阳离子易染聚酯长丝强度降测试方法研究

着重阐述了阳离子易染聚酯长丝强度降测试方法的建立及完善。结果表明用纱架180℃烘样法测定阳离子易染聚酯长丝强度降较理想,数据准确,真正反映出阳离子易染聚酯长丝的热稳定性,可指导、调整阳离子易染聚酯改性工艺及第三、四组分品种和配方。

基于不等比例降强度参数的龙滩碾压混凝土坝稳定分析

采用考虑坝体坝基渗流、大坝分期加高、温度效应和应变软化等因素的弹塑性有限元和不等比例降材料强度参数的方法 ,分析了龙滩碾压混凝土重力坝前、后期挡水段和溢流段的渐进破坏过程、破坏机理和极限承载能力 .计算结果表明 。

降雹类型及相关因子的分布特征

通过对全自动雹雨分测计所测16次降雹天气系统自记纸做雹雨分档、同步读数分析,得到5种降雹类型及相关因子的分布特征:(1)降雹强度特大类;(2)降雹强度中小类;(3)降雹总量特大且具有毁灭性灾害类;(4)雹量成脉冲式涌动;(5)降雹云系弱、持续时间长、降雹量小及强度弱。这对研究冰雹云的结构、雹胚的生成起引导作用,为模拟冰雹生成和落地提供了观测数据。

大连市区大气氮湿沉降研究

雨水的主要成分是水并含有低浓度的含氮化合物,降落在春夏秋3季的雨水对植物生长有一定的影响。雨水除满足植物生理生态需水外,也为植物提供了一定的氮营养。确定雨水中的含氮量多少时空分布状况对植物生长状况的影响不论从环境科学还是植物生长科学都有一定的意义。通过2009—2010年对位于我国辽东半岛最南端的大连市区的雨水连续收集,利用流动分析仪测定雨水中的活性氮化合物含量及变化趋势,可能对生态环境有一定的影响。结果表明：两年的降雨次数分别为34和51次,降雨量分别为687.55和630.22 mm,介于常年年平均降雨量（550~950 mm）的范围内。雨水的总含氮量分别为22.94和41.65 kg.hm-2,总无机含氮量分别为17.67和18.67 kg.hm-2,其中,前1年铵态氮和硝态氮的通量分别为7.99和9.68 kg.hm-2;后1年铵态氮和硝态氮的通量分别为7.72和10.95 kg.hm-2,降雨量大的7和8月份氮沉降通量大,氮沉降通量的变化趋势与降雨量一致。降氮强度各月分布不均,2年的月平均值分别为0.42和0.55 mg.L-1.h-1,总氮的沉降强度按季节排序为冬季〉秋季〉春季〉夏季。随降雨沉降的活性氮化合物可以作为植物生长的氮源,每年平均沉降的总氮相当于使用69.15 kg.hm-2的尿素。一般来说雨水中的无机氮化合物能被植物直接利用,含量多少对不同生态系统产生不同的影响;在农田生态系统有利于作物和杂草的生长,在江河湖海边缘有利于植被的生长,产生富营养化。大连市区2年的月平均降氮质量浓度为4.90 mg.L-1,已远远超出富营养水体中氮质量浓度的阈值,周边水体存在富营养化的隐患。

增强CT定量参数诊断胃肠道间质瘤危险度的价值及与预后不良的关系

目的 研究增强CT定量参数诊断胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor, GIST)危险度的价值及与预后不良的关系。方法 选取2020年3月-2022年3月收治的GIST 120例,根据术后危险度分级分为非高危组68例和高危组52例,比较2组术前增强CT定量参数,分析增强CT定量参数与GIST术后危险度的相关性,通过受试者工作特征曲线分析增强CT定量参数诊断GIST术后危险度的价值;并比较术后1年不同预后患者术前临床资料、增强CT定量参数,采用多因素Logistic回归分析GIST预后不良的影响因素。结果 高危组增强起始时间、达峰时间短于非高危组,增强强度值、强度半降时间高于或长于非高危组(P<0.01)。增强起始时间、达峰时间与GIST术后危险度呈负相关(r=-0.426、-0.470,P<0.01),增强强度值、强度半降时间与GIST术后危险度呈正相关(r=0.518、0.635,P<0.01)。增强起始时间、增强强度值、达峰时间、强度半降时间联合诊断GIST患者术后危险度为高危的曲线下面积大于单独参数诊断(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径、增强起始时间、增强强度值、达峰时间、强度半降时间是GIST患者术后预后不良的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论 GIST患者增强CT定量参数与术后危险度、预后密切相关,各定量参数诊断GIST患者术后危险度具有一定价值,且对患者预后评估具有一定指导意义。

