耦合无网格迦辽金与质点弹簧实现软组织形变仿真

软组织形变仿真是虚拟手术系统的关键技术.针对目前软组织形变仿真方法存在的问题,基于黏弹性力学模型提出了无网格伽辽金(EFG)与质点弹簧(MS)耦合的软组织形变仿真方法.在手术区域即大变形和拓扑改变区域采用EFG,其他区域采用MS方法,2个区域之间建立过渡单元;在过渡单元内建立过渡节点,根据过渡节点必须满足位移和力平衡条件来实现2个区域的无缝耦合.对人体肝脏的形变仿真实验结果表明,该方法是有效的.

一种基于质点弹簧模型的牙龈软组织形变仿真算法

在虚拟手术系统中,软组织形变仿真的好坏会直接影响其仿真的真实感。本文以口腔手术涉及的牙龈软组织为对象,应用质点弹簧模型建立其物理模型,提出一种适用于虚拟手术中牙龈形变仿真的中点平均算法。融合了中点法和平均法的优点,采用中点法对速度进行迭代求解,采用平均法对位移进行求解,能够有效减小误差及受步长的影响。通过与多种欧拉算法对比,进一步验证了中点平均算法求解精度更高、受步长的影响更小的优点。

基于触觉反馈的软组织形变仿真

目的本文以触觉反馈设备phantom为硬件基础,通过触觉渲染库OpenHaptics、图形库OpenGL和C++的混合编程构建基于触觉反馈的软组织形变系统。建立了读取OBJ格式图形文件的数据接口,赋予模型质点弹簧的物理意义,建立弹簧-阻尼器模型的力反馈算法,最后进行形变仿真实验。

虚拟肝脏重建与形变切割仿真

针对肝脏虚拟手术仿真对仿真场景逼真性、形变和切割仿真实时性的要求,提出虚拟体包络技术、基于解剖结构的边界条件设置以及双体素网格3种创新方法,根据肝脏的解剖结构重建肝脏仿真模型。对于肝脏模型外以面模型形式存在的管道模型,将其镶嵌在虚拟包络体模型中以实现形变和切割仿真。通过对肝脏表面解剖结构的分析,以及对肝脏约束形式进行合理简化,在肝脏韧带结构上设置边界限制标志。双体素网格方法在两层尺度不同的体素网格上重建肝脏仿真模型:原始模型表面在精细体素网格中重建,而切割面则在粗糙体素网格中构造,以此减少形变和切割仿真的计算量。仿真结果表明所用方法能在保持肝脏形变和切割仿真的真实感前提下提高仿真的运行速度。

基于隐式积分的树叶形变快速仿真

针对秋天树叶形变过程的仿真问题,在双层质点-弹簧模型的基础上,提出一种半过程半物理的树叶形变快速仿真算法.由于同时调节叶肉和叶脉弹簧系数会使得树叶形变不易控制,因此对叶脉和叶肉分开进行模拟:为叶脉设计一种目标形态,叶脉形变序列的中间形态可以通过对初态和终态的插值得到,叶肉会在叶脉形变引发的弹簧力的牵引下发生相应的形变,质点-弹簧系统会在阻尼的作用下趋于稳定,上述过程是一个不断循环迭代的过程;针对显式积分求解器求解时间过长和不稳定的缺点,采用大时间步长的隐式积分求解器以显著地提高系统的稳定性和求解效率.算法分析和实验结果表明,该算法可以稳定、快速、逼真地模拟秋天树叶老化过程中几何形态的变化过程.

快速可编辑的形变体仿真方法研究

形变体是基于物理的仿真方法中非常重要的研究对象,形变体的仿真效果依赖于形变体材质,其效率决定于求解大型线性方程组的维度。分析目前形变体仿真存在的问题和挑战,从材质模型的编辑方法到形变效率提升方法进行了梳理,提供了一个构建不同分辨率模型的简单离散化方法,并总结了形变体仿真未来发展的思路。

基于改进弹簧-质点模型的柔性绳索仿真

针对虚拟吊装训练系统中柔性绳索模拟仿真时存在的实时性、逼真程度较差等问题,基于物理建模提出了一种蜂窝状弹簧-质点模型应用于绳索形变仿真.该模型依据绳索细长、柔韧等特点,将传统正方形弹簧质点网格改进为蜂窝状弹簧-质点模型,其由多簇六边形立柱状弹簧-质点包围而成,绳索各部分质量均匀分布,质点间设置4种弹簧模拟绳索内部弯曲、扭转、拉伸等形变特性;为加快求解速度同时保证精度要求,使用改进的Verlet-梯形预测-校正法对数值计算进行求解.仿真结果表明,文中模型是可行的;数值计算结果表明,Verlet-梯形预测-校正法在效率、精度方面均优于其他数值计算方法.

