铝合金形体物倍受青睐

铝合金形体物以其轻便于移动、质软易于加工成型,还有耐腐蚀、外表光洁、手感好、造价低廉、放置于室内室外皆宜等诸多优点,而倍受人们的青睐,成为时下各类环境装饰和点缀物中的主流。铝合金形体物加工工艺特点是,小型简单件采用整体结构,大件或外形复杂件采用组焊结构。

物、财产、财产权之辨析

两大法系关于“财产”有多种不同观点,但它们的共同点在于均指涉“非人身利益”。权利的本质就是受法律保护的利益,因而“财产”的实质就是财产权而非财产权客体。由于有形物具备普通人易于理解的直观性以及罗马法上对“物”的不适当分类,“财产”与“物”存在着混淆,应当予以澄清。

从生物化学的角度看担子菌子实体形成

总结了从生物化学的角度看待担子菌子实体形成的研究进展。通过以金针菇为模型的RI示踪实验,解析了菌丝体中积蓄的糖原作为营养成长过程中的主要贮藏碳水化合物、随着子实体形成的开始而被分解、被转换为海藻糖后输送到子实体、并作为主要发育基质被利用。笔者率先发现了存在于海藻糖的合成与分解代谢中的新酶—海藻糖磷酸化酶(TP),接着,在几种食用菌的生化反应中证明了此酶存在并通过基因克隆方法发现此酶在子实体形成中的作用—在营养菌丝体中以糖原为基质催化加磷酸反应,形成α-G1P海藻糖,当海藻糖输送到子实体,借助该酶的加磷酸分解功能生成α-G1P葡萄糖,而葡萄糖作为子实体发育中的主要糖代谢基质而被加以利用。了解了营养菌丝从培养基中吸收的葡萄糖基本上不能从菌丝体输送到子实体。通过基因实验,检证了TP在营养菌丝体中对催化海藻糖的合成作用。另一方面,该酶还具有加磷酸分解从菌丝体输送到子实体的海藻糖的生理功能,伴随子实体发育的细胞内磷酸糖类分析证明了α-G1P(α-1磷酸葡萄糖)的含量比α-G6P(α-6磷酸葡萄糖)更多。另外,从子实体形成过程中氮化合物代谢分析表明,营养菌丝的菌体蛋白为形成子实体的主要氮素来源,当生殖生长启动时被菌丝体内的蛋白酶分解,形成的氨基酸输送到子实体并被用于子实体发育。通过这些研究的累积,已大致了解了碳素和氮素在子实体形成过程中的动态,但是,从营养生长转换到子实体形成的机制却至今仍不明了。

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF METARRHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE IN BIOTRANSFORMATION OF STEROID

The fermentation with mold metarrhizium anisopliae has been carried out to determine the relationship between mycelial morphology and growth.Like the biomass concentration,the mycelial morphology seems to be coupled to growth phases:the fractal dimension,a feature calculated from the morphological images,increases during the late lag phase and the early exponential phase,and culminates at a value near 2.4 at half of the exponential phase.This can be attributed to the marked change of rough and smooth pellet proportions during growth and the change can be well expressed by the fractal analysis of mycelial morphology.The mycelial morphology is also strongly related to the biotransformation activity:a mycelial sample was withdrawn from the culture to use for fractal analysis before the steroid substrate (16α,17α epoxy 4 pregnene 3,20 dione) was added;the higher fractal dimension corresponds to the higher conversion rate of steroid biotransformation.And the maximum of fractal dimension appeared prior to the maximum of biomass concentration.It is therefore possible to utilize the fractal dimension curve to supervise the fermentation process more timely and availably than to use the conventional biomass curve to do.

Calculations of rock matrix modulus based on a linear regression relation

The rock matrix bulk modulus or its inverse, the compressive coefficient, is an important input parameter for fluid substitution by the Biot-Gassmann equation in reservoir prediction. However, it is not easy to accurately estimate the bulk modulus by using conventional methods. In this paper, we present a new linear regression equation for calculating the parameter. In order to get this equation, we first derive a simplified Gassmann equation by using a reasonable assumption in which the compressive coefficient of the saturated pore fluid is much greater than the rock matrix, and, second, we use the Eshelby- Walsh relation to replace the equivalent modulus of a dry rock in the Gassmann equation. Results from the rock physics analysis of rock sample from a carbonate area show that rock matrix compressive coefficients calculated with water-saturated and dry rock samples using the linear regression method are very close （their error is less than 1%）. This means the new method is accurate and reliable.

