汉字形体效应说略

汉字在记录汉语的同时，还体现出直接参与"表达"的能动作用。我们可以利用汉字的形貌特征来技巧性地实现一些别有情趣的表达效果，这就是汉字的形体效应，也是一种修辞效应。比如把一个"福"字倒贴在门上，结合谐音，表达出祈望"福到"（倒）的心理愿望，这是将整个汉字的形...

试论汉字的连缀效应

汉字因为其形体上的方块性特征和表义功能 ,在运用中生发出特殊的表达效果 ,连缀效应是其中之一。汉字在空间上连缀成文时可以根据需要作全方位的安排 ,以实现独特的表达效果 ,这便是汉字的连缀效应。它包括序列连缀。

体育教师形体语言在教学中的作用

体育学科的教学有着与其他学科不同的特点,作为语言系统重要组成部分的形体语言,在体育教学过程中提高教学效率、促进师生交流、营造教学环境、树立教师形象等方面起着举足轻重的作用。

Scale effect mechanism on micro rod upsetting deformation analyzed by crystal plasticity model

To analyze the effect of single grain deformation behaviors on microforming process, a crystal plasticity model was developed considering grains at free surface layer as single grains. Based on the rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory, the analysis of the scale effect mechanism on upsetting deformation of micro rods was performed with respect to specimen dimension, original grain orientation and its distribution. The results show that flow stress decreases significantly with the scaling down of the specimen. The distribution of the grain orientation has an evident effect on flow stress of the micro specimen, and the effect becomes smaller with the progress of plastic deformation. For the anisotropy of single grains, inhomogeneous deformation occurs at the surface layer, which leads to the increase of surface roughness, especially for small specimens. The effect of grain anisotropy on the surface topography can be decreased by the transition grains. The simulation results are validated by upsetting deformation experiments. This indicates that the developed model is suitable for the analysis of microforming processes with characteristics, such as scale dependency, scatter of flow stress and inhomogeneous deformation.

Polycrystalline model for FE-simulation of micro forming processes

A new polycrystal model was presented from the viewpoint of polycrystal structure of the billets considering free surface effects.In the model,the billet was divided into three portions,such as free surface portion,transition portion and internal portion.The grains in free surface portion were considered the single grains,and the anisotropy of the grains was taken into account by introducing grain orientation to explain the inhomogeneous deformation.In the transition portion,the effects of the neighbouring grains were adopted in the model.The grains in the internal portion were considered the polycrystalline material.With the developed model,the upsetting deformation process was simulated by the MSC Superform software.The scatter of the flow stress and inhomogeneous deformation was observed by analysis of the model.The comparisons show that the computational results are good agreed with the experimental results.This means that the presented model is effective.

A Novel LDMOS Structure in Thin Film Patterned-SOI Technology with a Silicon Window Beneath p Well

A novel patterned-SOI LDMOS structure with a silicon window beneath the p well is proposed.The performance is simulated numerically.In comparison to SOI counterpart,the off-state and the on-state breakdown voltage can increase by 57% and 70% respectively;transconductance is flatter;I-V curves take no sign of kink in the saturation region;the device temperature is much lower even at high input power;the floating body effect and the self-heating effect are distinctly suppressed.Furthermore,the advantage of low leakage current and low output capacitance in SOI structures does not degrade.The proposed structure will be a promising choice to improve the performance and reliability of SOI power device.

Influence of recovery heating rate on shape memory effect in up-quenched Cu-Al-Mn alloy

The effect of recovery heating rate on shape memory effect of the up-quenched Cu-8.88Al-10.27Mn（mass fraction, %） alloy was investigated by optical microscopy, electron transmission microscopy（TEM） and electrical resistivity measurement. It is found that the shape recovery rate decreases as the heating rate decreases. It can reach 75% when the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, while it is only 8% when the heating rate is 1 ℃/min. In situ microstructure observation indicates that the dependence of shape memory effect on recovery heating rate is caused by the stabilization of twinned martensite induced by deformation. The analysis of electrical resistivity shows that the stabilization of twinned martensite may be ascribed to formation of compound defects of vacancies and dislocations at the boundaries of twinned martensite during the slow heating. The compound defects prevent the reverse transformation of twinned martensite.

