软土初始应力各向异性弹塑性模型

自然土体处于初始应力状态,其强度和应力-应变关系都呈现出各向异性,而以往广泛使用的剑桥模型是建立在重塑土试验结果的基础上的,因此,计算实际问题时有一定缺陷。在总结了一些在修正剑桥模型基础上进行扩展而得到的各向异性模型,尤其是 S-CLAY1 模型。然后,假定了初始屈服面的倾角为 K0线,这样使 S-CLAY1 的计算更加简单。此外,还编制了相关程序,进行了比较计算。结果表明,该模型简单合理,参数正确,可以在实际工程中应用。

基于弹塑性模型的群桩-土-结构动力非线性数值分析

提出一种群桩-土弹塑性模型,结合动力文克尔理论,推导出了与桩(筏)-土属性及SSI体系频率相关的各项弹簧-阻尼单元动力阻抗,建立了三维框架土-结构相互作用有限元简化分析模型。针对不同地震激励,在不同桩-土条件下对模型进行了动力非线性时程分析,结果表明,在某些地震动和土-基础条件下,上部结构非线性作用效应结果可能大于固基假定情形,且桩-土弹塑性模型对上部结构柔弱层位置产生影响。应用本文简化方法可以快速、较准确有效地进行复杂的上下部结构动力时程分析及抗震评估。

竖向受荷横截面异形桩弹塑性变分解

现有计算理论无法严格考虑弹塑性土中竖向受荷横截面异形桩的异形效应。针对该问题,基于虚功原理推导出桩-弹塑性土模型的控制方程,采用保角变换技术克服了复杂边界条件控制方程求解问题,结合双曲形D-P本构模型的本构积分算法获得弹塑性土中竖向受荷横截面异形桩的半解析算法,建立了能够考虑横截面异形效应的竖向受荷横截面异形桩荷载传递理论模型。将理论模型的预测结果与有限元计算结果对比,验证了理论模型的可靠性和计算的高效性。最后,通过参数分析探讨了横截面异形效应对荷载沉降曲线的影响,结果表明:在正常工作荷载下,横截面异形效应对桩顶沉降影响不大;横截面异形效应主要对桩的极限承载力大小产生影响。

基于弹塑性简化模型的摩擦桩单桩沉降分析

在分析摩擦桩桩身荷载传递规律和桩侧摩阻力的分布的基础上,根据桩土之间是否滑动,把整个桩土界面划分为弹性区和塑性区,建立了弹塑性桩土简化模型,并给出了桩侧摩阻力的计算公式。采用Mindlin解计算侧摩阻力在土层中产生的附加应力和沉降,根据桩体平衡条件和在无摩阻力区桩土位移没有相对滑动趋势条件,推导出计算单桩沉降公式。计算结果表明,相对传统的弹性解,该方法具有更高的精度。

Elastic-plastic study on high building with SRC transferring story

A new type of transferring structure for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams is used in high building. The pushover analysis method was used to study the failure mechanism and ductility of SRC transferring structure through consulting pseudo-static test results for the structure. And, the occurrence order and position of the plastic hinge, the weak story and seismic capacity of high building with SRC transferring story were also studied through consulting shaking table test results for the high building, showing that the seismic behavior of high building with SRC transferring story is good.

Uniqueness of rate-dependency, creep and stress relaxation behaviors for soft clays

This work focuses on the uniqueness of rate-dependency, creep and stress relaxation behaviors for soft clays under one-dimensional condition. An elasto-viscoplastic model is briefly introduced based on the rate-dependency of preconsolidation pressure. By comparing the rate-dependency formulation with the creep based formulation, the relationship between rate-dependency and creep behaviors is firstly described. The rate-dependency based formulation is then extended to derive an analytical solution for the stress relaxation behavior with defining a stress relaxation coefficient. Based on this, the relationship between the rate-dependency coefficient and the stress relaxation coefficient is derived. Therefore, the uniqueness between behaviors of rate-dependency, creep and stress relaxation with their key parameters is obtained. The uniqueness is finally validated by comparing the simulated rate-dependency of preconsolidation pressure, the estimated values of secondary compression coefficient and simulations of stress relaxation tests with test results on both reconstituted Illite and Berthierville clay.