LOCALIZATION OF OBJECT (SPINE) IN MEDICAL IMAGE USING ACTIVE SHAPE MODELS

Active shape models (ASM), consisting of a shape model and a local gray-level appearance model, can be used to locate the objects in images. In original ASM scheme, the model of object′s gray-level variations is based on the assumption of one-dimensional sampling and searching method. In this work a new way to model the gray-level appearance of the objects is explored, using a two-dimensional sampling and searching technique in a rectangular area around each landmark of object shape. The ASM based on this improvement is compared with the original ASM on an identical medical image set for task of spine localization. Experiments demonstrate that the method produces significantly fast, effective, accurate results for spine localization in medical images.

Part-level 3-D object classification with improved interpretation tree

For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.

Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Three Species on Pollen Grain Morphology and Leaf Epiderm Shape in Gramineae Triticeae

The pollen grain morphology and leaf epiderm shape and microstructural of Rye（ Secale cereal ）, common wheat and Octoploid Trititrigia were observed with the scanning electron microscope（SEM）. The results revealed that there were great differences between pollen and leaf epiderm microcosmic morphology in three species. Such characteristics of Octoploid tnticalwere between those of common wheat and Rye. The morphology of pollen grain and leaf epiderm shape counld be used as an index for taxonomy for genera and species, and had somewhat scientif- ic references to identify new multiploid species created by chromosome engineering.

Selective synthesis and shape-dependent photoluminescence properties of (Y_(0.95)Eu_(0.05))_2O_3 submicron spheres and microplates

Red-emission （Y0.95Eu0.05）2O3 submicron spheres and microplates were selectively obtained via hydrothermal precursor synthesis （150 °C, 12 h） followed by calcination at 1000 °C. Characterizations of the products were carried out by combined means of XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and PL analysis. The precursors could be modulated from basic-carbonate submicron spheres to normal carbonate microplates by increasing the molar ratio of urea to Y＋Eu from 10 to 40-100. The resultant oxides largely retain their respective precursor morphologies at 1000 °C, but morphology confined crystal growth was observed for the microplates, yielding more enhanced exposure of the （400） facets. Both the （Y0.95Eu0.05）2O3 spheres and microplates exhibit nearly identical positions of the PL bands and similar asymmetry factors of luminescence [I（5D0→7F2）/I（5D0→7F1）, ～11] under 250 nm excitation, but the microplates show a significantly strong red emission at ～613 nm （ ～1.33 times that of the spheres） owing to their larger particle size and denser packing of primary phosphor crystallites.

Biological role of surface Toxoplasma gondii antigen in development of vaccine

AIM： To analyze the biological role of the surface antigen of Toxoplasma gondii（Tgondii） in development of vaccine. METHODS： The surface antigen of Tgondii （SAG1） was expressed in vitro. The immune response of the host to the antigen was investigated by detection of specific antibody reaction to SAG1 and production of cytokines. Mice were immunized with recombinant SAG1 and challenged with lethal strain of Tgondii RH. The monoclonal antibody to r-SAG1 was prepared and used to study the effects of SAG1 on Tgondii tachyzoites under electromicroscope. RESULTS： The mice immunized with recombinant SAG1 delayed death for 60 h compared to the control group. The recombinant SAG1 induced specific high titer of IgG and IgM antibodies as well as IFN-y, IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines in mice. In contrast, IL-12, IL-6 and TNF-α were undetectable. When T gondii tachyzoites were treated with the monoclonal antibody to r-SAG1, the parasites were gathered together, destroyed, deformed, swollen, and holes and gaps formed on the surface. CONCLUSION： SAG1 may be an excellent vaccine candidate against T gondii. The immune protection induced by SAG1 against Tgondii may be regulated by both hormone- and cell-mediated immune response.

