多传感器集成的体视化形变监测模型研究

采用地面合成孔径雷达干涉测量(GB-SAR)、三维激光扫描、数码相机、GNSS和无线传感器网络等多种传感器集成技术,设计集成角反射器、紧凑有源转发器、GNSS接收机天线和物理传感器的专用目标特征点装置,将其布设在监测对象表面,自动获取监测对象的空间信息和内部物理状态信息,对GB-SAR雷达干涉测量数据算法进行探讨,在此基础上研究地基雷达干涉影像,将监测对象表面三维模型和内部物理状态模型进行融合,建立体视化形变监测模型的算法,从而实现在模型上对任意兴趣点形变信息进行自动提取和分析。

地基SAR形变监测误差分析与实验

地基SAR(Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar,GB-SAR)是进行区域性、全天时、全天候、定点连续形变监测的重要手段。该文对中国科学院电子学研究所研制的地基SAR系统ASTRO(Advanced Scannable Two-dimensional Rail Observation system)的形变监测性能进行分析,结合ASTRO系统成像几何给出了其形变监测模型和精度分析模型,着重分析了影响形变监测精度的主要误差源。最后以ASTRO系统为实验平台开展了形变监测实验与分析,验证了ASTRO系统用于形变监测的能力。

基于云模型的土遗址形变判定

形变是导致土遗址垮塌和毁坏的直接原因,因此需要对遗址形变进行监测和预警.传统的形变监测方法由于其入侵性和不可持续性,不适合用于土遗址形变监测.拟采用无线传感器网络(WSN)技术对土遗址形变进行监测和分析、预警.通过分析WSN节点RSSI值的特性,提出了一种土遗址形变监测模型,采用基于RSSI值的云模型对监测数据进行测算,以判定土遗址形变状态.通过对仿真及模拟试验结果的分析,证明该形变监测模型和云模型能够实现对土遗址形变的识别,为进一步的研究工作奠定了基础.

Similar Single-Difference Model and Its Algorithm for Solving GPS Monitoring Deformation Directly at Single Epoch

A new similar single-difference mathematical model (SS-DM) and its corresponding algorithmare advanced to solve the deformationof monitoring point directly in singleepoch. The method for building theSSDM is introduced in detail, and themain error sources affecting the accu-racy of deformation measurement areanalyzed briefly, and the basic algo-rithm and steps of solving the deform-ation are discussed.In order to validate the correctnessand the accuracy of the similar single-difference model, the test with fivedual frequency receivers is carried outon a slideway which moved in plane inFeb. 2001. In the test,five sessions areobserved. The numerical results oftest data show that the advanced mod-el is correct.

High precision slope deformation monitoring model based on the GPS/Pseudolites technology in open-pit mine

As the number and geometric intensity of visual satellites are susceptible to large slopes in open-pit mines, we propose integration of GPS/Pseudolites (PLs) positioning technology which can increase the number of visible satellites, strengthen the geometric intensity of satellites and provide a precision solution for slope deformation monitoring. However, the un-modeled systematic errors are still the main limiting factors for high precision baseline solution. In order to eliminate the un-modeled systematic error, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) theory is employed. The multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction architecture are defined here on the basis of the EMD theory and the systematic error mitigation model is demonstrated as well. A standard of the scale selection for the systematic error elimination is given in terms of the mean of the accumulated standardized modes. Thereafter, the scheme of the GPS/PLs baseline solution based on the EMD is suggested. The simulation and experiment results show that the precision factors (DOP) are reduced greatly when PLs is located suitably. The proposed scheme dramatically improves the reliability of ambiguity resolution and the precision of baseline vector after systematic error being eliminated, and provides an effective model for high precision slope deformation monitoring in open-pit mine.

Deformation Patterns and Shortening Rates in the East Part of the Kalpin Thrust System in the Southwest Tianshan Mountains During the Late Quaternary

Deformation patterns, shortening amounts and rates in the late Quaternary across the Kalpin thrust system have received tittle attention in the past. This paper attempts to discuss them, mainly in the eastern part of the thrust system by doing field investigation along the faults and folds, measuring geomorphic deformation, excavating trenches in several important sites where young alluvial fans were obviously displaced and dating young deposits of alluvial terraces. There are two types of deformation in the surface and near surface for the Kalpin thrust system in the late Quaternary. They are movement of thrust faults on lower angles and bending of young folds. Both kinds of deformation are shown by shortening and uplifting of young geomorphic surfaces. The surface ages of 3 stages are calculated by dating 20 examples using the TL method in the study area and comparing the results of our predecessors on the deposition and incision times of alluvial terraces in the Tianshan mountain which are 100ka B. P., 33 - 18ka B.P. and 6.6 - 8.2ka B.P. respectively for the large-scale deformed alluvial surfaces： T3, T2 and T1 in the Kalpin region. Then, 19 sets of shortening amounts and rates are obtained in 13 sites along 4 rows of anticlines in front of the Kalpin thrust system and Piqiang fold. The shortening amounts and rates show that there are two sections where deformation is stronger than others. The two sections consist of two arcs that are towards the south. The shortening rates near the top of arcs are 1.32mm/a in the west and 1.39mm/a in the east across the thrust system, respectively. In addition, deformation is stronger in the front rows than the rear ones for bifurcate folds.

Arch-dam crack deformation monitoring hybrid model based on XFEM

An extended finite element method incorporated with the cohesive crack model(CCM-based XFEM) is developed in consideration of crack tip enrichment.It could improve the accuracy and is introduced into dam safety monitoring for the first time.Firstly,the proposed method is verified for a benchmark concrete beam by comparing the results with those of numerical investigations obtained by other researchers.Furthermore,it is adopted as an alternative method for building the deformation hybrid models of non-stable cracks in an arc dam,for the reason that classical FEMs are cumbersome in modeling the cohesive crack growth due to the need of remeshing the moving discontinuities.Case study proves that the fitted results of the mentioned deformation hybrid model,better than the classical statistical model,are well consistent with the measured data and reliable to forecast the development tendency of crack deformation.Therefore,the present CCM-based XFEM could provide a practical way to simulate and monitor the cracking process in concrete arch dam.