Stability analysis of slope in strain-softening soils using local arc-length solution scheme

Soils with strain-softening behavior — manifesting as a reduction of strength with increasing plastic strain — are commonly found in the natural environment. For slopes in these soils,a progressive failure mechanism can occur due to a reduction of strength with increasing strain. Finite element method based numerical approaches have been widely performed for simulating such failure mechanism,owning to their ability for tracing the formation and development of the localized shear strain. However,the reliability of the currently used approaches are often affected by poor convergence or significant mesh-dependency,and their applicability is limited by the use of complicated soil models. This paper aims to overcome these limitations by developing a finite element approach using a local arc-length controlled iterative algorithm as the solution strategy. In the proposed finite element approach,the soils are simulated with an elastoplastic constitutive model in conjunction with the Mohr-Coulomb yield function. The strain-softening behavior is represented by a piece-wise linearrelationship between the Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters and the deviatoric plastic strain. To assess the reliability of the proposed finite element approach,comparisons of the numerical solutions obtained by different finite element methods and meshes with various qualities are presented. Moreover,a landslide triggered by excavation in a real expressway construction project is analyzed by the presented finite element approach to demonstrate its applicability for practical engineering problems.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE BASED ON TWO SURFACE ELASTOPLASTIC MODEL

This paper presents finite element formulas based on two Surface elastoplastic yielding model. The study also discusses the numerical procedures and develops the corresponding software. These formulas have provided accurate elastoplastic method for analysing concrete, rock and soil like materials.

Model Test and Numerical Analysis on Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Stepped Reinforced Retaining Wall

Model tests and numerical analyses of stepped reinforced retaining wall were performed to investigate the effects of rheology of backfill and creep of geogrids on the long-term performance of the structure.The geogrid tensions,soil pressures,wall deformations and foundation pressure were measured during model construction and loading.A visco-elasto-plastic model and an empirical nonlinear visco-elastic model were utilized to simulate the stresses and deformations of geogrid-reinforced earth-retaining wall under long-term loads.By comparing test data with numerical results,it is shown that the foundation pressure distribution is nonlinear,and the lateral constraint of geogrids for backfill can cause a redistribution of foundation pressure.The curve of soil pressure is outside convex at each step initially,and it is close to the distribution for the case of vertical wall subsequently.The variation trend of geogrid tensions at different heights is obtained.Moreover,the failure mechanism and development mode of potential slip surface in retaining wall are proposed.

Study of elastic-plastic damage model of cement consolidated soil with high organic content

On the basis of elastic-plastic damage model of cement consolidated soil,the authors took organic contents into reasonable damage variable evolution equation in order to seek relation between the organic contents and parameters in the equation,and established the elastic-plastic damage model of cement consolidated soil considering organic contents.The results show that the parameters change correspondingly with difference of the organic contents.The higher the organic contents are,the less the valves of the parameters such as elastic modulus(E),material parameters(K,n) and damage evolution parameter(ε) become,but the larger strain damage threshold value(εd) of the sample is.Meanwhile,the calculation results obtained from established model are compared with the test data in the condition of common indoors test,which is testified with reliability.

