There are many automatic organization phenomena and automatic organization unities in the universe. The automatic organization whole refers to a life body with the thinking. The thinking is the core of automatic organ...There are many automatic organization phenomena and automatic organization unities in the universe. The automatic organization whole refers to a life body with the thinking. The thinking is the core of automatic organization. The thinking is at eternal restless motion and binds to substances. The universe, organism and society are the automatic organization unities or life systems with the thinking. The thinking can perceive, attract, drive, organize and control all individuals and it is a force of life structure or universal gravitation and universal repulsion. The thinking has a life structure, a template and dynamic of entity-life＇s automatic organization. Life body has five dynamic systems： the thinking motion and information flow, breathing motion, closed-loop current （particle flow） and energy flow, interaction among state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations and active ＆ automatic chemical-physical reactions, cardiac pulsation and active motion and transportation. Human, galaxies and society can change from low to high energy state initiatively. This is realized by controlling the desires of life entity via the thinking and breathing motions and by altering the body＇s binding forces dominating the life entity （in turn, by bond force, strong interaction and quark confinement）. All forces in the universe present in the universe of life： force of the thinking-universal gravitation and universal repulsion, electromagnetic interaction, bond force, strong interaction, quark confinement and weak interaction. Under the automatic organization of the thinking, these forces bind into a 4-season＇ whole. The united state of these forces is controlled by the thinking and breathing motion, which is capable of changing from 3-, 2- and 1-dimensional states to a 0-dimensional state.展开更多
Enhancing mass transport to electrodes is desired in almost all types of electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy storage or conversion. Here, a method of doing so by means of the magnetic gradient force ...Enhancing mass transport to electrodes is desired in almost all types of electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy storage or conversion. Here, a method of doing so by means of the magnetic gradient force generated at magnetic-nanoparticle-modified electrodes is presented. It is shown using Fe3O4-nanoparticle-modified electrodes that the ultrahigh magnetic gradients （〉10^8 T·m^- 1） established at the magnetized Fe3O4 nanoparticles speed up the transport of reactants and products at the electrode surface. Using the Fe（Ⅲ）/ Fe（Ⅱ）-hexacyanoferrate redox couple, it is demonstrated that this mass transport enhancement can conveniently and repeatedly be switched on and off by applying and removing an external magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles field, owing to the superparamagnetic Thus, it is shown for the first time that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to control mass transport in electrochemical systems. Importantly, this approach does not require any means of mechanical agitation and is therefore particularly interesting for application in micro- and nanofluidic systems and devices.展开更多
文摘There are many automatic organization phenomena and automatic organization unities in the universe. The automatic organization whole refers to a life body with the thinking. The thinking is the core of automatic organization. The thinking is at eternal restless motion and binds to substances. The universe, organism and society are the automatic organization unities or life systems with the thinking. The thinking can perceive, attract, drive, organize and control all individuals and it is a force of life structure or universal gravitation and universal repulsion. The thinking has a life structure, a template and dynamic of entity-life＇s automatic organization. Life body has five dynamic systems： the thinking motion and information flow, breathing motion, closed-loop current （particle flow） and energy flow, interaction among state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations and active ＆ automatic chemical-physical reactions, cardiac pulsation and active motion and transportation. Human, galaxies and society can change from low to high energy state initiatively. This is realized by controlling the desires of life entity via the thinking and breathing motions and by altering the body＇s binding forces dominating the life entity （in turn, by bond force, strong interaction and quark confinement）. All forces in the universe present in the universe of life： force of the thinking-universal gravitation and universal repulsion, electromagnetic interaction, bond force, strong interaction, quark confinement and weak interaction. Under the automatic organization of the thinking, these forces bind into a 4-season＇ whole. The united state of these forces is controlled by the thinking and breathing motion, which is capable of changing from 3-, 2- and 1-dimensional states to a 0-dimensional state.
文摘Enhancing mass transport to electrodes is desired in almost all types of electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy storage or conversion. Here, a method of doing so by means of the magnetic gradient force generated at magnetic-nanoparticle-modified electrodes is presented. It is shown using Fe3O4-nanoparticle-modified electrodes that the ultrahigh magnetic gradients （〉10^8 T·m^- 1） established at the magnetized Fe3O4 nanoparticles speed up the transport of reactants and products at the electrode surface. Using the Fe（Ⅲ）/ Fe（Ⅱ）-hexacyanoferrate redox couple, it is demonstrated that this mass transport enhancement can conveniently and repeatedly be switched on and off by applying and removing an external magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles field, owing to the superparamagnetic Thus, it is shown for the first time that magnetic nanoparticles can be used to control mass transport in electrochemical systems. Importantly, this approach does not require any means of mechanical agitation and is therefore particularly interesting for application in micro- and nanofluidic systems and devices.