从汉字构形演变探析汉字文化内涵

汉字是世界上唯一延用至今的古文字。它不仅是中华民族的共同文字,也是记录中华民族几千年灿烂文化的主要载体。汉字与中华文化相互依存、相互交织的关系决定了汉语学习必须重视文化因素,这也有助于双语教学中汉语言的学习和使用。

Morphology effect of zirconia support on the catalytic performance of supported Ni catalysts for dry reforming of methane

An immature pinecone shaped hierarchically structured zirconia （ZrO2-ipch） and a cobblestone-like zirconia nanoparticulate （ZrO2-cs）, both with the monoclinic phase （m-phase）, were synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method and used as the support for a Ni catalyst for the dry reforming of methane （DRM） with CO2. ZrO2-ipch is a much better support than ZrO2-cs and the traditional ZrO2 irregular particles made by a simple precipitation method （ZrO2-ip）. The supported Ni catalyst on ZrO2-ipch （Ni/ZrO2-ipch） exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and coke-resistant stability compared to the ones on ZrO2-cs （Ni/ZrO2-cs） and ZrO2-ip （Ni/ZrO2-ip）. Ni/ZrO2-ip exhibited the worst catalytic performance. The origin of the significantly enhanced catalytic performance was revealed by characterization including XRD, N2 adsorption measurement （BET）, TEM, H2-TPR, CO chemisorption, CO2-TPD, XPS and TGA. The superior catalytic activity of Ni/ZrO2-ipch to Ni/ZrO2-cs or Ni/ZrO2-ip was ascribed to a higher Ni dispersion, increased reducibility, enhanced oxygen mo- bility, and more basic sites with a higher strength, which were due to the unique hierarchically structural morphology of the ZrO2-ipch support. Ni/ZrO2-ipch exhibited better stability for the DRM reaction than Ni/ZrO2-ip, which was ascribed to its higher resistance to Ni sintering due to a strengthened metal-support interaction and the confinement effect of the mesopores and coke deposition resistance. The higher coking resistance of Ni/ZrO2-ipch for the DRM reaction in comparison with Ni/ZrOz-ip orignated from the coke-removalabitity of the higher amount of lattice oxygen and more basic sites, confirmed by XPS and CO2-TPD analysis, and the stabilized Ni on the Ni/ZrO2-ipch catalyst by the confinement effect of the mesopores of the hierarchical ZrO2-ipch sup- port. The superior catalytic performance and coking resistance of the Ni/ZrO2-ipch catalyst makes it a promising candidate for synthesis gas production from the DRM reaction.

Role of thermal martensite in shape memory effect of CoAl and CoNi alloys

To address the role of the HCP martensite in CoAl and CoNi shape memory alloys, the relationship between the shape memory effect （SME） and the content of the thermal and stress-induced HCP martensite was investigated in the solution-treated CoAl and CoNi alloys. In-situ optical observations were employed to investigate the contents of thermal HCP martensite before and after deep cooling and its influence on the stress-induced HCP martensite transformation and SME. The results show that the SME in both the CoAl and the CoNi alloys results from the stress-induced HCP martensite. The role of the thermal HCP martensite in both of them is the strengthening of the matrix. The much higher yield strength in the solution-treated CoAl alloy due to solution strengthening of Al is responsible for its better SME compared with the CoNi alloy.

基于透明土的静压桩贯入特性的模型试验研究

为了探究不同桩型贯入过程的作用机理和挤土效应,进一步揭示“楔形体”现象,基于透明土可视化模型试验和优化的增量RG-PIV图像处理技术,采用小型试验机加载系统开展了平头桩和圆锥桩的静压贯入试验,并将试验结果与SSPM理论解进行了对比。利用高温染色技术对熔融石英颗粒进行染色处理,进而用染色的颗粒对透明土试样进行部分替换,形象而直观地观测到楔形体的形状和大小。在此基础上,分析了平头桩和圆锥桩贯入过程对周围土体扰动的模式。结果表明:平头桩贯入对周围土体的变形影响大于圆锥桩;由于未考虑桩土之间的摩擦,SSPM对于近桩侧的土体变形预测有一定的局限性;对于浅基础贯入问题,桩周土的变形主要表现为向上隆起;两种桩型不同贯入机理的主要原因是平头桩底部的楔形体效应。

