Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe ...Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.展开更多
This article presents, based on field survey and in the consulted literature, the main procedures for fixing of claddings with plates of rocks, adopted in the city of Sao Paulo for buildings and contemporary urban wor...This article presents, based on field survey and in the consulted literature, the main procedures for fixing of claddings with plates of rocks, adopted in the city of Sao Paulo for buildings and contemporary urban works. There was an increase in the quality of these claddings in the last decades due to several factors, such as the adoption of technological innovations in the extraction process of the rocky material and in the productive chain and, also, the use of most modem procedures for projects in which are incorporated new knowledge for better use of the rocky material and reduction of waste, due to greater demands of the market in the sector of omamental stones.展开更多
文摘Orobanche spp. （broomrapes） are holoparasitic plants distributed predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere parasitizing the roots of a range of plant species mainly in wild ecosystems. Orobanche species cause severe yield reduction of many important crops. There are only very few herbicides which are able to selectively control broomrapes and different approaches have been put forward to develop natural product based pesticides to control Orobanche. Several phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for their use as potential mycoherbicide and for ability to produce toxic metabolites which could be applied as herbicides. Using the alternative approach ＂suicidal germination＂, interesting results were obtained by testing two microbial metabolites （fusicoccins and ophiobolin A） especially with Orobanche species whose germination is not induced by the synthetic strigolactone GR24. From pea root exudates, peagol and peagoldione, close related to strigolactones, and three polyphenols, named peapolyphenols A-C, together with already well known polyphenol and a chalcone, were isolated. They showed a selective stimulation of Orobanche seed germination with the last two and peapolyphenol A showing a specific stimulatory activity on O. foetida. This review describes the most recent results achieved on Orobanche bio-control, mainly focusing on those regarding O. ramosa, O. crenata and O. foetida.
文摘This article presents, based on field survey and in the consulted literature, the main procedures for fixing of claddings with plates of rocks, adopted in the city of Sao Paulo for buildings and contemporary urban works. There was an increase in the quality of these claddings in the last decades due to several factors, such as the adoption of technological innovations in the extraction process of the rocky material and in the productive chain and, also, the use of most modem procedures for projects in which are incorporated new knowledge for better use of the rocky material and reduction of waste, due to greater demands of the market in the sector of omamental stones.
