强分散性地层大位移井钻井液关键技术研究

海外K油田计划从湖岸钻大斜度井及大位移井开发,区域地层胶结疏松、蒙脱石类黏土矿物含量高易水化膨胀,探井井下复杂事故频发,未来开发井钻井面临井壁失稳垮塌、大位移井摩阻扭矩大、“零”排放的环保要求等难题。从地层理化性质分析入手,揭示该区大位移井钻井液主要技术要求,通过理论分析与实验研究相结合形成适合该区强分散性易垮塌地层大位移井钻井的合成基钻井液技术。推荐的合成基钻井液密度1.2~1.4 g/cm^(3),回收率大于90%,高温高压膨胀率低于1.5%,中等-强的抗岩屑污染能力,浸泡后岩石强度比水基钻井液同等条件下高60%,稳定井壁效果好,润滑性能良好,对储层损害小,可重复使用,产生的钻井废弃物量减小59%。该技术是成功实施湖岸大位移井钻井的重要保障,也为实现该油田安全环保经济高效开发奠定了坚实基础。

强肾壮骨分散片制备工艺的初步研究

目的:强肾壮骨处方由骨碎补,淫羊藿,牛膝,牡蛎四位中药组成。本文以此方为模型,探索强肾壮骨分散片的制备方法。方法:以药粉含量50%为前提,为了保证分散片崩解时限3min,联用崩解剂并通过正交试验优化处方。结果:得出分散片最终处方为药物提取物50%,微晶纤维素(MCC)为药粉量20%,淀粉为药粉量20%,交联聚维酮(PVPP)为药粉量10%。结论:采取正交试验优化此制备工艺可行。

一类关联大系统的分散强镇定

研究由子系统通过输入输出通道实现连接的关联大系统的分散强镇定问题。对于静态连接或稳定的动态连接的情形，给出了大系统可以实现分散强镇定的条件，这些条件的检验只在子系统一级进行，具有较低的计算维数。

分散固定阻塞零点与分散强镇定

研究多通道系统的分散强镇定问题．对集中控制系统的阻塞零点概念提出一种推广的定义．在此基础上，对分散控制系统引入了关于通道及系统的分散固定阻塞零点等概念，揭示出分散系统的阻塞零点与反馈结构的关系．利用这种关系。在比已有结论更弱的假定下，给出了可分散强镇定的充分必要条件及相应控制器求解的一般步骤．

Strong Feller Property for SDEs with Super-linear Drift and Hölder Diffusion Coefficients

In this paper,we investigate the strong Feller property of stochastic differential equations(SDEs)with super-linear drift and Hölder diffusion coefficients.By utilizing the Girsanov theorem,coupling method,truncation method and the Yamada-Watanabe approximation technique,we derived the strong Feller property of the solution.

克深4井浅层超高密度钻井液技术

克深4井由于逆断层的存在,钻进中在井深560 m左右出现盐、膏、软泥岩互层,为平衡盐层及软泥岩蠕变,从井深560 m逐渐提高钻井液密度至2.45 g/cm3,以延缓井眼缩径,减轻井下阻卡现象。在降低工程复杂的同时,却由于盐溶形成的"大肚子"井眼、成岩性差的泥岩强分散作用等使高密度钻井液维护处理极其困难,也增加了井漏、卡钻的风险。在室内研究与评价DDM钻井液和UDM-1钻井液体系的基础上,通过增强钻井液的抑制能力,提高体系劣质固相容量限,调节钻井液的流变性,保障封堵防塌能力,实现了该井安全顺利钻进,也为浅层盐、膏、软泥岩地层高密度钻井液技术的应用积累了宝贵经验。

BLOCK SPECTRUM CHARACTERISTICS AND FATIGUE CRACK RANDOM GROWTH

Two parameters,block spectrum intensity Seq and spectrum shape factor a,which describe the characteristics of the loading block spectrum are defined,and the relationship between the parameters and fatigue crack propagation behaviours is investigated.It is shown that the spectrum intensity is an 'average drive force' of fatigue crack propagation,and the variance of fatigue crack size at a given fatigue life is closely related to the spectrum shape factor α.

INTERFERENTIAL MODULATION-RESOLVED IMAGING OF AN ABSORBING OBJECT HIDDEN IN HIGHLY SCATTERING MEDIUM

In this paper an absorbing object hidden in a highly scattering medium is shown to be visibleunder the illumination of a cw coherent light by using interferometry,and a new filtering algorithm thethreshold density filter is used to extract interference pattern from the speckle noise background fast andefficiently. The submillimeter spatial resolution is achieved.

Both transmural dispersion of repolarization and of refractoriness are poor predictors of arrhythmogenicity： a role for iCEB （QT/QRS）？

We read the original article by Nuis, et al. and the reply by Dogan, et al. with great interest. Nuis, et al. examined whether transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） in patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis led to changes in corrected QT dispersion （cQTD）, previously used to predict arrhythmic risk. Dogan, et al. proposed that a different marker, transmural dispersion of repolariza- tion （TDR）, has better accuracy in risk prediction.

