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Rundle模式地震滞后环和突变现象研究 被引量:1
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作者 李丁一 《西北地震学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2001年第4期354-358,共5页
基于耗散结构理论详细研究了地震活动的主要特征 .研究结果表明 ,地震活动呈现双稳态及尖拐突变现象 .主要表现是 :发生在应力场临界值区间 [-pc,pc]内的滞后环现象和发生在临界值pc 和 -pc 处的突变现象 ,前者对应系统应变能积累过程 ... 基于耗散结构理论详细研究了地震活动的主要特征 .研究结果表明 ,地震活动呈现双稳态及尖拐突变现象 .主要表现是 :发生在应力场临界值区间 [-pc,pc]内的滞后环现象和发生在临界值pc 和 -pc 处的突变现象 ,前者对应系统应变能积累过程 ,后者 (即强震过程 ) 展开更多
关键词 耗散结构 滞后环现象 尖拐突变 Rundle模式 强震机制 地震活动
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强震过程软弱层带地震动响应及大型滑坡启动机制研究 被引量:6
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作者 崔圣华 《岩石力学与工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第6期1560-1560,共1页
在构造活跃的高山峡谷区,山体内部广泛发育原生或次生弱带,如软弱岩带、断层带、风化壳等;由于该地区也是地震多发区,使得这些弱带成为控制斜坡稳定性的关键带,最显著实例为2008年汶川Ms 8.0地震诱发的最大滑坡——大光包滑坡(DGB lands... 在构造活跃的高山峡谷区,山体内部广泛发育原生或次生弱带,如软弱岩带、断层带、风化壳等;由于该地区也是地震多发区,使得这些弱带成为控制斜坡稳定性的关键带,最显著实例为2008年汶川Ms 8.0地震诱发的最大滑坡——大光包滑坡(DGB landslide),滑带背景是先期层间错动带,至今引起国内外广泛关注和持续研究,其地震诱发机制仍不清楚。针对斜坡关键弱带地震动响应及控滑机制关键科学问题,基于9 a大光包滑坡持续工程地质调查,开展多种手段测试、系列振动台模型试验及数值模拟,探究大光包滑坡启动机制问题。主要内容如下:(1)首先,在对汶川地震动、大光包地质环境分析基础上,确定软弱层带岩体建造及改造特征、构造分带及构造岩划分、物质组成、岩体结构描述、水文地质特征,结果表明大光包斜坡是含有关键弱带(层间错动带)的大型岩质斜坡、强震过程层间错动带剪滑破坏是大光包滑坡启动的关键,提出了强震过程由层间错动带主控的大型滑坡启动地质模型。(2)为全面揭示层间错动带静动力学特性,采用现场大剪、室内直剪、DPRI环剪和MTS动三轴试验手段,考虑静动力学条件、含水率、排水条件、围压条件等多种试验方案,得出干噪软弱层带内聚力范围为20~320 k Pa,内摩擦角范围为15°~41°,认为干燥条件不太可能触发大光包滑坡突然失稳,水是降低材料库仑摩擦的重要因素。(3)通过概化大光包滑坡含软弱层带地质体模型,开展了13次振动台模型试验,分析软弱层带土压力、加速度和位移响应基本特征,及地震因素(激振强度(0.05 g^0.8 g)、激振频率(5~15 Hz)、强度–频率耦合作用、激振持时)和地质因素(软弱层带厚度、埋深、组数及产状)对位移、土压力、Arias强度的影响规律,首次提出地震软弱层带"动力非协调变形响应"概念,并揭示了动力非协调变形4种基本模式和6大工程地质效应,进一步基于弹性波动力学理论和地震波射线理论建立了动力非协调变形响应数学模型,理论模型对振动台模型计算结果与振动台试验结果相吻合。(4)利用MTS动三轴试验和PFC数值模拟,揭示了岩体动力损伤特征和软弱层带扩容动力过程;揭示出动力过程振幅衰减系数和延迟时间决定的变形差异造成的应力分异和叠加,导致了软弱层带动力非协调变形;拉压交替作用下非均质岩体差异性卸荷回弹、局部应力集中、封闭应力导致的动力非协调变形是岩体动力致损成因;认为岩体动力扩容机制包括提出的动力非协调变形致损扩容和屈服后传统的剪胀、拉张扩容。(5)引入岩体裂隙导水系数参数,基于Joukowsky瞬态流理论,建立了考虑水击的软弱层带抛物线型库仑强度准则,获得了地下水位高度与软弱层带抗剪强度关系;对大光包滑坡计算表明,最大水击压力近20 MPa、滑带抗剪强度可降为0。(6)基于上述研究,认为滑前大光包层间错动带位于地下水位之下,地震中地下水强力挤入层间错动带扩容空间,导致滑带抗剪强度骤降,前缘锁固段突然剪段,滑坡高速启动;提出强震过程由层间错动带主控、软弱层带非协调变形致损、水力激发的大光包滑坡启动过程机制模型。 展开更多
关键词 边坡工程 软弱层带 岩体损伤 非协调变形 动力扩容 强震滑坡启动机制
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Features of the M7.9 Earthquake in the Russia-Mongolia-China Boundary Region
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作者 RouJie YangYouling SongHeping 《Earthquake Research in China》 2004年第4期357-364,共8页
At 19:33 p.m on September 27, 2003, an earthquake with M7.9 occurred in the Russia-Mongolia-China boundary Region. It was strongly felt in the Altay region of Xinjiang. The losses caused by the earthquake was 76 milli... At 19:33 p.m on September 27, 2003, an earthquake with M7.9 occurred in the Russia-Mongolia-China boundary Region. It was strongly felt in the Altay region of Xinjiang. The losses caused by the earthquake was 76 million yuan (RMB). Some information about the earthquake was outlined, including basic parameters, focal mechanism, evaluation of earthquake disaster losses and so on. The satellite remote sensing information worked initial analysis for deformation of ground and failure phenomenon. 展开更多
关键词 Russia-Mongolia-China boundary region The M7.9 earthquake Focal mechanism Remote sensing Seismotectonic environment
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A Preliminary Discussion on the Mechanism of Abnormal Intensity Zones of the M5.1 Wen'an Earthquake in 2006
