实时全息用于强发光等离子体诊断的优势

为解决发光强、谱线宽、变化快等恶劣条件下进行现场显示实验的困难 ,基于作者的实验研究和理论分析 ,着重讨论了激光实时全息中的光强配合和全息光栅干涉滤波。指出除选频、检偏及空间滤波外 ,引入阶梯吸收板 ,适当调配物、参光的比例 ,尤其是干涉项的变通选用 ,可有效滤除干扰光、实时再现位相场分布、保证干涉图的质量 ,使实时全息仍可用于 Z- pinch(Z箍缩 )、DPF(稠密等离子体焦点 )等发光较强的高激发、高电离等离子体状态及迅变过程的诊断研究 ,且颇具优势。

基于蒽衍生高迁移率发光材料的研究进展

高迁移率发光有机半导体材料是实现有机发光场效应晶体管(OLETs)的重要材料,但其设计合成面临巨大挑战.本文综合评述了近年来高迁移率发光材料,特别是基于蒽的高迁移率发光材料的研究进展,重点介绍了目前报道的20余种基于蒽的高迁移率发光有机半导体材料,包括分子的设计策略\,相关的光电性能及其在OLETs器件方面的应用研究,以便为进一步的相关研究提供有意义的指导和借鉴.本文还对该领域未来发展的挑战、发展方向及机遇进行了简单评述.

Effects of Light Intensity on Growth, Development and Formation on Fagopyrum cymosum

Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decline of light intensity re- duced nutrient growth period, so that plant growth stage entered in advance and extended, which indicated that the decline of light intensity would lower leaf number and area, the number of twigs from the stem, as well as photosynthate. Further- more, the reduction degree increased upon light intensity decrease degree, and the proper shading improved stem height and leaf area enhanced before growth term.

Cultural and luminescent Conditions of a Marine luminous Bacterium

Study of marine noctilucence in marine is important to fishery, environmental monitoring and military affairs. A luminous bacterial strain D2 was isolated from the marine sediment samples collected near Donghai Island in Zhanjiang, China. The primary cultural and luminescent conditions of luminous bacterium D2 which was identified as Vibrio sp. were determined in liquid culture. The results showed that pH 7.0, 35 ℃, with 2.0 % NaCI, were the best growth conditions, and pH5 - 6, 20℃, OD600 0.08, with 3.0 % NaCI, were the optimal luminescent conditions.

Porosity Determination Equation for Porous Silicon

Through the studying of the carriers moving of the porous and the definition of S BET ,the equation of the relationship among the porosity,the current density and the etching speed can be deduced.Here,it is shown that for porous silicon made from p type silicon,there is a universal relationship,it is possible to determine the change in porosity with respect to etching under a set etching current density.This relationship is checked against experimental data from several reports on these etching parameters,and they confirm the validity.

Resonance-Enhanced Photon Excitation Spectroscopy of the Even-Parity 3p^5（2P1/2）nl′ [K′]J （l′=1, 3） Autoionizing Rydberg States of Ar

Metastable 40Ar＊ atoms are produced in the two metastable states 3p54s [3/2]2 and 3p5 4s′ [1/2]0 in a pulsed DC discharge in a beam, and are subsequently excited to the even-parity autoionizing resonance series 3pSnp′[3/2]1,2, 3p5 np′ [1/2]1, and 3p5nf′[5/2]3 using single photon excitation with a pulsed dye laser. The excitation spectra of the even-parity autoion- izing resonance series from the metastable 40Ar＊ are obtained by recording the autoionized Ar＋ ions with time-of-flight ion detection in the photon energy range of 32500-35600 cm-1 with an experimental bandwidth of 〈0.1 cm-1. A wealth of autoionizing resonances are newly observed, from which more precise and systematic spectroscopic data of the level energies and quantum defects are derived.

