Although pressure cells have been produced and installed successfully for decades,the accuracy of measured pressure is often inadequate.Due to large differences between the stiffness of pressure cells and the surround...Although pressure cells have been produced and installed successfully for decades,the accuracy of measured pressure is often inadequate.Due to large differences between the stiffness of pressure cells and the surrounding media,there is a considerable difference between applied pressure and that measured from pressure cells.It is often difficult and expensive to make a pressure cell with stiffness（modulus of elasticity） similar to the surrounding material in which it will be embedded.In order to improve this situation,a casing material with proportional dimensions is recommended as a means to obtain reliable results.In our study,the effect of using casing in the installation of pressure cells is investigated,providing the characteristics of casing.Some practical recommendations are presented to improve the accuracy of the results using casing.展开更多
This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptat...This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.展开更多
现代战争逐渐呈现新型武器快速发展、生物致伤因素多样化、武器毁伤效应倍增等特点,伤员逐渐有损伤范围广、伤情复杂、伤势严重等趋势。从多次战争的救援结果来看,损害控制复苏(damage control resuscitation,DCR)理念的重要性越发地凸...现代战争逐渐呈现新型武器快速发展、生物致伤因素多样化、武器毁伤效应倍增等特点,伤员逐渐有损伤范围广、伤情复杂、伤势严重等趋势。从多次战争的救援结果来看,损害控制复苏(damage control resuscitation,DCR)理念的重要性越发地凸显。近年来,特别是在伊拉克和阿富汗战争中,战时DCR的理念和方法不断更新,本文就现代战争中DCR的主要进展做一综述,并展望其在我军的应用前景。展开更多
A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trappe...A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead. When their stable combination is confirmed, the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage. A tether is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane. The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system. The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions. When the contact area is small, the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4 pN (10-12 N), while the tether is much thicker un-der a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14 pN. It is presumed that the latter is related to the defor-mation of cytoskeleton.展开更多
文摘Although pressure cells have been produced and installed successfully for decades,the accuracy of measured pressure is often inadequate.Due to large differences between the stiffness of pressure cells and the surrounding media,there is a considerable difference between applied pressure and that measured from pressure cells.It is often difficult and expensive to make a pressure cell with stiffness（modulus of elasticity） similar to the surrounding material in which it will be embedded.In order to improve this situation,a casing material with proportional dimensions is recommended as a means to obtain reliable results.In our study,the effect of using casing in the installation of pressure cells is investigated,providing the characteristics of casing.Some practical recommendations are presented to improve the accuracy of the results using casing.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571152,41201160,41601124,41201159,71541021)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSZD-EW-Z-021)the Key Consulting Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y02015005)
文摘This paper develops a conceptual model and an indicator system for measuring economic resilience of resource-based cities based on the theory of evolutionary resilience and the related concepts of persistence, adaptation, and transformation. Nineteen resource-based cities in Northeast China were analyzed using the indicator system. The results showed that Liaoning and Jilin provinces had higher economic resilience than Heilongjiang Province. Panjin, Benxi, and Anshan in Liaoning Province were the top three cities, while Shuangyashan and other coal-based cities in Heilongjiang Province ranked last. Metals-and petroleum-based cities had significantly higher resilience than coal-based cities. The differences in persistence, adaptability, transformation, and resilience among resource-based cities decreased since the introduction of the Northeast Revitalization Strategy in 2003. Forestry-based cities improved the most in terms of resilience, followed by metals-based and multiple-resource cities; however, resilience dropped for coal-based cities, and petroleum-based cities falling the most. The findings illustrate the importance and the way to develop a differentiated approach to improve resilience among resource-based cities.
文摘现代战争逐渐呈现新型武器快速发展、生物致伤因素多样化、武器毁伤效应倍增等特点,伤员逐渐有损伤范围广、伤情复杂、伤势严重等趋势。从多次战争的救援结果来看,损害控制复苏(damage control resuscitation,DCR)理念的重要性越发地凸显。近年来,特别是在伊拉克和阿富汗战争中,战时DCR的理念和方法不断更新,本文就现代战争中DCR的主要进展做一综述,并展望其在我军的应用前景。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 1989380 and 10174097)
文摘A 1-mm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers which is formed by a focused laser beam (740 nm). A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead. When their stable combination is confirmed, the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage. A tether is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane. The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system. The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions. When the contact area is small, the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4 pN (10-12 N), while the tether is much thicker un-der a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14 pN. It is presumed that the latter is related to the defor-mation of cytoskeleton.