一种基于弹簧振子模型的颅面软组织仿真算法

软组织仿真研究是利用计算机技术对真实软组织进行模拟以便研究,为医学工作者提供辅助和帮助科研工作者更好地进行虚拟手术。这方面的研究在国外已经较为普及,在国内尚处于起步阶段。软组织仿真算法已有多种成熟模型,其中较为代表性的有弹簧振子模型(MSS)和有限元模型(FEM)。在参阅了前人的研究基础上,选取了弹簧振子模型作为软组织仿真的物理形变模型,并对仿真算法进行编码和仿真实验,进而对实验效果进行分析,并提出改进之处。实验发现基于弹簧振子模型的软组织较好地实现了形变仿真的效果。

融合位置动力学的物理建模优化方法研究

为了满足物理建模的真实性和实时性要求,本文提出了一种基于虚拟手术系统中软组织形变仿真方法.该方法将弹簧力、系统外力与位置动力学的约束函数产生的约束力相结合,在位置动力学的基础上加入了改进的三参量质点弹簧模型,在弹力计算中引入了软组织的非线性、粘弹性,并参与约束投影过程,与位置动力学约束力的合力修正质点运动.该方法既考虑了软组织作为有机高聚物的粘弹性、非线性、不可压缩性等生物力学特性,同时又保留了位置的动力学方法的快速性及稳定性.通过仿真数据,得到改进的三参量模型中四面体网格划分的最佳边长,证明了该模型的蠕变和松弛特性.利用Geomagic Touch力反馈设备完成肝脏等器官的实时模拟,证明了此方法的实用性和有效性.

基于虚拟现实技术的膝关节微创手术规培系统的研发

目的:基于虚拟现实(VR)技术的膝关节微创手术规培系统是专门用于初学者了解膝关节腔内组织结构,并熟练掌握膝关节微创手术全过程的虚拟现实培训平台。方法:其主要模块包括医学数据的可视化、膝关节腔内组织动态模型、膝关节腔内组织器官的应力形变仿真、模拟微创手术案例展示、力反馈和传感器应用、高速图形显示与图像处理等。结果:VR技术可以通过计算机仿真模拟膝关节微创手术培训过程,系统达到了设计目标。结论:系统为初学者熟练掌握膝关节微创手术技能,提供了良好的培训平台,同时也为我国医学教育技术创新与进步起到了抛砖引玉的作用。

基于自适应混合肝脏模型的建立

基于黏弹性力学模型,建立一种自适应无网格迦辽金与广义表面网格混合模型。手术区采用自适应无网格迦辽金法,非手术区采用广义表面网格法,在手术区域和非手术区域之间建立过渡区域,过渡结点满足力和位移的平衡,以实现两个区域的无缝耦合。基于此模型,对人体肝脏进行形变仿真实验。实验表明,该模型在与无网格迦辽金模型形变状况相同的前提下,单步执行时间由17.4 ms降低到12.9 ms,帧频由57.47帧/s提高到77.52帧/s。该模型继承了无网格迦辽金模型的优点,同时提高了模型的实时性。

Simulation and analysis on seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea

The CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) data collected by six China-Korea joint cruises during 1996-1998 and the climatological data suggest that the seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea (Sa) presents a general sinusoid pattern. To study the mechanism of the variability, annual cycles of Sa were simulated and a theoretical analysis based on the governing equations was reported.Three main factors are responsible for the variability: the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the Changji-ang (Yangtze) River diluted water (YRDW) and the evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). From December to the next May, the variability of Sa is mainly controlled by the salt transportation of the YSWC. But in early July, the YSWC is overtaken and replaced by the YRDW which then becomes the most important controller in summer. From late September to November, the E-P gradually took the lead. The mass exchange north of the 37癗 line is not significant.

Constitutive modeling and springback simulation for 2524 aluminum alloy in creep age forming

The constitutive modeling and springback simulation for AA2524 sheet in creep age forming（CAF） process were presented.A series of creep aging tests were performed on AA2524 at the temperature of 180-200 °C and under the stress of 140-210 MPa for 16 h.Based on these experimental data,material constitutive equations which can well characterize creep aging behaviors of the tested alloy were developed.The effect of interior stress distributed along the sheet thickness on springback was simulated using FE software MSC.MARC by compiling the established constitutive models into the user subroutine.The simulation results showed that the amount of sheet springback was 61.12% when merely considering tensile stress existing along the sheet thickness;while sheet springback was up to 65.93% when taking both tensile and compressive stresses into account.In addition,an AA2524 rectangular sheet was subjected to CAF experiment in resistance furnace.The springback value of the formed rectangular sheet was 68.2%,which was much closer to 65.93%.This confirms that both tensile and compressive stresses across the sheet thickness should be considered in accurately predicting springback of the sheet after forming,which can be more consistent with experimental results.