Neutral Dissociation of Superexcited Nitric Oxide Induced by Intense Laser Fields

Superexcited states of NO molecule and their neutral dissociation processes have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Neutral excited N^＊ and O^＊ atoms are detected by fluorescence spectroscopy for the NO molecule upon interaction with 800 nm intense laser radiation of duration 60 fs and intensity 0.2 PW/cm^2. Intense laser pulse causes neutral dissociation of superexcited NO molecule by way of multiphoton excitation, which is equivalent to single photon excitation in the extreme-ultraviolet region by synchrotron radiation. Potential energy curves （PECs） are also built using the calculated superexcited state of NO^＋. In light of the PECs, direct dissociation and pre-dissociation mechanisms are proposed respectively for the neutral dissociation leading to excited fragments N^＊ and O^＊.

Fabrication and testing of phase change heat sink for high power LED

A novel phase change heat sink was fabricated for packaging cooling of high power light emitting diode （LED）. 3D structures as enhanced boiling structure in the evaporation surface were composed of a spiral micro-groove along circumferential direction and radial micro-grooves which were processed by ploughing-extrusion （P-E） and stamping, respectively. Meanwhile, the cycle power of refrigerant was supplied by wick of sintered copper powder on internal surface of phase change heat sink. Operational characteristics were tested under different heat loads and refrigerants. The experimental results show that phase change heat sink is provided with a good heat transfer capability and the temperature of phase change heat sink reaches 86.8 ℃ under input power of 10 W LED at ambient temperature of 20 ℃.

Electron Injection Enhancement by Diamond-Like Carbon Film in Polymer Electroluminescence Devices

A diamond-like carbon （DLC） film is deposited as an electron injection layer between the polymer light-emitting layer（MEH-PPV） and aluminum （Al） cathode electrode in polymer electroluminescence devices （PLEDs） using a radio frequency plasma deposition system. The source material of the DLC is n-butylamine. The devices consist of indium tin oxide （ITO）/MEH-PPV/DLC/Al. Electron injection properties are investigated through I-V characteristics,and the mechanism of electron injection enhancement due to a thin DLC layer has been studied. It is found that： （1） a DLC layer thinner than 1.0nm leads to a higher turn-on voltage and decreased electroluminescent （EL） efficiency; （2） a 5.0nm DLC layer significantly enhances the electron injection and results in the lowest turn-on voltage and the highest EL efficiency; （3） DLC layer that exceeds 5.0nm results in poor device performance;and（4） EL emission can hardly be detected when the layer exceeds 10.0nm. The properties of ITO/MEH-PPV/DLC/Al and ITO/MEH-PPV/LiF/Al are investigated comparatively.

Optimization for Top DBR’s Reflectivity in RCE Photodectector

The monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) with photodetectors is very important in the application of free-space optical interconnects.Theoretical and experimental results on the resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetector with VCSEL Structure are presented.The compatible requirement in input mirror reflectivity between the VCSEL and the RCE detector is achieved by precisely etching the top mirror.In this way,the RCE detector with relatively high quantum efficiency and necessary optical bandwidth has been obtained.[KH8/9D]

Detection and Ranging System of Flight Aid Lights

Dynamic detection based on optics sensors and ranging radars is a new method to detect the luminous intensity of flight aid lights. The optics sensors can get the illumination information of each light, the ranging radar gets the distance information, and then data amalgamation technology is used to compute the luminous intensity of each light. A method to modify the errors of this dynamic detection system is presented. It avoids the accumulation error and measurement carrier’s excursion error by using peak value detection based on optics sensors to estimate the accurate position of each light, then to modify the lights’ lengthways distance information and transverse position information. The performance of the detection and ranging system is validated by some experiments and shown in pictures.

Research on Testing System for Three-dimensional Distribution of Luminous Intensity of LED

In terms of asymmetrical three-dimensional distribution(ID) of luminous intensity(LI) of light-emitting-diode(LED),a testing system was conducted in this study. Design and principle of the testing system were introduced. 31 photometers were placed on a concentric circle,and all of them were used to gather LI data of LED at the same time. The data acquisition card(DAC) was used to gather multichannel data and controlled motor. Experimental results indicated that the testing system had achieved the goal of testing three-dimensional distribution of LI. And each parameter could meet the requirements of industrial production and measurement.