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作者 Zhang Suling Zhao Jingyi Lin Jie 《Earthquake Research in China》 2009年第4期448-457,共10页
An earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale struck Wen'an county,Hebei Province on July 4,2006. No casualties have been reported,with only slight damage. The disaster level of this event is the slightest on t... An earthquake measuring 5.1 on the Richter scale struck Wen'an county,Hebei Province on July 4,2006. No casualties have been reported,with only slight damage. The disaster level of this event is the slightest on the M4.9~5.1 events record tally since the CCDSN (China Center of Digital Seismic Network) was built in 1999. The epicenter intensity of this earthquake was low,while in areas like Beijing,which is 100km far away,abnormal high intensity zones appeared. This article discusses the reasons behind this abnormal phenomenon,with the diagrams of intensity isolines drawn by the intense seismic stations and networks in the capital circle area as references,as well as the seismogenic mechanism in the source,the seismic histories,the geological structures and the ray pathways of seismic waves in areas within 150km around the epicenter. It was concluded that the special dynamic and geological situations were the main causes for the lower intensity degree and slight damage in the epicenter area,but higher intensity in the surrounding areas. 展开更多
关键词 Wen'an earthquake Intensity anomaly Discussion on mechanism
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Variation Characteristics of Focal Mechanisms of Small Earthquakes before Four Strong Earthquakes in Xinjiang
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作者 Nie Xiaohong Wang Qiong 《Earthquake Research in China》 2014年第2期210-218,共9页
With the point source dislocation model and the velocity structure of a layered medium,focal mechanisms of small earthquakes are calculated using the maximum amplitude of the direct P- and S-waves in the vertical comp... With the point source dislocation model and the velocity structure of a layered medium,focal mechanisms of small earthquakes are calculated using the maximum amplitude of the direct P- and S-waves in the vertical component. By system clustering,and using the vector synthesis method,the average focal mechanism solution is obtained. Using the above method,this paper analyzes the variation characteristics of the source ruptures and the P-axis azimuths of small earthquakes around the seismic zones before four strong earthquakes occurring since 2003 in the western part of north Tianshan and the middle part of Tianshan. The result shows that 2 ~ 3 years before the strong earthquakes,the focal mechanism types of small earthquakes are distributed randomly, and obvious dominant distributions are observed one year before the strong earthquakes. There are obvious changes in the P-axis azimuth. 展开更多
关键词 Small earthquake Focal mechanism solution System clustering Type of earthquake Principal compressive stress axes deflection
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Seismic Sequence Characteristics of the March 21,2008,M_S 7. 4 Yutian,Xinjiang Earthquake and Seismological Anomalies before the Earthquake
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作者 Nie Xiaohong Li Yingzhen 《Earthquake Research in China》 2012年第3期377-390,共14页