High Performance Ring Oscillators from 10-nm Wide Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors

We explore 10-nm wide Si nanowire （SiNW） field-effect transistors （FETs） for logic applications, via the fabrication and testing of SiNW-based ring oscillators. We report on SiNW surface treatments and dielectric annealing, for producing SiNW FETs that exhibit high performance in terms of large on/off-state current ratio （-10s）, low drain-induced barrier lowering （-30 mV） and low subthreshold swing （-80 mV/decade）. The performance of inverter and ring-oscillator circuits fabricated from these nanowire FETs are also explored. The inverter demonstrates the highest voltage gain （-148） reported for a SiNW-based NOT gate, and the ring oscillator exhibits near rail-to-rail oscillation centered at 13.4 MHz. The static and dynamic characteristics of these NW devices indicate that these SiNW-based FET circuits are excellent candidates for various high-performance nanoelectronic applications.

Advances in organic micro/nanocrystals with tunable physicochemical properties

Organic micro/nanocrystals based on small organic molecules have drawn extensive attention due to their potential application in organic field-effect transistors,electrochemical sensors,solar cells,etc.Herein,the recent advances for organic micro/nanocrystals from the perspective of molecule aggregation mode,morphology modulation,and optical property modulation are reviewed.The stacking mode and the intermolecular interaction depend on the molecular structure,which eventually determines the morphology of organic micro/nanocrystals.The morphologies of the organic micro/nanocrystals make the aggregates exhibit photon confinement or light-guiding properties as organic miniaturized optoelectronic devices.In this review,we conclude with a summary and put forward our perspective on the current challenges and the future development of morphology and optical tunable direction for the organic micro/nanocrystals.

An approach to calculate surface effects of polyhedron nanocrystals and its application in silicon nanowires

A stretch-release strategy is proposed to analyze the problem of surface energy-induced stress fields in nanocrystals,which is resolved into a stretch sub-problem and a release sub-problem using the superposition principle.The surface effect of silicon nanowires with hexagonal cross-sections is analyzed by the proposed method.The severe stress concentration near the triple junctions of the wire surfaces and the large shear stress on the plane{111}is quantified,which provides a solid mechanical explanation for the kink phenomena in growth transition from direction〈111〉to〈112〉observed in experiments.Different from the conventional view of negligible surface effect for bulk material,we found that there exists a size-independent part of the surface effect on the stress in the order of tens or hundreds of mega Pascal,which corresponds to the stretch-induced biaxial stress in the surface layer and the shape influence of the geometry of nanocrystals.This size-independent part could well explain the size-independent kinking phenomenon during the growth of silicon nanowires.

Composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni_2MnGa based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Ni2MnGa based ferromagnetic alloys are ideal candidates for applications such as actuators, magnetic refrigerators or magne-tostrictive transducers due to their attractive properties such as magnetic field induced shape memory effect and large magnetocaloric effect. The properties of these alloys （e.g., the martensitic transformation temperature TM） sensitively depend on the composition. Understanding the composition dependence of these properties so as to design the alloy as desired is one of the main research topics in this area. In recent years, we have investigated the composition dependent elastic modulus and phase stability of Ni2MnGa-based alloys by using a first-principles method, in hope of clarifying their connection to the properties of these alloys. In this article, we review the main results of our investigations. We show that the tetragonal shear modulus C＇ is a better predictor of the composition dependent TM than the number of valence electrons per atom （e/a） since the general TM-C＇ correlation works for some of the alloys for which the TM-ela correlation fails, although there exist several cases for which both the general TM-C＇ and TM-ela correlations break down. Employing the experimentally determined modulation function, the complex 5-layer modulated （5M） structure of the martensite of Ni2MnGa and the Al-doping effect on it are studied. We find that the shuffle and shear of the 5M structure are linearly coupled. The relative stability of the austenite and the marten- sites is examined by comparing their total energies. The non-modulated martensite β＇″ with the tetragonality of the unit cell c/a〉1 is shown to be globally stable whereas the 5M martensite with c/a〈1 is metastable. The critical Al atomic fraction over which the martensitic transformation between the 5M martensite and austenite cannot occur is predicted to be 0.26, in reason- able agreement with experimental findings.