海上油田聚合物溶液高效配制方法研究

海上油田平台受空间狭小、承载有限、淡水缺乏等条件的限制,要求配注系统体积小、质量轻,聚合物快速溶解的同时保持溶液性能不受影响。为此,设计了由三级强制拉伸水渗速溶模块组成的聚合物速溶装置,研究了模块间距组合、配液温度、目标浓度等对溶解时间的影响规律,确定了最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,速溶装置的最佳间距组合为0.5 mm/0.3 mm/0.3 mm,配液溶液温度为45℃,此时聚合物溶解时间缩短至25 min,且黏度未受到显著影响。该实验结果可为配注系统的小型化、高效化、橇装化奠定基础。

海上平台驱油聚合物加速溶解装置研究与性能评价

针对海上平台驱油所用聚合物溶解时间长,配注系统体积大,与海上平台承重及空间有限相矛盾的问题,设计了基于强制拉伸作用的海上平台驱油聚合物加速溶解装置。通过两级速溶环相对运动使聚合物溶胀颗粒表层的溶胀层被剥离,内部未溶胀部分快速的与水接触,增加与水接触的比表面积,提高水聚双向渗透速度,从而缩短聚合物溶解时间。运用Fluent数值模拟研究了装置内部流体流动规律和压力分布情况。在单一过流通道中,越贴近壁面,速度矢量就越大,切应力越强,对聚合物溶胀颗粒的横向拉伸作用越强;在下定齿与动齿之间的活动间隙处,静压损失最高,装置动压达到最大值,对聚合物溶胀颗粒强制拉伸,加速聚合物溶解。现场测试结果表明,经过速溶装置后,聚合物AP-P4的基本溶解时间由80 min缩短至40 min左右,黏度保留率达90%以上,且基本溶解时溶液黏度相差不大。

Effects of cross rolling on texture,mechanical properties and anisotropy of pure Mo plates

To clarify the influence of the deformation texture on the mechanical properties,pure Mo plates were processed by various cross rolling procedures,and the relation among texture,microstructure and mechanical properties was discussed.The results show that cross rolling of the Mo plates is beneficial for the formation of the rotated cube component,i.e.,{001}<110>.The corresponding orientation density exhibits a positive correlation with the total rolling deformation and the current-pass deformation.When the total deformation is 96%or greater,the Mo plates form a texture orientation dominated by{001}<110>,whereas theγ-fibre texture becomes weaker and the cube texture{100}<100>disappears completely.The presence of{001}<110>has great effects on the properties of cross-rolled Mo plates,which is beneficial for strength enhancement and plasticity reduction in both the rolling direction(RD)and the transverse direction(TD).

Effect of partial recrystallization on microstructure and tensile properties of NiFeCoCrMn high-entropy alloy

To obtain a balance between strength and ductility in NiFeCoCrMn high-entropy alloy, the degree of dislocation strengthening was tuned via partial recrystallization during traditional thermomechanical processing(cold rolling and recrystallization). The tensile properties in each state were then examined. Significant improvements in uniform elongation and work hardening rate, with decrease in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, are associated with increase in the recrystallized fraction, i.e., reductions in the degree of strain hardening. In particular, recrystallized fractions of 37% and 74% are obtained by annealing at 650 ℃ for 10 min and 15 min, respectively, which results in yield strengths of 1003 MPa and 742 MPa and uniform elongations of 4% and 24%, respectively. The strengthening is due to the unrecrystallized grains with a high density of dislocations, whereas the ductility benefits from the presence of recrystallized strain-free grains.

Crack branching mechanism of rock-like quasi-brittle materials under dynamic stress

The cracking patterns of a thin sheet with a pre-existing crack subjected to dynamic loading are numerically simulated to investigate the mechanism of crack branching by using the FEM method.Six numerical models were set up to study the effects of load,tensile strength and heterogeneity on crack branching.The crack propagation is affected by the applied loads,tensile strength and heterogeneity.Before crack branching,the crack propagates by some distance along the direction of the pre-existing crack.For the materials with low heterogeneity,the higher the applied stress level is and the lower the tensile strength of the material is,the shorter the propagation distance is.Moreover,the branching angle becomes larger and the number of branching cracks increases.In the case of the materials with high heterogeneity,a lot of disordered voids and microcracks randomly occur along the main crack,so the former law is not obvious.The numerical results not only are in good agreement with the experimental observations in laboratory,but also can be extended to heterogeneity media.The work can provide a good approach to model the cracking and fracturing of heterogeneous quasi-brittle materials,such as rock,under dynamic loading.

Low-carbon advanced nanostructured steels:Microstructure, mechanical properties, and applications

Low-carbon advanced nanostructured steels have been developed for various structural engineering applications, including bridges, automobiles, and other strength-critical applications such as the reactor pressure vessels in nuclear power stations. The mechanical performances and applications of these steels are strongly dependent on their microstructural features. By controlling the size,number density, distribution, and types of precipitates, it is possible to produce nanostructured steels with a tensile strength reaching as high as 2 GPa while keeping a decent tensile elongation above 10% and a reduction of area as high as 40%. Besides, through a careful control of strength contributions from multiple strengthening mechanisms, the nanostructured steels with superior strengths and low-temperature impact toughness can be obtained by avoiding the temper embrittlement regime. With appropriate Mn additions, these nanostructured steels can achieve a triple enhancement in ductility(total tensile elongation, TE of ~30%) at no expense of strengths(yield strength, YS of ~1100 to 1300 MPa, ultimate tensile strength, UTS of ~1300 to 1400 MPa). More importantly, these steels demonstrate good fabricability and weldability. In this paper, the microstructure-property relationships of these advanced nanostructured steels are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the current limitations and future development of these nanostructured steels are carefully discussed and outlined.