Chemical Enhancement on Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering of Au3-1,4-BenzenedithioI-Au3 Junction

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering （SERRS） spectra of the 1,4-benzenedithiol molecule in the junction of two Au3 clusters have been calculated using density functional theory （DFT） and time-dependent DFT method. In order to investigate the contribution of charge transfer （CT） enhancement, the wavelengths of incident light are chosen to be at resonance with four representative excited states, which correspond to CT in four different forms. Compared with SERS spectrum, SERRS spectra are enhanced enormously with distinct enhancement factors, which can be attributed to CT resonance in different forms.

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes reinforced AZ91D composites by ultrasonic processing

Magnesium matrix nanocomposite reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs/AZ91D) was fabricated by mechanical stirring and high intensity ultrasonic dispersion processing.The microstructures and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were investigated.The results show that CNTs are well dispersed in the matrix and combined with the matrix very well.As compared with AZ91D magnesium alloy matrix,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the 1.5%CNTs/AZ91D nanocomposite are improved by 22%,21%and 42%respectively in permanent mold casting.The strength and ductility of the nanocomposite are improved simultaneously.The tensile fracture analysis shows that the damage mechanism of nanocomposite is still brittle fracture.But the CNTs can prevent the local crack propagation to some extent.

Vane Shear Strength Based Stability Analysis of Slopes in Unconsolidated Soft Clay

In-situ vane shear test is frequently performed to determine shear strength for slope stability analysis in Tianjin New Harbor.However,the soil shear strength varies with the shear plane orientation.A possible means to reduce the effect of directional dependency of shear strength is to convert the in-situ vane shear strength into undrained shear strength parameters.A method of converting in-situ vane shear strength into undrained shear strength parameters is presented.The shear strength parameters determined for all of the in-situ vane shear strengths are subjected to statistical regression analysis to take into consideration the possible effect of non-homogeneity in the soft clay deposit.Using the regressed shear strength parameters,slope stability analyses are performed for five existing soil slopes.The results of stability analyses indicate that the safety factors obtained from the converted parameters reflect the state of the slopes analyzed much better than those obtained from in-situ vane shear strength and laboratory consolidated-undrained and unconsolidated-undrained strength parameters.It is concluded that the presented methsod of determining undrained shear strength parameters for in-situ vane shear strength is effective.

Modeling the influence of forced ventilation on the dispersion of droplets ejected from roadheader-mounted external sprayer

In order to reveal the influence of forced ventilation on the dispersion of droplets ejected from roadheader-mounted external sprayer,the paper studies the air-flowing field and the droplet distribution under the condition of gentle breeze and normal forced ventilation in heading face using the particle tracking technology of computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The results show that air-flowing tendency in the same section presents great comparability in the period of gentle breeze and forced ventilation,and the difference mainly embodies in the different wind velocity.The influence of ventilation on the dispersion of droplets is faint under the gentle breeze condition.The droplet can be evenly distributed around the cutting head.However,under the normal forced ventilation,a large number of droplets will drift to the return air side.At the same time,droplet clusters are predominantly presented in the lower part of windward side and the middle of the leeward side around the cutting head.In contrast,the droplet concentration in other parts around cutting head decreases a lot and the droplets are unable to form close-grained mist curtain.So the dust escape channel is formed.In addition,the simulation results also reveal that the disturbance of air flow on the droplet distribution can be effectively relieved when using ventilation duct with Coanda effect(VDCE).Field experiment results show that the dust suppression efficiency of total dust and respirable dust increases respectively by 10.5%and 9.3%when using VDCE,which proves that it can weaken the influence of airflow on droplet dispersion.

Prediction of mass transfer coefficients in an asymmetric rotating disk contactor using effective diffusivity

Mass transfer characteristics have been investigated in a 113 mm diameter asymmetric rotating disk contactor of the pilot plant scale for two different liquid–liquid systems. The effects of operating parameters including rotor speed and continuous and dispersed phase velocities on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients are investigated. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on agitation rate and interfacial tension, but only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In this study, effective diffusivity is used instead of molecular diffusivity in the Grober equation for estimation of dispersed phase overall mass transfer coefficient.The enhancement factor is determined experimentally and there from an empirical expression is derived for prediction of the enhancement factor as a function of Reynolds number. The predicted results compared to the experimental data show that the proposed correlation can efficiently predict the overall mass transfer coefficients in asymmetric rotating disk contactors.