2-D IMAGE-BASED VOLUMETRIC MODELING FOR PARTICLE OF RANDOM SHAPE

In this paper, an approach to predicting randomly-shaped particle volume based on its two- Dimensional （2-D） digital image is explored. Conversion of gray-scale image of the particles to its binary counterpart is first performed using backlighting technique. The silhouette of particle is thus obtained, and consequently, informative features such as particle area, centroid and shape-related descriptors are collected. Several dimensionless parameters are defined, and used as regressor variables in a multiple linear regression model to predict particle volume. Regressor coefficients are found by fitting to a randomly selected sample of 501 panicles ranging in size from 4.75mm to 25ram. The model testing experiment is conducted against a different aggregate sample of the similar statistical properties, the errors of the model-predicted volume of the batch is within ±2%.

Formation and Water Stability of Aggregates in Red Soils as Affected by Organic Matter

The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.

Influence of Pore Size,Salinity and Gas Composition upon the Hydrate Formation Conditions

An experimental device was set up to study the hydrate formation conditions.Effects of pore size,salinity,and gas composition on the formation and dissociation of hydrates were investigated.The result indicates that the induction time for the formation of hydrates in porous media is shorter than that in pure water.The decrease in pore size,by decreasing the size of glass beads,increases the equilibrium pressure when the salinity and temperature are kept constant.In addition,higher salinity causes higher equilibrium pressure when the pore size and temperature are kept constant.It is found that the effects of pore size and salinity on the hydrate equilibrium are quite different.At lower methane concentration,the hydrate equilibrium is achieved at lower pressure and higher temperature.

Influence of sulfur addition/solids content ratio on removal of heavy metals from mine tailings by bioleaching

The effect of sulfur addition/solids content(SA/SC)ratio on heavy metals(e.g.copper,zinc and lead)obtained from mine tailings by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was studied,and the changes in the chemical forms of heavy metals after bioleaching were explored.The results show that the solubilization of metals is significantly influenced by SA/SC ratio,and SA/SC ratio of 2.50 is found to be the best for bacterial activity and metal solubilization among six SA/SC ratios tested(such as 1.00,1.33,1.50,1.67,2.00 and 2.50)under the chosen experimental conditions.The pH decreases fast and the maximum solubilizations of copper and zinc are respectively 81.76% and 84.35% while that of lead only reaches 40.36%.After bioleaching,the chemical forms of heavy metals have changed.The metals remained in mine tailings are mainly found in residual fractions,which is harmless to the surrounding environment.

Preparation of tetrapod-like ZnO whiskers from waste hot dipping zinc

Large and uniform tetrapod-like ZnO whiskers （T-ZnO） were prepared from waste hot dipping zinc by vapor oxidation and examined by means of X-ray diffraction and ICP-AES analysis and scanning electron microscope. The products are pure hexagonal wurtzite crystals with tetrapod shape and edge size of center body 56 μm and needle length of 100130 μm. The size and shape of ZnO particles are fully controlled by the growth conditions and T-ZnO can be obtained only at 8501 000 ℃ and total gas flow rate ranging from 40 to 250 L·h-1 in which the size of the T-ZnO particles varies slightly with temperature. The process of the formation of T-ZnO is that T-ZnO may nucleate at the initial stage with a complete tetrapod shape and develop to the large size, but not the process of （preferential） growth of octahedral nuclei and subsequent growth of the needles. The experiment presents a new method to prepare T-ZnO economically by using the waste hot dipping zinc.

Incidence of toxoplasmosis in patients with cirrhosis

AIM:It is known that toxoplasmosis rarely leads to various liver pathologies,most common of which is granulomatose hepatitis in patients having normal immune systems.Patients who have cirrhosis of the liver are subject to a variety of cellular as well as humoral immunity disorders.Therefore,it may be considered that toxoplasmosis can cause more frequent and more severe diseases in patients with cirrhosis and is capable of changing the course of the disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of toxoplasmosis in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS:Serum samples were taken from 108 patients with cirrhosis under observation in the Hepatology Polyclinic of the Gastroenterology Clinic,and a control group made up of 50 healthy blood donors.IFAT and ELISA methods were used to investigate the IgG and IgM antibodies,which had developed from these sera. RESULTS:Toxoplasma IgG and IgN antibody positivity was found in 74 (68.5%) of the 108 cirrhotic patients and 24 (48%) of the 50 people in the control group.The difference between them was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:In conclusion,it was found that the toxopiasma sero-prevalence in the cirrhotic patients in this study was higher.Cirrhotic patients are likely to form a toxoplasma risk group.More detailed studies are needed on this subject.

