考虑层状岩体强度异向性的地下洞室平面有限元分析

由于层状岩体在平行和垂直层面的方向上具有不同的强度特性，故进行非线性分析时必须考虑岩体强度的异向性。据此，笔者研制了一个可以处理层状岩体强度异向性的弹塑性及无拉分析的平面有限元程序，并举例进行了计算和结果分析，得到了一些有益的认识。

层状岩体强度异向性地下洞室的有限元分析

对于层状岩体，在有限元方法中可将其当成横观各向同性的连续介质进行计算。因为层状岩体在平行与垂直层面的方向上具有不同的强度特性，故进行非线性分析时岩体强度的异向性必须考虑。据此作者研制了一个可以处理层状岩体强度异向性的弹塑性及无拉分析的平面有限元程序，并举例进行了计算和结果分析。

微量稀土Ce、形变织构与2090合金板材屈服强度异向性

利用Ｘ 射线衍射分析仪对比研究了２０９０ 和２０９０ ＋ 微量稀土元素素铈（Ｃｅ） 两种铝锂合金板材，在固溶状态下变形织构的差异． 并结合不同取向上（ 与轧向呈０°、４５°和９０°） 屈服强度的的测试结果，探究了微量Ｃｅ 的添加对２０９０ 合金板材形变织构影响的内在机制，及其在宏观性能上的响应．

考虑双重孔隙–裂隙岩体中强度异向性的THM耦合有限元分析

计入裂隙连通率,进一步完善了确定双重孔隙–裂隙介质岩体的黏聚力及内摩擦角的方法,将其引入独立开发的热–水–应力耦合二维弹塑性有限元程序中。假定一个位于饱和岩体中的实验室尺度的核废物地质处置库模型,以此为计算背景,拟定裂隙组正交和斜交的二种情况,进行热–水–应力耦合有限元分析。结果表明:与裂隙组正交时的各场量呈轴对称分布相比,两组裂隙斜交时,孔隙水压力及其流速呈轴对称分布,但岩体中的应力场、裂隙水压力及其流速、塑性区均呈非轴对称分布;裂隙组正交时岩体中的塑性区大面积出现,而裂隙组斜交时岩体中几乎无塑性区产生;岩体中裂隙组的产状强烈地影响到应力场、塑性区和裂隙水的状态。

法向应力对接触面循环单剪力学特性的影响研究

法向应力对土与结构接触面循环单剪力学特性的影响研究具有重要意义。运用80 t大型三维接触面试验机,进行了不同法向应力下粗粒土与结构接触面单剪试验,分析了法向应力对接触面循环单剪力学特性的影响规律。试验结果表明,法向应力对接触面变形位移、滑动位移、切向应力、可逆性剪切体变和不可逆性剪切体变以及抗剪强度等接触面性能参量的数值有显著影响,但对参量间关系形式影响较小。法向应力越大,接触面变形位移在初始几个循环内越大,随循环剪切的进行,其减小速率越快,最终稳定值越小;切向刚度越大,切向应力稳定值也越大,初始几个循环内切向刚度系数越小;不可逆性剪切体变越大,可逆性剪切体变峰值和稳定值越小,相变位移和相变应力比越小;抗剪强度越大,其异向程度则先增大后减小。不同法向应力下,接触面循环抗剪强度与法向应力符合摩尔-库仑准则;切向应力比-切向位移关系、不可逆性剪切体变和剪切功密度关系均具有良好一致性,基本不受法向应力影响,可用双曲线模型描述,这将大大简化接触面本构描述。

Phase field model for strong interfacial energy anisotropy of HCP materials

Based on the Karma model and the Eggleston regularization technique of the strong interfacial energy anisotropy, a phase-field model was established for HCP materials. An explicit finite difference numerical method was used to solve phase field model and simulate the dendrite growth behaviors of HCP materials. Results indicate that the dendrite morphology presents obvious six-fold symmetry, and discontinuity in the variation of interface orientation occurs, resulting in a fact that the corners were formed at the tips of the main stem and side branches. When the interfacial energy anisotropy strength is lower than the critical value（1/35）, the steady-state tip velocity of dendrite increases with anisotropy as expected. As the anisotropy strength crosses the critical value, the steady-state tip velocity drops down by about 0.89%. With further increase in anisotropy strength, the steady-state tip velocity increases and reaches the maximum value at anisotropy strength of 0.04, then decreases.