Resonance-Enhanced Photon Excitation Spectroscopy of the Even-Parity Autoionizing Rydberg States of Xe

Xenon atoms were produced in their metastable states 5p^56s[3/2]2 and 5p^56s＇[1/2]0 in a pulsed DC discharge in a beam, and subsequently excited to the even-parity autoionizing Rydberg states 5p^5np＇ [3/2] 1,[1/2] 1, and 5p^5nf＇ [5/2] 3 using single photon excitation. The excitation spectra of the even-parity autoionizing resonance series from the metastable 129Xe were obtained by recording the autoionized Xe＋ with time-of-flight ion detection in the photon energy range of 28000-42000 cm-1. A wealth of autoionizing resonances were newly observed, from which more precise and systematic spectroscopic data of the level energies and quantum defects were derived.

Fast Diagnosis of Gonorrhea With Enhanced Luminescence Enzyme Immunoassay

Objective:To evaluate the value of enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay in the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhea(NG) infection. Methods: Anti-catalase antibody for Neisseria gonorrheae combined with enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay were used to test for N. gonorrhea. Results: A minimum of 1×10^4/CFU of GC in genital tract secretions or urine could be detected with the technique of luminescence enzyme immunoassay. Conclusion : The enhanced luminescence enzyme immunoassay has the advantage of high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing NG from genitourinary tract secretion and urine.

Upconversion Luminescence from Ho3＋ and Yb3＋ Codoped α-NaYF4 Single Crystals

The Ho3＋/yb3＋ co-doped a-NaYF4 single crystal was grown successfully for the first time by a modified Bridgman method in which KF was used as assisting flux and a large temperature gradient （70-90℃ /cm） of solid-liquid interface was adopted. Upconversion emissions at green -544 nm, red -657 and -751 nm were obtained under 980 nm laser diode excitation. The intensity at -544 nm was much stronger than those of -657 and -751 nm. The mechanisms of the upconversion emissions were investigated by studying the relationship between the upconversion intensity and pump power. The optimized Yb3＋ concentration was about 8.08moi% when Ho3＋ concentration was hold at about 1.0mol%. The results showed that Ho3＋/yb3＋ doped α-NaYF4 single crystal was a possible candidate upconversion material for the green solid-state laser.

Effects of light intensity on activity in four sympatric anuran tadpoles

Though light conditions are known to affect the development and anti-predation strategies of several aquatic species, relatively little is known about how different species react to light, or how light can affect these species during different points in their life-cycle. In this study, we used four sympatric anuran tadpoles （Bufo gargarizans, B. melanostictus, Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Microhyla fissipes） as animal system to examine species-specific activities of the underdoing different light intensity treatments, so as to better understand how they respond to light. We exposed four different species of tadpoles to 1660 and 14 lux light intensity treatments and then measured several parameters including development stage, body length and tail length, and as well as their basic activities. The results of this observation and analysis showed that the activities of tadpoles were significantly greater in B. gargarizans and B. melanostictus than in P. nigromaculatus and M. fissipes; and were also significantly greater during times of high light intensity as compared to during low light intensity. Moreover, the observed relationship between species and light intensity was significant. The activities ofB. gargarizans and B. melanostictus tadpoles were greater in high light, while the activity of P. nigromaculatus tadpoles was greater in low light intensity, while M. fissipes tadpoles showed no differences in either low or high intensity light. Furthermore, the activities orB. gargarizans, B. melanostictus and M. fissipes tadpoles in terms of developmental stage, body size or tail length did not seem to differ with light intensity, but during early larval developmental period of P. nigromaculatus, the activity of tadpoles was negatively correlated with development stage, but irrelevant to either body size or tail length in different light intensities. These results lead us to conclude the observed activities of the four sympatric anuran tadpoles are closely correlated with their specific anti-predation strategies.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Side-glowing Optical Fiber Deliverying Visible Light