Density Functional Theory Study on Raman Spectra of Rhodamine Molecules in Different Forms

Rhodamine molecules are one of the most used dyes for applications related to Raman spectroscopy. We have systematically studied Raman spectra of Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 123, and Rhodamine B （RhB） molecules using density functional theory. It is found that with BP86 functional the calculated Raman spectra of cationic Rhodamine molecules are in good agreement with corresponding experimental spectra in aqueous solution. It is shown that the involvement of the counter ion, chlorine, and the specific hydrogen bonds has noticeable effects on the Raman spectra of RhB that can partially explain the observed difference between Raman spectra of RhB in solution and on gold surfaces. It also indicates that an accurate description of surface enhanced Raman scattering for Rhodamine molecules on metal surface still requires to take into account the changes induced by the interracial interactions.

Mechanical properties and microscopic failure process of exemplary argillaceous interlayer from east China

The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of selected argillaceous interlayer and their strength characteristics.To study the mineral composition of argillaceous interlayers,8 kinds of samples in the southern Jiangsu region of China were analyzed utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD).The repeated direct shear strength tests(RDST)were carried out on the undisturbed specimens of the argillaceous interlayer.The results show that the argillaceous interlayer with high content of kaolinite shows ductile failure mode,which means that there is no obvious residual strength in the shear process.The arrangement of mineral particles on the shear surface of the specimens after different shear displacements was observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM).It was observed that mineral particles on the shear surface showed a more directional arrangement with the increase of shear displacement.Furthermore,the influence of shear direction on the argillaceous interlayer with completely oriented mineral particles was studied through numerical experiments with four shear strength mechanisms proposition proposed.The influence of the mineral arrangement on the action occasion and magnitude of dilatancy component of shear strength is clarified in the shear mechanism.

Discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of dispersion strengthening in oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) steels

A discrete dislocation plasticity analysis of dispersion strengthening in oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS) steels was described. Parametric dislocation dynamics(PDD) simulation of the interaction between an edge dislocation and randomly distributed spherical dispersoids(Y2O3) in bcc iron was performed for measuring the influence of the dispersoid distribution on the critical resolved shear stress(CRSS). The dispersoid distribution was made using a method mimicking the Ostwald growth mechanism. Then, an edge dislocation was introduced, and was moved under a constant shear stress condition. The CRSS was extracted from the result of dislocation velocity under constant shear stress using the mobility(linear) relationship between the shear stress and the dislocation velocity. The results suggest that the dispersoid distribution gives a significant influence to the CRSS, and the influence of dislocation dipole, which forms just before finishing up the Orowan looping mechanism, is substantial in determining the CRSS, especially for the interaction with small dispersoids. Therefore, the well-known Orowan equation for determining the CRSS cannot give an accurate estimation, because the influence of the dislocation dipole in the process of the Orowan looping mechanism is not accounted for in the equation.

Gender Differences in Auditory Perception and Computational Divided Attention Tasks

Women have been stereotyped as better multitaskers when compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in gender performance when performing cognitive combined tasks. Twenty-four graduate students （twelve females and twelve males） volunteered to participate in the study. The task requires participants to indicate when they perceive a change in the intensity of an auditory signal while simultaneously solving algebraic problems. Multivariate Analysis of Variance （MANOVA） results reveal no significant differences between genders when performing the combined tasks （p = 0.1831 and 2 = 0.7891） although the average number of false alarms made during the combined tasks by males is nearly 11% higher than the average number of false alarms made by females. However, （Multivariate Analysis of Variance） ANOVA results for the combined tasks show that males outperform females on the computational task while listening for changes in the auditory signal F（1, 22） - 5.09, p 〈 0.03, but there are no significant differences in their ability to detect noise intensity variation or in the number of false alarms made while multitasking. For the single task analysis the ANOVAs indicate no significant differences in signal detection task performance, computational task performance, or the number of false alarms made by males and females.

Scatter of fatigue data owing to material microscopic effects

A common phenomenon of fatigue test data reported in the open literature such as S-N curves exhibits the scatter of points for a group of same specimens under the same loading condition.The reason is well known that the microstructure is different from specimen to specimen even in the same group.Specifically,a fatigue failure process is a multi-scale problem so that a fatigue failure model should have the ability to take the microscopic effect into account.A physically-based trans-scale crack model is established and the analytical solution is obtained by coupling the micro-and macro-scale.Obtained is the trans-scale stress intensity factor as well as the trans-scale strain energy density(SED)factor.By taking this trans-scale SEDF as a key controlling parameter for the fatigue crack propagation from micro-to macro-scale,a trans-scale fatigue crack growth model is proposed in this work which can reflect the microscopic effect and scale transition in a fatigue process.The fatigue test data of aluminum alloy LY12 plate specimens is chosen to check the model.Two S-N experimental curves for cyclic stress ratio R=0.02 and R=0.6 are selected.The scattering test data points and two S-N curves for both R=0.02 and R=0.6 are exactly re-produced by application of the proposed model.It is demonstrated that the proposed model is able to reflect the multiscaling effect in a fatigue process.The result also shows that the microscopic effect has a pronounced influence on the fatigue life of specimens.