飞机座舱透明材料大气老化与使用老化当量关系的研究

根据 YB-3航空有机玻璃海南自然老化 1 ,2 ,3年后的疲劳寿命曲线和在东北沈阳 -鞍山地区飞行使用 5年后的疲劳寿命曲线 ,用疲劳强度降 ,建立了大气老化与使用老化两者的当量关系。并用 YB-2航空有机玻璃海南大气自然老化与南方飞行使用老化的数据 ,验证了建立的加速当量的正确性和准确性。

黑龙江省冰雹天气气候特征及近年变化

利用近 40年黑龙江省各气象台站冰雹资料 ,概述全省冰雹天气气候基本特征 ,对比统计分析近 2 0年黑龙江省降雹的强度、频率及空间分布规律的特征变化。

新型橡胶防老剂6PPD合成催化剂

依托对氨基二苯胺和甲基异丁基甲酮一步法合成6PPD的合成工艺,研制出F04型缩合烷基化催化剂。强度试验表明,制备的催化剂使用后强度下降率低、无粉化和使用寿命长。在催化剂作用下,6PPD收率较高,产品合格0过渡期,甲基异丁基甲酮回收率大幅提高。

不同比例降强度法在碾压混凝土重力坝抗滑稳定分析中的应用

利用不同比例降强度法。

移动式大容量卸粮斗设计应用研究

为加快粮食入库进度,减少装卸人员用工,研发设计移动式大容量卸粮斗。通过应用该设备不仅能提升生产效率,一天单仓入库量达到1000t以上;而且在一定程度上节约了成本,对比人工卸粮节省2人~3人,节省一台卸粮平台,作业强度大大降低,入库效率明显提升,为在有利的时间内抓住粮源入库提供了保障。

A new double reduction method for slope stability analysis

The core of strength reduction method(SRM) involves finding a critical strength curve that happens to make the slope globally fail and a definition of factor of safety(FOS). A new double reduction method, including a detailed calculation procedure and a definition of FOS for slope stability was developed based on the understanding of SRM. When constructing the new definition of FOS, efforts were made to make sure that it has concise physical meanings and fully reflects the shear strength of the slope. Two examples, slopes A and B with the slope angles of 63° and 34° respectively, were given to verify the method presented. It is found that, for these two slopes, the FOSs from original strength reduction method are respectively 1.5% and 38% higher than those from double reduction method. It is also found that the double reduction method predicts a deeper potential slide line and a larger slide mass. These results show that on one hand, the double reduction method is comparative to the traditional methods and is reasonable, and on the other hand, the original strength reduction method may overestimate the safety of a slope. The method presented is advised to be considered as an additional option in the practical slope stability evaluations although more useful experience is required.

Simulation of Extreme Climate Events over China with Different Regional Climate Models

During phase II of the Regional Climate Model Inter-comparison Project （RMIP） for Asia, the Asian climate was estimated from July 1988 to December 1998 using six climate models. In this paper, the abilities of six climate models to simulate several important ex- treme climate events in China during the last years of the last century were analyzed. The modeled results for the intensity of the precipitation anomaly over the Yang- tze-Huaihe Valley during the summers of 1991 and 1998 were weaker than the observed values. The positive pre- cipitation anomaly responsible for a catastrophic flood in 1991 was well reproduced in almost all simulation results, but the intensity and range of the precipitation anomaly in 1998 were weaker in the modeled results. The spatial dis- tribution of extreme climate events in 1997, when severe drought affected North China and flood impacted South China, was reproduced by most of the regional models because the anomaly of the large-scale background field was well-simulated, despite poor simulation of high temperature areas in the north during the summer by all models.

