Kant＇s Copernican Revolution

In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant explains his critical method ＂as an experiment＂ in metaphysics. The aim of that ＂experiment＂ is to establish ＂an entire revolution＂ in philosophical thinking, which was initiated by the Copernican revolution in cosmology in order to find the secure path, and its possibility application to metaphysics. Kant＇s aim in Critique of Pure Reason is to rescue metaphysics from a ＂blind groping＂ by undertaking a revolution in metaphysics as Copernicus has brought to cosmology. Kant＇s Copernican turn consists in the assertion that the possibility of knowledge requires that ＂the objects must conform to our cognition.＂ From Kant＇s view, we can know only what we ＂construct,＂ ＂make,＂ or ＂produce＂ as a necessary condition of knowledge, but we cannot know the mind--independent external world, i.e., the world which is independent of us. Kant＇s epistemological constructivism is the central point to his Copernican revolution.

托马斯主义的先验转向——麦利切尔对托马斯主义与康德先验哲学的整合

在19世纪末和20世纪初,因罗马天主教廷的号召和支持而不断出现的新经院哲学本质上是传统托马斯主义的复兴。麦利切尔首创的"先验托马斯主义"是新经院哲学中既引人注目而又倍受争议的一种新思潮,它致力于托马斯主义与康德先验哲学的对话,并努力将两者有机地整合在一起,从而对托马斯主义进行了先验转向之处理。本文在介绍先验托马斯主义产生的历史背景以及麦利切尔对知识论进行的历史检视和方法论反省的基础上,重点阐述麦利切尔在知识论上对托马斯的形上批判与康德的先验批判进行的有机整合。