An elastic-viscous-plastic model for overconsolidated clays

The influences of time on clays are discussed first,and the concept of the instant normal compression line is proposed by analyzing the existing theories and experimental results.Based on the creep law,the relationship between the aging time and the overconsolidation parameter is built.With the reloading equation of the UH model(unified hardening model for overconsolidated clays) used to calculate the instant compression deformation,a one-dimensional stress-strain-time relationship is proposed.Furthermore,the evolution of this relationship is analyzed,and the characteristic rate that is a function of the overconsolidation parameter is defined.Then a three-dimensional elastic-viscous-plastic constitutive model is suggested by incorporating equivalent time into the current yield function of the UH model.The new model can describe not only creep,rate effect and other viscous phenomena,but also shear dilatancy,strain softening and other behaviors of overconsolidated clays.Besides,compared with the modified Cam-clay model it requires only one additional parameter(the coefficient of secondary compression) to consider the creep law.Finally,because the proposed model can be changed into the UH model under instantaneous loading,the elastic-plastic and elastic-viscous-plastic frameworks are unified.

A nonlinear multi-field coupled model for soils

A nonlinear multi-field coupled model for multi-constituent three-phase soils is derived by using the hybrid mixture theory. The balance equations with three levels (constituents, phases and the whole mixture soil) are set up under the assumption that soil is composed of multi-constituent elastic-plastic solid skeleton (which is different from the linearization method) and viscous liquid and ideal gas. With reasonable constitutive assumptions in such restrictive conditions as the principles of determinism, equipresence, material frame-indifference and the compatible principle in continuum mechanics, a theoretical framework of constitutive relations modeling three-phase soil in both non-equilibrium and equilibrium states is established, thus the closed field equations are formed. In the theoretical framework, the concept of effective generalized thermodynamic forces is introduced, and the nonlinear coupling constitutive relations between generalized dissipation forces and generalized flows within the system at nonequilibrium state are also presented. On such a basis, four special coupling relations, i.e., solid thermal elastic-plastic constitutive relation, liquid visco-elastic-plastic constitutive relation, the generalized Fourier’s law, and the generalized Darcy’s law are put forward. The generalized or nonlinear results mentioned above can degenerate into the linear coupling results given by Bennethum and Singh. Based on a specific dissipation function, the concrete form of generalized Darcy’s law is deduced, which may degenerate into the traditional form of Darcy’s law by neglecting the influence of skeleton deformation and temperature. Without considering temperature and other coupling effects, the nonlinear coupled model in this paper can degenerate into a soil elastic-plastic constitutive model.

Construction of homogeneous loading functions for elastoplastic damage models for concrete

Over the past 2 decades,tight restriction has been imposed on strength criteria of concrete by the combination of plasticity and damage in one theory.The present study aims at constructing plastic/damage loading functions for elastoplastic damage models for concrete that can perform more satisfactorily in 3D stress states.Numerous strength criteria of concrete are reorganized according to their simplest representations as Cartesian,cylindrical,mixed cylindrical-Cartesian,and other forms,and the homogeneity of loading functions discussed.It is found that under certain supplementary conditions from physical meanings,an unambiguous definition of the cohesion in a strength criterion,which is demanded in an elastoplastic damage model,is usually available in an explicit or implicit form,and in each case the loading function is still homogeneous.To apply and validate the presented theory,we construct the respective homogeneous damage and plastic loading functions and implant them into some widely used elastoplastic damage models for concrete,and their performances in triaxial compression prove to have improved significantly.

Elastoplastic damage model for concrete based on consistent free energy potential

The aim of this study is to formulate an appropriate free energy potential for inelastic behavior of concrete and construct an elastoplastic damage model on a more rational basis. The concept of effective plastic energy storage rates is proposed, which are conjugate forces of hardening variables in an undamaged configuration. Then an analogy between the evolution of harden- ing variables and that of a plastic strain is used to postulate the formulation of plastic free energy. This formulation reflects the specific characteristics of a certain plasticity model, so it can serve well as a thermodynamic link between plasticity and dam- age. By combination of the general formulation of free energy with the double hardening plasticity theory and two-parameter damage expression, a thermodynamically well-founded elastoplastic damage model for concrete is constructed. The operator split algorithm is emploved, and the numerical simulations a^ree well with a series of material tests.