT-junctions instead of elbows for specified conditions in order to reduce the erosion is recommended. In this article, it is approved that for liquid-solid flows, the Stokes number is reasonably smaller than the values for gas-solid flows. This causes the solid particles tightly couple to the fluid phase and to travel more closely with the fluid streamlines. The effects of important influencing parameters such as feed flow velocity, solid concentration, particle size and shape are investigated in detail in current work. It was found that for liquid-solid flows, the erosion of T-junction for all of the mentioned influencing parameters, due to its geometrical specifications and Stokes number variation in comparison with gas-solid flows, is reasonably higher than erosion of elbow. Due to these findings, in contrary to the gas-solid mixture flows, application of T-junction instead of elbow for liquid-solid flow transportation is not recommended.

Study on Local Resistance of non-Newtonian Power Law Fluid in Elbow Pipes

This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. By employing nu- merical simulation and theoretical analysis the properties of the flow and local resistance of power law fluid under different working conditions are obtained. To explore the change rule the experiment is carried out by changing the Reynolds number, the wall roughness and differcnt diameter ratio of elbow pipe. The variation of the local resistance coefficient with the Reynolds number, the diameter ratio and the wall roughness is presented comprehensively in the paper. The results show that the local resistance force coefficient hardly changes with Reynolds number of the power law fluid; the wall roughness has a significant impact on the local resistance coefficicnt. As the pipe wall roughness increasing, the coefficient of local resistance force will increase. The main reason of the influence of the roughness on the local resistance coefficient is the increase of the eddy current region in the power law fluid flow, which increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the main flow. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the local resistance property of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes.