改革中人的五种逆向行为

在改革开放的社会系统中，人们对社会的总体态度是肯定或支持，否定或逆向。本文着重分析了改革社会形态中五种逆向性的态度行为。

New predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） had become the major therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease （CAD）, but the high rate of in-stent restenosis （ISR） still remained an unsolved clinical problem in clinical practice. Increasing evidences suggested that diabetes mellitus （DM） was a major risk factor for ISR, but the risk predictors of ISR in CAD patients with DM had not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristic predictors significantly associated with the occurrence of ISR in diabetic patients following coronary stenting with drug-eluting stent （DES）. Methods A total of 920 patients with diabetes who diagnosed CAD and underwent coronary DES implantation at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in China were consecutively enrolled from January 2012 to December 2012. Of these, 440 patients underwent the second angiography within ≥ 6 months due to the progression of treated target lesions. Finally, 368 of these patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up by angiography after baseline PCI. According to whether ISR was detected at follow-up angiography, patients were divided into the ISR group （n = 74） and the non-ISR group （n = 294）. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM were explored by multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression models. Results A total of 368 patients （260 women and 108 men） with a mean ages of 58.71 ± 10.25 years were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, ISR occurred in 74/368 diabetic patients （20.11%） by follow-up angiography. Univariate analysis showed that most baseline characteristics of the ISR and non-ISR group were similar. Patients in the ISR group had significantly higher serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）, triglyceride （TG） and uric acid （UA） levels, more numbers of target vessel lesions, higher prevalence of multi-vessel disease, higher SYNTAX score, higher rate of previous but lower rate of drinking compared with patients in the non-ISR group. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after DES implantation included VLDL-C （HR = 1.85, 95% CI： 1.24-2.77, P = 0.002）, UA （per 50 μmol/L increments, HR = 1.19, 95% CI： 1.05 1.34, P = 0.006）, SYNTAX score （per 5 increments, HR = 1.34, 95% CI： 1.03-1.74, P = 0.031） and the history ofPCI （HR = 3.43, 95% CI： 1.57-7.80, P = 0.003） by the multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The increased serum VLDL-C and UA level, higher SYNTAX score and the history of previous PCI were independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after coronary DES implantation. It provided new evidence for physi- cians to take measures to lower the risk oflSR for the better management of diabetic patients after PCI.

Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients

AIM: To investigate the expression of myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) in relation to clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival in a group of Chinese patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: In our previous study of human wholegenome gene expression profiling, the differentially expressed genes were detected in the gastric cancer and its adjacent noncancerous mucosa. We found that MR-1 was associated with the location and differentiation of tumors. In this study, MR-1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in specimens of primary cancer and the adjacent noncancerous tissues from gastric cancer patients. A set of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays based on the Universal ProbeLibrary-a collection of 165 presynthesized, fluorescence-labeled locked nucleic acid hydrolysis probes-was designed specifically to detect the expression of MR-1 mRNA. The correlation was analyzed between the expression of MR-1 and other tumor characteristics which may influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study on the prognosis was carried out and clinical data were collected from medical records. RESULTS: MR-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in gastric cancer tissues as well as in matched noncancerous tissues. MR-1 was up-regulated at both mRNA (5.459 ± 0.639 vs 1.233 ± 0.238, P < 0.001) and protein levels (34.2% vs 13.2%, P = 0.003) in gastric cancer tissues. Correlation analysis demonstrated that high expression of MR-1 in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the postoperative survival of the MR-1 positive group tended to be poorer than that of the MR-1 negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Among all the patients with stageⅠ-Ⅳ carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates of MR-1 positive and negative groups were 50.40% and 12.70%, respectively, with respective median survival times of 64.27 mo (95%CI: 13.41-115.13) and 16.77 mo (95%CI: 8.80-24.74). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the impact of MR-1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters on prognosis. In a univariate analysis on all 70 specimens, 6 factors were found to be significantly associated with the overall survival statistically: including MR-1 expression, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage based on the 7th edition of the International Union against Cancer TNM classification. To avoid the influence caused by univariate analysis, the expressions of MR-1 as well as other parameters were examined in multivariate Cox analysis. Clinicopathological variables that might affect the prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed by Cox regression analysis, which showed that MR-1 expression and TNM stage were independent predictors of postoperative survival. The best mathematical multivariate Cox regression model consisted of two factors: MR-1 expression and TNM stage. Our results indicated that MR-1 protein could act as an independent marker for patient overall survival [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.215, P = 0.043]. CONCLUSION: MR-1 is an important variable that can be used to evaluate the outcome, prognosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer patients.