The parameters, stress field background, geological tectonics and seismic sequence of the March 21, 2008, Ms7.4 Yutian, Xinjiang earthquake are discussed in this paper. The characteristics of seismic activity in the e... The parameters, stress field background, geological tectonics and seismic sequence of the March 21, 2008, Ms7.4 Yutian, Xinjiang earthquake are discussed in this paper. The characteristics of seismic activity in the epicenter and its adjacent region before the earthquake are analyzed; and a comparison is made between the Ms7.4 Yutian earthquake sequence, the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence and the Wuqia Ms6.9 earthquake sequence. The results show the Ms7.4 Yutian earthquake occurred in the junction between the Aityn Tagh fault and the western Kunlun fault, resulting perhaps from the tensile fracture of the branch fault located southwest of the Ashikule basin due to left-lateral dislocation of the Aityn Tagh fault; the seismic sequence is of main shock-aftershock type, the strongest aftershock being Ms5.8. The aftershocks attenuated quickly, and occurred in groups; the focal mechanism solutions and epicenter distribution have revealed a unilateral rupture source of this earthquake. Seismic activity shows that there was medium and medium-short term abnormity before the earthquake, but there was not short-imminent abnormity. Seismic activity of this earthquake sequence enhanced before the Ms8. 0 Wenchuan and the Ms6. 9 Wuqia earthquakes, showing the window effect to some extent. 展开更多
关键词 Ms7.4 Yutian earthquake Sequence characteristic Seismic activitycharacteristics Window effect
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A Study on Tidal Force Triggering of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 Earthquake and Its Strong Aftershocks
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作者 Chen Daqing Yang Maling Liu Jin 《Earthquake Research in China》 2012年第1期87-96,共10页
By calculating the azimuth, phase angle and change rate of tidal force, and contrasting their rupture types, we find that in 6 of 11 reverse faulting earthquakes, the angles between the direction of the horizontal tid... By calculating the azimuth, phase angle and change rate of tidal force, and contrasting their rupture types, we find that in 6 of 11 reverse faulting earthquakes, the angles between the direction of the horizontal tidal force and compressive principal stress are within 33°, the vertical phase angles of all 8 strike-slip earthquakes are in the upward peak section and the vertical phase angles of two extensional normal faulting earthquakes are in the downward peak section. According to the above statistics, the mechanism of tidal force triggering of the Wenchnan Ms8. 0 Earthquake and its strong aftershocks is discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Wenchuan earthquake Strong aftershocks Tidal force The triggeringmechanism
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Consistent Distribution of Stress before Strong Earthquake from Focal Mechanisms
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作者 Zeren Zhima Diao Guiling Li Zhixiong 《Earthquake Research in China》 2010年第4期415-422,共8页
