栽培大豆中黄13响应强光的转录组分析

大豆是我国重要的粮油兼用型农作物,正常生长周期为150 d左右,长达5个月的生命周期使得品种选育工作时间跨度较长,优良品种更新迭代缓慢。对在正常光照[200μmol/(m 2·s)]和强光[1000μmol/(m 2·s)]下生长的中黄13进行表型观测及转录组测序分析,结果发现,强光处理的大豆植株相比对照组表现为株高变矮、植株提前23 d开花,76 d成熟,且2组产量无显著差异。通过转录组分析共得到8520个差异表达基因,GO注释分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要富集在叶绿体、类囊体中的光合作用系统、脱氢酶及氧化还原酶活性等植物光保护系统中;KEGG分析结果显示,差异表达基因主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、能量代谢、激素信号传导、环境适应相关通路中。挑选可能参与缩短生命周期的关键差异表达基因进行qRT-PCR验证,匹配率为90%,证明转录组分析结果具有可靠性,揭示植物在强光条件下可能通过光信号、激素信号等通路引起代谢速率的加快,促使大豆提前完成其生命周期而不影响种子收获。结果可为进一步阐明大豆强光适应性及强光调控大豆生长发育的分子机制提供新见解。

小麦和大豆叶片荧光参数对强光响应的差异

自然条件下高等植物的上层叶片经常受到强光的胁迫,尤其在晴天中午,光照强度远远超过叶片光合作用的饱和光强.为避免其光合器官被破坏,植物在漫长的进化过程中形成了一系列的保护机制,如改变叶片角度以减少所接受的光能,依赖叶黄素循环、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心失活和PSⅡ循环电子传递的热耗散等.近年来,人们对于依赖叶黄素循环耗散掉过多激发能的保护机制研究得较多、较深入.但是,这种保护机制是否在所有植物中都能够发挥主要的作用呢?我们通过比较小麦和大豆叶片荧光参数对强光响应的异同,对这个问题进行了探讨.

干旱区不同谷子品种叶片光合特性对光强的响应

以本地品种小红毛、常规品种陇谷11号、晋谷29号和杂交品种张杂谷5号、华大3号为供试材料,在宁夏同心县旱作田比较孕穗期和灌浆中期不同谷子品种叶片光强-光合响应曲线及光合参数的变化特点。结果表明:在孕穗期,不同谷子品种的表观量子效率在0.044～0.079μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)之间,光补偿点的变化范围在14.11～50.59μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)之间;最大光合速率的变化范围为38.53～50.01μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),暗呼吸速率变化范围为2.16～5.28μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。本地品种小红毛在孕穗期的表观量子效率高(0.079μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),利用低光强的能力较强,而常规品种和杂交品种的最大光合速率较高(陇谷11号和晋谷29号分别为38.53、47.53μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、张杂谷5号和华大3号分别为44.06、50.01μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),利用强光的能力强,且杂交品种大于常规品种。常规品种和杂交品种的光合能力强,可为谷子获得高产奠定基础。

Study on Dynamic Response of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Float for Light Seaplane

The marine area of Japan, including territorial waters and the exclusive economic zone, is the sixth largest in the world at about 4,470,000 km2. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to establish appropriate means of transportation other than ships in order to utilize the area efficiently. In this respect, ultra-light seaplanes are attracting attention from the viewpoint of protecting the natural environment. Accordingly, JRPS （Japan Reinforced Plastics Society） is currently developing FRP （fiber-reinforced plastic） floats for such planes. In this study, we conducted simulations of seaplane behavior during alighting by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, which is one of the functions in the PAM-CRASH solver, and we present the observed trend in the vertical acceleration of the floats as a first step toward deriving the impact force from analytical data.

Full-temperature covered switching material with triple optic-dielectric states in a lead-free hybrid perovskite

Optic-electric responsive materials have attracted much attention for their applications in temperaturesensing,actuators,and memory switches.However,it is a challenge to integrate various functions to form multifunctional responsive materials.As molecule-based hybrid materials usually consist of organic and inorganic components,the introduction of multiple functions can be achieved through structural construction.Thus far,even though fulltemperature cover is required for device applications,fulltemperature covered multi-switchable hybrid materials have rarely been successfully synthesized.Herein,the dynamic[(CH3)3NOH]+cation and luminous center Mn(II)were introduced to form a hybrid material[(CH3)3NOH][Mn Cl3],showing multiple temperature-responsive behaviors.Upon temperature change,it exhibits multi-state dielectric switching response and intensity or peak shift response of luminous in full-temperature range(low,room,and high temperatures).These responsive behaviors are triggered by the motion or reorientation of[(CH3)3NOH]+cations and inorganic framework.Overall,the switchable photoelectric material has potential applications in multiple encrypted storage and sensor devices.

All-organic composites with strong photoelectric response over a wide spectral range

2-hydroxynaphthylidene-1′-naphthylamine(HNAN) and –NO_(2) modified HNAN(HNAN-NO_(2)) Schiff base compounds were synthesized and exhibited strong visible light absorption(<650 nm). These compounds were added to poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-Tr FE))ferroelectric polymer, obtaining composites with high photoelectric response under visible and infrared light. It was found that the modification of HNAN by the nitro group and the poling of the composites under a high electric field can greatly enhance the photoelectric response of the composites. The composites can generate high photovoltages of 1386 and352.7 mV under irradiation with near-infrared light(915 nm)and green light(532 nm). The mechanism of the photoelectric response of the composites under green light was explored and it was found that the response originates mainly from the coupling effect of the photothermal effect of the Schiff base and the pyroelectric effect of the ferroelectric polymer. The composites, which can be utilized as photodetector materials,are promising for next-generation artificial retina applications and the sensing capability of retina can be extended in a wide wavelength range from visible to infrared light.

Exfoliation of 2D van der Waals crystals in ultrahigh vacuum for interface engineering

Two-dimensional(2D)materials and their heterostructures have been intensively studied in recent years due to their potential applications in electronic,optoelectronic,and spintronic devices.Nonetheless,the realization of 2D heterostructures with atomically flat and clean interfaces remains challenging,especially for air-sensitive materials,which hinders the in-depth investigation of interface-induced phenomena and the fabrication of high-quality devices.Here,we circumvented this challenge by exfoliating 2D materials in an ultrahigh vacuum.Remarkably,ultraflat and clean substrate surfaces can assist the exfoliation of 2D materials,regardless of the substrate and 2D material,thus providing a universal method for the preparation of heterostructures with ideal interfaces.In addition,we studied the properties of two prototypical systems that cannot be achieved previously,including the electronic structure of monolayer phospherene and optical responses of transition metal dichalcogenides on different metal substrates.Our work paves the way to engineer rich interface-induced phenomena,such as proximity effects and moirésuperlattices.