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Pluriactivity in Mountainous and Hilly Rural Areas of Sichuan Province,China

In this study, the current situation of pluriactivity in mountainous and hilly rural areas of Sichuan province was analyzed using representative sample survey data and natural factor data calculated based on 30 m-resolution DEM and GIS. Moreover, using logistic regression model, a quantitative analysis was conducted on factors influencing pluriactivity in terms of individuals, households, communities and natural environmental conditions. The results showed that, （1） only 17.77% of rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan province were engaged in pluriactivity. Geographically, pluriactivity was mainly chosen according to the ＂proximity principle＂, and was concentrated in construction and service industries; （2） the following factors have a significant influence on whether rural laborers in hilly areas engage in pluriactivity： gender, number of years of education, marriage, number of laborers and time to towns. Those with little influence include： age, health, family size, arable land per capita and per capita income, whether there are elderly people over 75 years and children less than 3 years. According to the main factors affecting pluriaetivity, the government should enhance vocational skills training for rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas, especially for female laborers, further improve transport accessibility and encourage rural laborers, especially female laborers to move into pluriactivity to increase the income of farm households.

Vitamin D improves viral response in hepatitis C genotype 2-3 nave patients

AIM: To examine whether vitamin D improved viral response and predicted treatment outcome in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2-3. METHODS: Fifty patients with chronic HCV genotype 2-3 were randomized consecutively into two groups: Treatment group [20 subjects, age 48 ± 14 years, body mass index (BMI) 30 ± 6, 65% male], who received 180 μg pegylated α-interferon-2a plus oral ribavirin 800 mg/d (Peg/RBV), together with oral vitamin D3 (Vitamidyne D drops; 2000 IU/d, 10 drops/d, normal serum level > 32 ng/mL) for 24 wk; and control group (30 subjects, age 45 ± 10 years, BMI 26 ± 3, 60% male), who received identical therapy without vitamin D. HCV RNA was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Undetectable HCV RNA at 4, 12 and 24 wk after treatment was considered as rapid virological response, complete early virological response, and sustained virological response (SVR), respectively. Biomarkers of in? ammation were measured. RESULTS: The treatment group with vitamin D hadhigher BMI (30 ± 6 vs 26 ± 3, P < 0.02), and high viral load (> 400 000 IU/mL, 65% vs 40%, P < 0.01) than controls. Ninety-fi ve percent of treated patients were HCV RNA negative at week 4 and 12. At 24 wk after treatment (SVR), 19/20 (95%) treated patients and 23/30 (77%) controls were HCV RNA negative (P < 0.001). Baseline serum vitamin D levels were lower at baseline (20 ± 8 ng/mL) and increased after 12 wk vitamin D treatment, to a mean level of (34 ± 11 ng/ mL). Logistic regression analysis identifi ed vitamin D supplement [odds ratio (OR) 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.9, P < 0.001], serum vitamin D levels (< 15 or > 15 ng/mL, OR 2.2, P < 0.01), and BMI (< 30 or > 30, OR 2.6, P < 0.01) as independent predictors of viral response. Adverse events were mild and typical of Peg/RBV. CONCLUSION: Low vitamin D levels predicts negative treatment outcome, and adding vitamin D to conventional Peg/RBV therapy for patients with HCV genotype 2-3 signifi cantly improves viral response.

Prediction model of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute heart failure based on retrospective study

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a clinical risk model that is predictive of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients hos- pitalized with acute heart failure （AHF）. Methods 2486 patients who were 60 years and older from intensive care units of Cardiology De- partment in the hospital were analyzed. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were obtained by binary logistic regression and then used to establish the risk prediction score system （RPSS）. The area under the curve （AUC） of receiver operator characteristic and C-statistic test were adopted to assess the performance of RPSS and to compare with previous get with the guidelines-heart failure （GWTG-HF）. Re- sults By binary logistic regression analysis, heart rate （OR： 1.043, 95% CI： 1.030-1.057, P 〈 0.001）, left ventricular ejection fraction （OR： 0.918, 95% CI： 0.833~）.966, P 〈 0.001）, pH value （OR： 0.001, 95% CI： 0.000-0.002, P 〈 0.001）, renal dysfunction （OR： 0.120, 95% CI： 0.066M）.220, P 〈 0.001） and NT-pro BNP （OR： 3.463, 95% CI： 1.870-6.413, P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortal- ity for elderly AHF patients. Additionally, RPSS, which was composed of all the above-mentioned parameters, provided a better risk predic- tion than GWTG-THF （AUC： 0.873 vs. 0.818, P = 0.016）. Conclusions Our risk prediction model, RPSS, provided a good prediction for in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with A/IF.

Independent and combined effects of environmental factors and miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 on the risk of coronary heart disease

Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.

Prevalence,genotypes and factors associated with HCV infection among prisoners in Northeastern Brazil

AIM： To determine hepatitis C virus （HCV） seropreva- lence and its genotypes, and to identify the factors associated with HCV infection. METHODS： This cross-sectional study, conducted in two prisons （one male and one female） in the State of Ser- gipe, Brazil, comprised 422 subjects. All of the prisoners underwent a rapid test for the detection of HCV antibod- ies. Patient~ with a positive result were tested for anti- HCV by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and for HCV RNA by qualitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. The virus genotype was defined in every serum sample that presented positive for PCR-HCV. In order to determine the factors independently associated with positive serol- ogy for HCV, multivariate logistic regression was used. RESULTS： HCV seroprevalence was 3.1%. Of the 13 subjects with positive anti-HCV, 11 had viremia confirmed by PCR. Of these, 90.9% had genotype 1. A total of 43 （10.2%） were injecting drug users, and HCV seroprevalence in this subgroup was 20.6%. The variable most strongly associated with positive serology for HCV was use of injecting drugs [odds ratio （OR）, 23.3; 95% confidence interval （CI）, 6.0-90.8]. Age over 30 years （OR, 5.5; 95%CI, 1.1-29.2）, history of syphilis （OR, 9.8; 95%CI, 1.7-55.2） and history of household contact with HCV positive individual （OR, 14.1; 95%CI, 2.3-85.4） were also independently associated with HCV infection. CONCLUSION： Most of the HCV transmissions result from parenteral exposure. However, there is evidence to suggest a role for sex and household contact with an infected subject in virus transmission.

Equivalent Kelvin Impact Model for Seismic Pounding Analysis of Bridges

Based on Hertz contact theory, a method to determine the parameters of Kelvin impact model for seismic pounding analysis of bridges is proposed. The impact stiffness of Kelvin model is determined by the ratio of maximum impact force to maximum contact deformation, which is calculated based on Hertz contact theory with considering the vibration effect. The restitution coefficient which has great influence on the damping coefficient of Kelvin impact model is investigated by numerical analysis. Numerical results indicate that the impact stiffness of Kelvin impact model increases with the increment of the Hertz contact stiffness, approaching velocity or the length ratio of short to long girders. Vibration effect has remarkable influence on the impact stiffness and cannot be neglected. The restitution coefficient decreases when approaching velocity increases or the length ratio of short girder to long girder decreasing. The practical ranges of impact stiffness and restitution coefficient are obtained as 3 × 10^8--6 × 10^8 N/m and 0.6-3.95 respectively.

Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.

Polymorphisms in NF-κB,PXR,LXR,PPARγ and risk of inflammatory bowel disease

AIM:To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in nuclear receptors to risk of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) . METHODS:Genotypes of nuclear factor(NF) -κB(NFKB1) NFκB-94ins/del(rs28362491) ;peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR) -γ(PPARγ) PPARγPro12Ala(rs1801282) and C1431T(rs 3856806) ;pregnane X receptor(PXR) (NR1I2) PXR A-24381C(rs1523127) ,C8055T(2276707) ,and A7635G(rs 6785049) ;and liver X receptor(LXR) (NR1H2) LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C were assessed in a Danish case-control study of 327 Crohn's disease patients,495 ulcerative colitis(UC) patients,and 779 healthy controls.Odds ratio(OR) and 95%CI were estimated by logistic regression models. RESULTS:The PXR A7635G variant,the PPARγPro12Ala and LXR T-rs2695121-C homozygous variant genotypes were associated with risk of UC(OR:1.31,95% CI:1.03-1.66,P=0.03,OR:2.30,95%CI:1.04-5.08,P=0.04,and OR:1.41,95%CI:1.00-1.98,P=0.05,respectively) compared to the corresponding homozygous wild-type genotypes.Among never smokers,PXR A7635G and the LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C variant genotypes were associated with risk of IBD(OR:1.41,95%CI:1.05-1.91,P=0.02,OR:1.63,95%CI:1.21-2.20,P=0.001,and OR:2.02,95%CI:1.36-2.99,P=0.0005,respectively) compared to the respective homozygous variant genotypes.PXR A7635G(rs6785049) variant genotype was associated with a higher risk of UC diagnosis before the age of 40 years and with a higher risk of extensive disease(OR:1.34,95%CI:1.03-1.75 and OR:2.49,95%CI:1.24-5.03,respectively) . CONCLUSION:Common PXR and LXR polymorphisms may contribute to risk of IBD,especially among never smokers.

Noninfectious Fever Following Aortic Surgery:Incidence,Risk Factors,and Outcomes

Objective To determine the incidence, course, potential risk factors, and outcomes of noninfectious fever developed in patients after aortic surgery. Methods Patients who received operation for aortic aneurysm or dissection in our center from January 2006 to January 2008 were reviewed. Patients who met one of the following criteria were excluded： having a known source of infection during hospitalization; having a preoperative oral temperature greater than or equal to 38.0℃; undertaking emergency surgery; having incomplete data. Univariate analysis was performed in patients with noninfectious postoperative fever and those without, with respect to demographics, intraoperative data, etc. Risk factors for postoperative fever were considered for the muhivariate logistic regression model if they had a P value less than 0.10 in the univariate analysis. Results Totally 463 patients undergoing aortic surgery were enrolled for full review. Among them, 345 （74.5%） patients had noninfectious postoperative fever, the other 118 （25.5%） patients didn＇t develop postoperative fever. Univariate analysis demonstrated that several risk factors were associated with the development of noninfectious postoperative fever, including weight, surgical procedure, minimum intraoperative bladder temperature, temperature upon intensive care unit （ICU） admission, discharge, and during ICU stay, as well as blood transfusion. In a further multivariate analysis, surgical site of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta （odds ratio： 4.861; 95% confidence interval： 3.029-5.801; P=0.004）, lower minimum intraoperative bladder temperature （odds ratio： 1.117; 95% confidence interval： 1.01-1.24; P=0.04）, and higher temperature on admission to the ICU （odds ratio： 2.57; 95% confidence interval： 1.28-5.18; P=0.008） were found to be significant predictors for noninfectious postoperative fever. No difference was found between the febrile and afebrile patients with regard to postoperative hospitalization duration （P=0.558） or total medical costs （P=0.896）. Conclusion Noninfectious postoperative fever following aortic surgery is very common and closely related with perioperative interventions.

Agricultural Credit Sources and Determinants of Credit Acquisition by Farmers in Idemili Local Government Area of Anambra State

The study is focused on agricultural credit sources and determinants of credit acquisition by farmers in ldemili local government area of Anambra State, Nigeria with specific objectives to： describe socio-economic characteristics of rural farmers; identify sources of agricultural credit available to rural farmers; determine socio-economic factors that influence agricultural credit acquisition of farmers; ascertain reasons for any credit misappropriation and identify problems that constrain farmers from agricultural credit acquisition. Ninety farmers were randomly selected by multi stage random sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to elicit data for the study. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model were used in achieving the objectives. Results indicated that 74.44% of respondents were males with a mean age of 45 years. Majority （76.67%） were married with large house hold sizes. Majority （93.33%） received different level of education, with sources of credit from friends/relatives （30.00%）, cooperative societies （43.33%）, money lenders （14.44%）, and cumulatively from formal sources （（12.22%）. The result of the multiple regression analysis revealed age, household size, membership of cooperative societies, marital status, education level, farm size and amount of loan repaid at varied signs and levels as significant predictors of amount of agricultural credit acquired by farmers. The most common reason given among the respondents （55.89%） of those who misappropriated acquired agricultural credit, was meeting nonfood needs of the household. The farmers encountered problems of high interest rate （78.89%）, lack of collateral （75.56%）, long distance from source of credit （50.00%）, poor harvest （37.78%）, moratorium （33.33%） and delay in loan approval/disbursement （44.44%） as constraints to acquire credit. The study recommends that the state government should pass policies aimed at providing free educative seminars to all illiterate farmers to teach them possible ways and methods of acquiring credit. To ensure mass attendance to such seminars, little incentives should be given to farmer participants.

Forecast of Changes Concerning the Water Budget in a Wetland of Danube Floodplain

The water budget of the examined wetland was extremely variable in the past six years. Principally, it was affected by the water regime of the River Danube and the climatic factors. In order to investigate the changes of these elements, and to succeed to forecast, statistical methods by using SPSS program were performed. The time series of the evaporation, of the precipitation and of the river＇s water-level were analysed by linear regression, by exponential smoothing, by deterministic models. In consequence of the river regulation, the low-water and the mean stage of Danube were decreasing during the last hundred years, because the riverbed was permanently deepening. Since the river has overflowed its bed and has inundated to the wide floodplain, the decrease of high-water did not appear. The decline of the flooded days signed the quicker passage of flood. These processes have prevented that the examined wetland is going to fill up from the floods. The difference in summer semester between the evaporation and the precipitation was increasing during the last fifty years. Therefore, the drying out of the wetland is going to be more frequent in the future. In the interests of the survival of this wetland, it is necessary to construct the restoring-system in the floodplain.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs2076185 in chromosome 6P24.1 with premature coronary artery diseases in Chinese Han population

Objectives To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） rs2076185 in chromosome 6p24.1 with the premature coronary artery diseases （PCAD） in Chinese Hun population. Methods A total of 1382 patients were divided into the PCAD group and the control group based on their coronary arteriography （CAG） results. Their SNP rs2076185 were analyzed by the mass-spectrometry. Their allele and genotype frequency in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated for assessment. Logistic regression was employed to remove confounding factors and correlate SNP rs2076185 with PCAD. Results The allele and genotype frequencies of the control group were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P 〉 0.05）. The frequencies of allele G of rs2076185 were 54.2% in the PCAD group and 49.5% in the control group. The difference was significant （P = 0.042）. The genotype distribution ofrs2076185 of the two groups was also significantly different. The univariate analysis showed that the rs2076185 polymorphisms were associated with the PCAD only in the additive model （OR： 0.828, 95% CI： 0.711-0.964, P = 0.014）, and in the dominant model （OR： 0.753, 95% CI： 0.591-0.958, P = 0.021）. After removing the confound- ing variables, the rs2076185 polymorphisms was associated with PCAD in the additive model （OR： 0.775, 95% CI： 0.648-0.928, P = 0.005）, in the dominant model （OR： 0.698, 95% CI： 0.527-0.925, P = 0.012）, and in the recessive model （OR： 0.804, 95% CI： 0.538-0.983, P - 0.038）. Conclusion Allele G of rs2076185 reduces the PCAD risks in Chinese Hun population, therefore it could be a coronary artery diseases protective factor in Chinese Hun population.

Quantitative Measurement of Urban Expansion and Its Driving Factors in Qingdao:An Empirical Analysis Based on County Unit Data

Qingdao is one of the essential growth poles in the process of new-type urbanization in Shandong Province. The study on the relationship between urban expansion and driving factors in this area is representative. This paper examined urban expansion from the perspective of non-urban to urban conversion, detailing an empirical investigation into the spatiotemporal variations and impact factors of urban expansion in Qingdao. By using the Urban Expansion Intensity Index （UEII） and Urban Expansion Differentiation Index （UEDI）, the spatial and temporal difference of urban expansion in the Municipal District, Jiaozhou County, Jimo County, Pingdu County, Jiaonan County and Laixi County were calculated on a county unit data set for the period 1990 to 2008. A GIS and logistical regression models were applied for discussing the results of various factors in land use change. Results indicated that the elevation and slope factors showed negative effects to urban expansion. Distance to the city center and to road both also conferred negative effects. The population density and GDP were vital and positive factors of urban conversion. Neighborhood factors showed consistently positive effects. The magnitude of factors was various in different counties. A better understanding of the factors influencing land use change could support land use management and planning decisions.