Effect of ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ on the biological characters of hepatic stellate cells

AIM： To study the effect of rosiglitazone, which is a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy）, on the expression of PPARy in hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） and on the biological characteristics of HSCs. METHODS： The activated HSCs were divided into three groups： control group, 3 μmol/L rosiglitazone group, and 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group. The expression of PPARγ, α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen was detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined with methylthiazolyltetrazolium （MTT） colodmetric assay. Cell apoptosis was demonstrated with flow cytometry. RESULTS： The expression of PPARγ at mRNA and protein level markedly increased in HSCs of 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group （tvalue was 10.870 and 4.627 respectively, P〈0.01 in both）. The proliferation of HSCs in 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group decreased significantly （t = 5.542, P〈0.01）, α-SMA expression level and type Ⅰ collagen synthesis ability were also reduced VS controls （tvalue = 10.256 and 14.627 respectively, P〈0.01 in both）. The apoptotic rate of HSCs significantly increased in 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group vs control （X^2= 16.682, P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION： By increasing expression of PPARγ in activated HSCs, rosiglitazone, an agonist of PPARγ, decreases α-SNA expression and type Ⅰ collagen synthesis, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis.

Crystals of suspended marine barite in the eastern equatorial Pacific:processes of dissolution and effects on crystal morphology

Suspended particulate substances were sampled in the eastem equatorial Pacific in water column from surface to near bottom in five stations in 2005, from which 868 barite crystals were recovered. The barite crystals were examined under scanning electron microscopy. About 61% of the total barites crystals contained detectable Sr by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Barite crystals could be classified into four groups based on their morphology： 1） bladed; 2） ovoid or rounded; 3） arrow-like; and 4） irregularly shaped. The arrow-like barite crystals in natural environment has never been reported before. In addition, about a half of the studied crystals showed features of dissolution as cavities or holes inside of the crystals or around their edges. We found that differential dissolution of barite crystals is consequence of heterogeneous Sr distribution in barite crystals. Our results would help in understanding the biogeochemical processes of marine barite formation and preservation in seawater and marine sediments.

Measuring the Object Deformation by Real Time Holographic Interferometry with Automatically Calculating Hologram

Used Ar + laser as a light source,BSO(Bi 12 SiO 20 ) crystal as a hologram recording material,CCD camera as a detector,and a holographic setup controlled by a computer,we have realized real time holographic interferometry in terms of 3-interfe-rogram method.The deformation of a plate is measured under a pressure.

Area-wide Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Dairy Animals from the Khartoum State, Sudan

Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of reproductive failure in man and farm animals resulting in significant socio-economic losses worldwide. The aim of this study was to avail large scale data-regarding the sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Khartoum State, Sudan using the commercially available Latex Agglutination Diagnostic kits. The study revealed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection at herd level of dairy animals in the State was 92.7%. The within herd seroprevalence was ranging from 8% up to 100% with mean of 51.3% in different herds of different dairy animals species in the State. Only 6 herds, 3 herds, 3 herds and 1 herd of cattle, camel sheep and goat respectively were found to be clean from anti-T, gondii antibody in the present study. Interestingly, most of the clean herds （12 herds） are located in the Khartoum district. The differences between the three districts, the seven localities and the four animal species were statistically highly significant （P 〈 0.01）. The overall sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals--at individual level--was 45.3%. Sheep scored the highest seroprevalence rate （75.0%） followed by goats （64.0%）, camels （54.1%） and cattle （40.9%） with high statistically significant differences （P 〈 0.01）. The highest level of antibody titration was reported in sheep and goats. This is the first area-wide and large scale report on seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dairy animals from the Sudan. It was concluded that dairy animals in the Sudan are widely exposed to T. gondii and people in the Sudan should be aware of the possibility of hyper-prevalence of human toxoplasmosis through these food animals. Research on clinical toxoplasmosis in dairy animals and human in the Sudan is recommended to evaluate the role T. gondii infection in economical losses in dairy farm industry and for building strategy of sustainable toxoplasmosis control.