Cracking process of rock mass models under uniaxial compression

Anisotropic strength and deformability of the rock mass with non-persistent joints are governed by cracking process of the rock bridges. The dependence of cracking process of jointed rock masses on the two important geometrical parameters, joint orientation and joint persistence, was studied systematically by carrying out a series of uniaxial compression tests on gypsum specimens with regularly arranged multiple parallel pre-existing joints. According to crack position, mechanism and temporal sequence, seven types of crack initiations and sixteen types of crack coalescences, were identified. It was observed that both tensile cracks and shear cracks can emanate from the pre-existing joints as well as the matrix. Vertical joints were included and coplanar tensile cracks initiation and coalescence were observed accordingly. For specimen with joint inclination angle ,8=75~, it was found that collinear joints can be linked not only by coplanar shear cracks but also by mixed tensile-shear cracks, and that a pair of them can form a small rotation block. Seven failure modes, including axial cleavage, crushing, crushing and rotation of new blocks, stepped failure, stepped failure and rotation of new blocks, shear failure along a single plane and shear failure along multiple planes, were observed. These modes shift gradually in accordance with the combined variation of joint orientation and joint persistence. It is concluded that cracking process and failure modes are more strongly affected by joint orientation than by joint persistence, especially when joint inclination angle is larger than 45~. Finally, variations of macroscopic mechanical behaviors with the two geometrical parameters, such as patterns of the complete axial stress-axial strain curves, peak strength and elastic modulus, are summarized and their mechanisms are successfully explained according to their different cracking process.

Effects of cross rolling on texture,mechanical properties and anisotropy of pure Mo plates

To clarify the influence of the deformation texture on the mechanical properties,pure Mo plates were processed by various cross rolling procedures,and the relation among texture,microstructure and mechanical properties was discussed.The results show that cross rolling of the Mo plates is beneficial for the formation of the rotated cube component,i.e.,{001}<110>.The corresponding orientation density exhibits a positive correlation with the total rolling deformation and the current-pass deformation.When the total deformation is 96%or greater,the Mo plates form a texture orientation dominated by{001}<110>,whereas theγ-fibre texture becomes weaker and the cube texture{100}<100>disappears completely.The presence of{001}<110>has great effects on the properties of cross-rolled Mo plates,which is beneficial for strength enhancement and plasticity reduction in both the rolling direction(RD)and the transverse direction(TD).

Effect of electropulsing on anisotropy in strength of laser metal deposited Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effect of electropulsing treatment on microstructure and mechanical strength of laser metal deposited Ti−6Al−4V alloy was investigated in order to eliminate the anisotropy in strength of laser metal deposited Ti−6Al−4V alloy by tensile tests,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron back-scattered diffraction analyses and transmission electron microscopy.With increasing applied voltages from 0 to 130 V,the evolution of microstructure within columnarβgrains followed the sequence ofα′martensite→colonyαstructure→basket-weaveαstructure.The electropulsing treated at 130 V weakened the texture of martensite withinβgrains.The as-built Ti−6Al−4V alloy showed an anisotropy in yield strength(6.2%).After processing at 130 V,the anisotropy in yield strength was reduced to 0.6%,which was attributed to the almost equivalent distribution of Schmid factor in the samples deformed along different orientations.

Dynamic strength characteristics and failure criteria of anisotropically consolidated silt under principal stress rotation

In order to identify the critical properties and failure criteria of in-situ silt under vehicle or wave loading, anisotropically consolidated silt under undrained cyclic principal stress rotation was studied with hollow cylinder dynamic tests. The results show that for the slightly anisotropically consolidated samples with consolidation ratios no larger than 1.5, the structure collapses and the deviator strain and pore pressure increase sharply to fail after collapse. For the highly anisotropically consolidated samples with consolidation ratios larger than 1.5, the strain increases steadily to high values, which shows characteristics of ductile failure. 4% is suggested to be the threshold value of deviator stain to determine the occurrence of collapse. The normalized relationship between pore pressure and deviator strain can be correlated by a power fimction for all the anisotropically consolidated samples. Based on it, for the highly anisotropically consolidated samples, the appearance of inflection point on the power function curve is suggested to sign the failure. It can be predicted through the convex pore pressure at this point, whose ratio to the ultimate pore pressure is around linear with the consolidation ratio in spite of the dynamic shear stress level. And the corresponding deviator strain is between 3% and 6%. The strain failure criterion can also be adopted, but the limited value of stain should be determined according to engineering practice. As for the slightly anisotropically consolidated samples, the turning points appear after collapse. So, the failure is suggested to be defined with the occurrence of collapse and the collapse pore pressure can be predicted with the ultimate pore pressure and consolidation ratio.