THE INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY OF EAST ASIA MONSOON AND ITS EFFECT ON THE RAINFALL OVER CHINA

The interdecadal variability of the East Asia summer monsoon during 1951～1999 is analyzed by using two different East Asia monsoon indices. The results agree on the point that the East Asia monsoon has undergone an interdecadal variability in the mid-1970s. The intensity of the East Asia monsoon is weaker after this transition. Moreover the intensity and location of subtropical high that is an important component in East Asia monsoon system also shows interdecadal variation obviously. It is the interdecadal variation in atmospheric circulation that causes the drought over North China and flooding along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the mid-1970s.

The Influence of El Ni?o on MJO over the Equatorial Pacific

In this paper, the influence of E1 Nino event on the Madden-Julian Oscillation （MJO） over the equatorial Pacific is stud- ied by using reanalysis data and relevant numerical simulation results. It is clearly shown that E1 Nino can reduce the intensity of MJO. The kinetic energy of MJO over the equatorial Pacific is stronger before the occurrence of the E1 Nino event, but it is reduced rapidly after E1 v event outbreak, and the weakened MJO even can continue to the next summer. The convection over the cen- tral-western Pacific is weakened in E1 Nino winter. The positive anomalous OLR over the central-western Pacific has opposite variation in E1 Nino winter comparing to the non-ENSO cases. The vertical structure of MJO also affected by E1 Nino event, so the opposite direction features of the geopotential height and the zonal wind in upper and lower level troposphere for the MJO are not remarkable in the E1 Nino winter and tend to be barotropic features. El Nino event also has an influence on the eastward propa- gation of the MJO too. During E1 Nino winter, the eastward propagation of the MJO is not so regular and unanimous and there exists some eastward propagation, which is faster than that in non-ENSO case. Dynamic analyses suggest that positive SSTA （El Nino case） affects the atmospheric thickness over the equatorial Pacific and then the excited atmospheric wave-CISK mode is weakened, so that the intensity of MJO is reduced; the combining of the barotropic unstable mode in the atmosphere excited by external forcing （SSTA） and the original MJO may be an important reason for the MJO vertical structure tending to be barotropic during the E1 Nino.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of new metastable β type titanium alloy

A new metastable β type titanium alloy called TB-13 with the combination of excellent strength and ductility was developed successfully.In order to develop a perspective on this new alloy,the influence of several commonly used heat treatments on the microstructure and properties was studied.In solution-treated and quenched samples,a low-temperature aging at 480°C results in the precipitation of finerαphase.The precipitation of coarserαphase plate at higher aging temperature(560°C)leads to the increase of tensile ductility but reduction of strength.During low-temperature aging at 300°C,quite homogeneous distribution of fine isothermalωphase particles was found.The isothermalωphase provides nucleation sites forαphase during two-step aging process and makesαphase extremely fine and disperse uniformly in β matrix.Thus,TB-13 alloy is strengthened and its mechanical properties are improved.

Mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of orthopedic pure titanium−magnesium alloy screw prepared by friction welding

The dissimilar joining of biodegradable magnesium alloy to pure commercial titanium by rotational friction welding with rotational speeds of 1100,1200 and 1300 r/min for the production of bio-screw was investigated.The metallographic analysis revealed that a good joining was obtained at the Ti/Mg alloy joint.On the magnesium alloy side,various regions such as the weld center zone(WCZ),dynamic recrystallization zone(DRX),thermo-mechanically affected zone(TMAZ)and partially deformed zone(PDZ)were observed.The highest tensile and shear strengths were 173 and 103.2 MPa,respectively at a rotational speed of 1300 r/min.The Ti/Mg alloy dissimilar friction welded joint failed at the vicinity of the intermetallic zone containing Ti3Al phase.The hardness values from the base metal magnesium alloy to the joining point increased mainly due to grain refinement(8.57μm in diameter)and the presence of titanium particles,while the hardness values were constant on the titanium side.It was also found that the corrosion rate of the Ti/Mg alloy joint was higher compared with that of the Ti and Mg alloy from the immersion studies.Additionally,the sample with a rotational speed of 1300 r/min showed better biocompatibility and a cell viability of 98.12%due to better corrosion resistance.