Aesthetic Perception of Residential Landscapes in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province

The aesthetic perceptions of local residents towards residential landscapes are significant to the protection and sustainable development of regional landscapes, especially in underdeveloped areas with landscape resources of higher aesthetic value. Using Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province as a case study, we conducted questionnaires with 620 local residents and a logistic regression model to determine aesthetic perceptions and factors affecting these perceptions. We found that local residents in Nujiang hold a relatively high perception of their residential landscapes. A majority of respondents, 75.81%, believe their residential landscapes are beautiful. Eight factors were found to influence the aesthetic perception. In direct influential factors, administrative village located in the protected areas and the standard deviation of the elevation around the administrative village have positive influence; distance from administrative village to county town, the ecological environment has changed in recent years, whether tourism development has a negative impact and wish to live in the city have negative influence. In indirect influential factors, both residential house type and have a television at home have positive influence. Based on these results, we discussed relevant policy suggestions to maintain the aesthetic perceptions held by local residents of their residential landscapes and promote the protection and sustainable development of this valuable landscape in Nujiang.

心灵对话(四)——从众或独行,代价高昂的选择

两个正值花季的少年,他们曾经是一个宿舍的同学,虽然这个"同学"之名仅维持了3天。在连续3个夜晚日益升级的施暴与受暴、施虐与受虐的"游戏"之后,前者被缉拿归案、等待法律的审判,后者自杀未遂、笼罩在巨大的心理阴影之中。

Spatiotemporal Differentiation and the Factors Influencing Eco-efficiency in China

Economic development,resource utilization,and environmental protection have always presented clear dilemmas for many countries at the national level.It is clear that the related concepts of eco-efficiency and the evaluation index can help in evaluating these associated issues.Thus,based on the use of undesirable output super Slacks-Based Measure models,this study evaluated the eco-efficiency of 30 Chinese provinces during the period between 2005 and 2016.This evaluation was conducted by analyzing the spatiotemporal dynamics and key factors influencing these changes using a panel regression model.The results of this analysis reveal that eco-efficiency gradually increased over the course of the study period,peaking at different levels among the regions.We used the conventional CV evolutionary method to show that inequalities in eco-efficiency gradually decreased at the national level.Indeed,our estimations of the factors affecting this variable suggest that industrial structure,degree of openness,urbanization,technical innovation,and environmental governance all exert significant positive influences,while energy consumption and traffic exert negative effects.The extent of the impacts of these factors on eco-efficiency varied between the different regions.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals key lnc RNAs associated with ribosomal biogenesis and epidermis differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Objective： In this study, we aimed to expand current knowledge of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma （HNSCC）-associated long noncoding RNAs （IncRNAs）, and to discover potential IncRNA prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC based on next-generation RNA-seq. Methods： RNA-seq data of 546 samples from patients with HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA）, including 43 paired samples of tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue. An integrated analysis incorporating differential expression, weighted gene co-expression networks, functional enrichment, clinical parameters, and survival analysis was conducted to discover HNSCC-associated IncRNAs. The function of CYTOR was verified by cell-based experiments. To further identify IncRNAs with prognostic significance, a multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed. The identified IncRNAs were validated with an independent cohort using clinical feature relevance analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results： We identified nine HNSCC-relevant IncRNAs likely to play pivotal roles in HNSCC onset and development. By functional enrichment analysis, we revealed that CYTOR might participate in the multistep pathological processes of cancer, such as ribosome biogenesis and maintenance of genomic stability. CY-I-OR was identified to be positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, and significantly negatively correlated with overall survival （OS） and disease free survival （DFS） of HNSCC patients. Moreover, CYTOR inhibited cell apoptosis following treatment with the chemotherapeutic drug diamminedichloroplatinum （DDP）. HCG22, the most dramatically down-regulated IncRNA in tumor tissue, may function in epidermis differentiation. It was also significantly associated with several clinical features of patients with HNSCC, and positively correlated with patient survival. CYTOR and HCG22 maintained their prognostic values in- dependent of several clinical features in multivariate Cox hazards analysis. Notably, validation either based on an independent HNSCC cohort or by laboratory experiments confirmed these findings. Conclusions： Our transcriptomic analysis suggested that dysregulation of these HNSCC-associated IncRNAs might be involved in HNSCC oncogenesis and progression. Moreover, CYTOR and HCG22 were confirmed as two independent prognostic factors for HNSCC patient survival, providing new insights into the roles of these IncRNAs in HNSCC as well as clinical applications.