The side-glowing optical fibers (SOFs) were chosen as the conducting medium of endogenous light; and 20 mg·L-1 methylene blue was chosen as the target to be degraded. The SOF is made up of quartz core with a silicon cladding, which can emit light through side surface more uniformly and transmit light for longer distance to avoid attenuation of light by liquid medium. The filament lamp was chosen as visible light source. Different reaction conditions, such as the presence of optical fiber or not, the quantity of SOF, light irradiation intensity were tested by measuring the methylene blue degradation of methylene blue. The results show that suitable reaction conditions were 1.167 g·L-1 Ag + /TiO 2 with 7% (by mass) of Ag + doped in TiO 2 , and 500 roots of SOF (30 cm length in solution). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency under 300W lamp irradiation for 8h was about 97%. And the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue degradation was proportional to SOF quantity, light irradiation intensity and catalytic dosage within a certain range. Compared with general UV and visible light SOFs could save a huge amount of energy and cost, in the potential applications in dealing with organic pollutants on a large scale.

Peculiarities of the C2 Swan Band System Intensities in Gas Discharges through CO-Contained Mixtures

The paper discusses the experimental results pointing to the efficient channel of the CO vibrational to the C2 electronic energy-transfer. The radiation spectra of the d3Hg electronic state of C2 molecule are investigated and the relation of their kinetics to a vibrational excitation of CO molecules in the He-CO-O2 plasma is discussed. The changes of CO VED （vibrational energy distribution） were imposed by an application of a laser resonator to the discharge tube under investigation. Strong correlation has been found in experiments between concentrations of vibrationally excited CO molecules and the electronically excited state d31qg of C2 molecule. Modulation of the intensity of lasing oscillation cased marked modulation of the intensity of the emission from d3Hg （Swan bands）. It was found that the vibrational levels 12 〈 w 〈 20 of the CO molecules most effect on the concentration of the C2 （d3flg）. The facts discussed above most probably point to the existence of efficient channel for the VE energy transfer： CO （w） ＋ C2 →CO ＋ C2 （d3II）. The efficiency of this channel increases with the growth of populations of high vibrational levels of CO （X1∑, w）.

The Element Size-Spectrum Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol in Strong Autumn Winds over Beijing

Atmospheric aerosol samples collected in Beijing during 17-21 September 2004 were analyzed using the proton-induced X-ray emissions (PIXE) method,yielding concentrations of 20 elements.Analyzing the aerosol element size-spectrum distribution,enrichment factor (EF) and source over Beijing showed that under strong wind weather conditions,there were double peak distributions in the element size-spectra of Cu,S,K,Mn,As,Br,and Pb:one in fine mode and another in coarse mode.The peak in fine mode resulted from local emissions related to human activities,while the peak in coarse mode was caused by long range transport.The EF values of elements Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Br,and Pb were relatively high,suggesting an evident characteristic polluted by regional aerosol.Results from factor analysis indicated that soil dust,coal-burning,industry and vehicle emissions contributed considerably to the autumn aerosol pollution in Beijing.

Effects of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)

Artificial lighting regimes have been successfully used to inhibit sexual maturity of Atlantic salmon in confinement.However,when these operations are applied in commercial recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS) using standard lighting technology,sexual maturation is not suppressed.In this study,an L_9(3~3) orthogonal design was used to determine the effects of three factors(spectral composition,photoperiod,and light intensity) on the gonadal development of Atlantic salmon in RAS.We demonstrated that the photoperiod at the tested levels had a much greater effect on the gonadosomatic index and female Fulton condition factor than spectral composition and light intensity.The photoperiod had a significant effect on the secretion of sex steroids and melatonin(P<0.05),and a short photoperiod delayed sex steroid and melatonin level increases.The three test factors had no significant effects on the survival rate,specific growth rate,relative weight gain,and male Fulton condition factor(P>0.05).The optimum lighting levels in female and male Atlantic salmon were LD 8:16,455 nm(or 625 nm),8.60 W/m^2;and LD 8:16,8.60 W/m^2,455 nm respectively.These conditions not only delayed gonadal development,but also had no negative effects on Atlantic salmon growth in RAS.These results demonstrate that a combination of spectral composition,photoperiod and light intensity is effective at delaying the gonadal development of both male and female salmon in RAS.