Cloud microphysical differences with precipitation intensity in a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China

High-resolution data of a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China, simulated by the WRF model, were used to analyze the cloud microphysical differences with precipitation intensity. Sixhourly accumulated rainfall was classified into five bins based on rainfall intensity, and the cloud microphysical characteristics and processes in different bins were studied. The results show that：（1） Hydrometeor content differed distinctly among different bins. Mixing ratios of cloud water, rain water, and graupel enhanced significantly and monotonously with increasing rainfall intensity. With increasing precipitation intensity, the monotonous increase in cloud water number concentration was significant. Meanwhile, number concentrations of rain water and graupel increased at first and then decreased or increased slowly in larger rainfall bins.（2） With precipitation intensity increasing, cloud microphysical conversion processes closely related to the production of rainwater, directly（accretion of cloud water by rain（QCLcr） and melting of graupel（QMLgr）） or indirectly（water vapor condensation and accretion of cloud water by graupel）, increased significantly.（3） As the two main sources of rainwater, QCLcrincreased monotonously with increasing precipitation intensity, while QMLgr increased slowly, even tending to cease increasing in larger rainfall bins.

Tape casting of borosilicate glass/Al_2O_3 composites for LTCC substrate with various relative molecular masses of PVB

The dispersion, stabilization and rheological properties of the slurry with various relative molecular masses of PVB were studied. The sintering properties, microstructure and dielectric properties of borosilicate glass/Al203 composites were also investigated. The intensities of the typical vibrating bands decrease with the decrease of the relative molecular mass of PVB, which demonstrates that the content of butyral groups in PVB binders decreases correspondingly, leading to a rapid decrease in the viscosity of the mixed slurry. The solid content of samples increases with the decrease of the relative molecular mass of PVB, and this further leads to the increase of tape thickness, bulk density and dried-shrinkage coefficient of tapes. The bulk density, relative density, three-point strength and dielectric constant of sintered samples increase with the increase of the solid content, and the shrinkage and dielectric loss decrease. By contrast, samples for PVB-5s exhibit better properties of a bulk density of 3.10 g/cm3, a relative density of 98.1%, a three-point strength of 208 MPa, aεt value of 8.01, a tanδ value of 7.6× 10^-4 at 10 MHz and a well matching with Ag electrodes.

Slope Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area

Avalanches and landslides,induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12,2008,resulted in a lot of disaggregated,solid material on slopes that could be readily mobilized as source material for debris flows.Rainstorms triggered numerous slope debris flows with great damage to highways and rivers over the subsequent two years.Slope debris flows(as opposed to channelized debris flows) are defined as phenomena in which high-concentration mixtures of debris and water flow down slopes for short distances to highways and river banks.Based on field investigations and measurements of 19 slope debris flows,their main characteristics and potential mitigation strategies were studied.High rainfall intensity is the main triggering factor.Critical rainfall intensities for simultaneous occurrence of single,several and numerous slope debris flow events were 20 mm/day,30mm/day,and 90 mm/day,respectively.Field investigations also revealed that slope debris flows consist of high concentrations of cobbles,boulders and gravel.They are two-phase debris flows.The liquid phase plays the role of lubrication instead of transporting medium.Solid particles collide with each other and consume a lot of energy.The velocities of slope debris flows are very low,and their transport distances are only several tens of meters.Slope debris flows may be controlled by construction of drainage systems and by reforestation.

Precipitation under Subtropical High Conditions:Evidence and Implications

The impact of the subtropical high (STH) on precipitation was investigated on a daily timescale using matched NCEP and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) datasets.Comparison of the conditional probability (intensity) of precipitation under STH condi-tions with that under non-STH conditions suggests that the presence of the STH conditions has a limited impact on local precipitation.In the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH),precipitation was only 30% lower under STH conditions than under non-STH conditions.The STH conditions had somewhat more impact on precipitation intensity,but it was still 50% less than the intensity under non-STH conditions (mean of roughly 5 mm d 1).Pre-cipitation under STH conditions was found to be highly correlated with vertical motion.Active updrafts occurring even under STH conditions are essential for frequent oc-currences and moderate intensities of precipitation.