Numerical and physical simulation of new SPD method combining extrusion and equal channel angular pressing for AZ31 magnesium alloy

A new serve plastic deformation(SPD) including initial forward extrusion and subsequent shearing process(ES) was proposed.The influence of the ES forming on the grain refinement of the microstructure was researched.The components of ES forming die were manufactured and installed to Gleeble1500D thermo-mechanical simulator.The microstructure observations were carried out on the as-extruded rods(as-received) and ES formed rods.From the simulation results,ES forming can increase the cumulative strain enormously and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization.From the physical modeling results,the microstructures can be refined.

Numerical simulation analysis for deformation deviation and experimental verification for an antenna thin-wall parts considering riveting assembly with finite element method

In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.

FEM model for real-time guide wire simulation in vasculature

A model suitable for describing the mechanical response of thin elastic objects is proposed to simulate the deformation of guide wires in minimally invasive interventions. The main objective of this simulation is to provide doctors an opportunity to rehearse the surgery and select an optimal operation plan before the real surgery. In this model the guide wire is discretized with the multi-body representation and its elastic energy derivate from elastic theory is a polynomial function of the nodal displacements. The vascular structure is represented by a tetrahedron mesh extended from the triangular mesh of the artery, which can be extracted from the patient＇s CT image data. The model applies the energy decline process of the conjugate gradient method to the deformation simulation of the guide wire. Experimental results show that the polynomial relationship between elastic energy and nodal displacements tremendously simplifies the evaluation of the conjugate gradient method and significantly improves the model＇s efficiency. Compared with models depending on an explicit scheme for evaluation, the new model is not only non-conditionally stable but also more efficient. The model can be applied to the real-time simulation of guide wire in a vascular structure.

Influence of heat treatment conditions on bending characteristics of 6063 aluminum alloy sheets

Bending deformation behaviors of solution treated(ST),natural aged(NA)and T6tempered6063aluminum alloy sheetswere studied by three-point bending tests.The changes of bending force,interior angle,bending radius and sheet thickness in thefillet region were analyzed by experimental measurements and numerical simulations.The results showed that the bendingcharacteristics were strongly dependent on the heat treatment conditions.The T6alloy sheets were bent more sharply and localplastic deformation occurred severely in the fillet region.However,the ST and NA alloy sheets exhibited relatively uniform bendingdeformation and large bending radius.The bending force of T6alloy was the highest,followed by the NA alloy and that of the STalloy was minimum.After unloading,as compared with the ST and NA alloys,the springback of T6alloys was markedly larger.Theaging time showed a positive sensitivity on the springback and non-uniform bending deformability.The bending characteristics areattributed to the combined effects of yield strength,yield ratio and coefficient of neutral layer.

Crustal Deformation Background Simulation of the Kekexili M_S8.1 Earthquake Happening in 2001

Using the GPS velocity data from 27 stations around the Eastern Kunlun fault as constraints, we first invert the slip velocities of the Eastern Kuniun fault, the north boundary fault of the Qaidam basin, the Mani-Yushu fault and the Margai Caka fault before the Kekexili Ms 8.1 earthquake with a 3-D elastic half-space dislocation model. The deformation field calculated from the slip movement of these faults can be considered the deformation background field of the earthquake. Based on the deformation background field with tectonic implications, we have obtained the strain field and earthquake moment accumulation field. The results show that there are two obvious high moment accumulation rate regions, one of which is the Dongdatan- Xidatan segment of the Eastern Kuniun fault where the Ms8.1 earthquake occurred in 2001.

面向柔软样品的AFM纳米操作可视化系统

在对细胞、生物大分子等柔软样品进行纳米操作时,原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)面临缺乏实时视觉反馈的问题.为此,搭建了一套面向柔软样品的AFM纳米操作可视化系统.具体而言,首先建立了AFM形貌图像坐标系到虚拟场景坐标系之间的映射关系,从而得到虚拟场景中样品的顶点信息,进而通过3维图形引擎渲染样品的虚拟形貌.在此基础上,提出了一种基于接触力学理论的样品形变估计和仿真方法,对探针按压导致的样品形变进行了虚拟视觉反馈,从而使得刻画的虚拟形貌能够和样品的真实形貌保持一致,并准确地还原按压过程中样品表面的形貌变化.仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的纳米操作可视化系统能够在虚拟场景中实时呈现AFM纳米操作过程.

Rogue Waves of the Higher-Order Dispersive Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation

In this paper,the rogue waves of the higher-order dispersive nonlinear Schrdinger(HDNLS) equation are investigated,which describes the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibers.The rogue wave solutions of HDNLS equation are constructed by using the modified Darboux transformation method.The explicit first and secondorder rogue wave solutions are presented under the plane wave seeding solution background.The nonlinear dynamics and properties of rogue waves are discussed by analyzing the obtained rational solutions.The influence of little perturbation on the rogue waves is discussed with the help of graphical simulation.