Numerical investigation for anisotropy of compressive strength of rock mass with multiple natural joints

Based on Rock Failure Process Analysis model RFPA2D, the evolutionary proc- esses of failure process of rock mass with multiple natural joints were simulated. Numeri- cal simulations show that anisotropy of compressive strength of jointed rock mass varies with the number of natural joints and inclination of natural joints. As the number of natural joints in rock mass increases, the anisotropy becomes less and less. It is justifiable to treat approximately rock mass containing six or more natural joints instead of four or more joints that was described in literature of Hoek and Brown as isotropy.

A Quadrature Approach for N-Collinear Crack Problem in an Orthotropic Strip

This study presents the determination of the stress intensity factors （SIFs） at the edges of the cracks in an elastic strip weakened by N-collinear cracks. The problem of an orthotropic elastic strip is reduced to a system of Cauchy type singular integral equations. The system of singular integral equations is approached by a Quadrature technique. Under two different loading conditions, the results are obtained for the different cases of crack numbers. The resistance of the strip is examined by considering the orthotropic properties of the strip material. Finally, the crack interactions are clarified during the analysis.

Ausforming effects on anisotropy of mechanical properties in HSLA martensitic steel

In order to clarify effects of prior pancaked austenitic structure on microstructure and mechanical properties of transformed martensite in ausformed steel,a super-thin pancaked austenite was processed by multi-pass rolling in a 0.03-2.6Mn0.06Nb-0.01Ti(wt%) low alloy steel.The evolution of prior pancaked austenite grain during multi-pass rolling was studied using Ni-30Fe model alloy.Related with the structure and texture in the prior super-thin pancaked austenite in Ni-30Fe alloy,the texture and anisotropy of mechanical properties of transformed martensite in the studied ausformed steel were focused on.There were mainly three kinds of rolling texture components in the super-thin pancaked austenite:Goss {110} 001,copper {112} 111 and brass {110} 112.They were further transformed into the weak {001} 110 and strong {112} 110,{111} 112 texture components in the martensitic structure.The orientation relationship(OR) of lath martensite transformation from pancaked austenite in the ausformed steel deviated larger from the exact Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S) OR than in the case of equiaxed austenite without deformation.The tensile and yield strengths of the ausformed martensitic steel first decreased and then increased as the angle between tension direction and rolling direction increased.The main reason for the anisotropy of strength was considered as the texture component {112} 110 in martensite.However,the anisotropy of impact toughness was more complex and the main reasons for it are unknown.

Perpendicular magnetic clusters with configurable domain structures via dipole-dipole interactions

Magnetic single-domain islands based on in-plane anisotropy （usually, shape anisotropy） and their dipole-dipole interactions have been investigated extensively in recent years. This has been driven by potential applications in magnetic recording, spintronics, magneto-biology, etc. Here, we propose a concept of out- of-plane magnetic dusters with configurable domain structures （multi-flux states） via dipole-dipole interactions. Their flux stages can be switched through an external magnetic field. The concept has been successfully demonstrated by patterned [Co/Pd] islands. A [Co/Pd] multilayer exhibits a large perpendicular anisotropy, a strong physical separation, and uniform intrinsic properties after being patterned into individual islands by electron beam lithography. A three- island cluster with six stable flux states has been realized by optimizing island size, thickness, gap, anisotropy, saturation magnetization, etc. Using [Co/Pd] multilayers, we have optimized the island structure by tuning magnetic properties （saturation magnetization and perpendicular anisotropy） using Landau-Liftshitz- Gilbert （LLG） simulation/calculation. Potential applications have been proposed, including a flexi-programmable logic device with AND, OR, NAND, and NOR functionalities and a magnetic domino, which can propagate magnetic current as far as 1 μm down from the surface via vertical dipole-dipole interactions.