At some stage of a strong earthquake preparation, the focal mechanisms of small earthquakes have roughly the same direction with the tectonic stress field. According to this feature, we define the angle between P, B a... At some stage of a strong earthquake preparation, the focal mechanisms of small earthquakes have roughly the same direction with the tectonic stress field. According to this feature, we define the angle between P, B and T axis of focal mechanisms and the three stress axes of tectonic stress field as the consistency parameter a in studying the dynamic changes of stress fields in earthquake preparation areas. We mainly analyze the changes of the consistency parameter a of the Mw8. 3 Knril island arc earthquake and the Mw8. 4 Peru earthquake. Our study shows that before the strong earthquakes, the earthquake area saw a low consistency, and the focal mechanisms of a series of small earthquakes had small differences in the directions with the tectonic stress field, which means the foreshocks were under the control of the stress field. On the other hand, a higher consistency means the focal mechanisms of their aftershocks are scattered and have big differences in the directions with the tectonic field, which indicate that the control of background stress field starts weakening. 展开更多
关键词 Focal mechanisms The consistency Kuril Island Peru Stress field
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Relationship between M_S≥7.0 Earthquakes in the Chinese Mainland and Tidal Coulomb Failure Stress
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作者 Zhang Hui Zhang Langping +1 位作者 Xu Hui Wang Yixi 《Earthquake Research in China》 2013年第4期447-457,共11页
In this paper,we focused on earthquakes with M S≥7.0 in the Chinese mainland from1900 to 2012,calculated the lunisolar tidal Coulomb failure stress on the seismic fault plane and got the tidal phase through Schuster&... In this paper,we focused on earthquakes with M S≥7.0 in the Chinese mainland from1900 to 2012,calculated the lunisolar tidal Coulomb failure stress on the seismic fault plane and got the tidal phase through Schuster's test,then quantitatively analyzed the correlation between strong earthquakes in the Chinese mainland and tidal Coulomb failure stress.Research shows that among 57 strong earthquakes with focal mechanism solutions,over 71.9%took place within the tidal loading phase,with the p-value of 3.83%,indicating that strong earthquakes with M S≥7.0 in Chinese mainland have a certain correlation with lunisolar tidal Coulomb failure stress.In the active period,the p-value is4.56%,75.5%of earthquakes occurred in the tidal loading phase zone,and 50%of earthquakes occurred in the quiescence period,indicating that strong earthquakes in the active period were obviously triggered with the tidal Coulomb failure stress loading. 展开更多
关键词 Lunisolar tide TRIGGER Tidal phase Coulomb failure stress
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活动地块理论框架下的地震物理预报展望 被引量:7
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作者 邵志刚 王武星 +6 位作者 刘琦 潘正洋 刘晓霞 王芃 魏文薪 冯蔚 尹晓菲 《科学通报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第13期1362-1377,共16页
中国大陆强震孕育发生的关键科学问题主要包括:从板块到断层应力加载动力学过程、区域强震活动时空演化动力学过程、大陆强震原地复发动力学过程等.上述问题在活动地块理论框架下,基本研究方向可分为周边板块边界动力加载、活动地块划... 中国大陆强震孕育发生的关键科学问题主要包括:从板块到断层应力加载动力学过程、区域强震活动时空演化动力学过程、大陆强震原地复发动力学过程等.上述问题在活动地块理论框架下,基本研究方向可分为周边板块边界动力加载、活动地块划分及其变形机制、活动地块边界带与区域强震演化、大陆型强震原地复发动力学模型.相应地,中国大陆型强震物理预测研究的重点研究内容主要包括:(1)从板块到断层应力的加载过程,明确大陆强震孕育发生的动力来源;(2)基于震源物理模型,研究大陆型强震变形机制,为强震地点和震级预测提供支持,可称之为基于震源物理模型的综合概率预测;(3)大陆型强震复发动力学过程以及强震破裂动力学过程,为时间物理预测提供依据,可称之为强震动力学概率预测;(4)区域断裂系统与强震时空演化,分析区域强震成组时空演化及动力机制,实现区域强震成组活动和单个断层强震的物理预测.本文根据国内外研究进展和我国地震预报业务现状,对我国大陆强震孕育发生的现象或规律进行梳理与总结,尝试描述活动地块理论框架下的地震物理预报工作方向,期望能为我国地震物理预报起到抛砖引玉的作用. 展开更多
关键词 活动地块 大陆强震 物理预报 强震孕育发生机制
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