具有庞加莱子群形变群对称性时空中的场论构造

当今物理实验对局域Lorentz和CPT对称性的破缺程度给出了严格的限制,但同时有诸多细微现象都似乎表示这两者可能是破缺的.找到这种可能的破缺并给出匹配的合理的物理图景,将是一件很有意义的事情.由于对所有洛伦兹子群与时空平移群的半直积群进行形变所可能得到的形变群其相应的时空几何实现基本都是Finsler类型的,在本文中研究了这些时空几何中的质点动力学,得到了其色散关系,并据此研究了这些Finsler时空所容许的场论模型,讨论了标量场、旋量场、矢量场和规范耦合的动力学和相对闵氏时空中场论由形变引起的修正.本文选择研究的Finsler结构,具有明显的时空方向依赖性的.因而,如果时空是Finsler的,那么可以通过某些精心设计的实验观测到这种方向依赖性.

Interspecific Transition Among Caragana microphylla, C. davazamcii and C. korshinskii Along Geographic Gradient. Ⅰ. Ecological and RAPD Evidence

The former plant population survey has shown that three genetically-related species, Caraganamicrophylla Lam., C. davazamcii Sancz. and C. korshinskii Kom., form a geographical replacement series inNei Mongol Plateau. The present study on population distribution, taxonomy, morphology, development andgenetic structure demonstrated that the geographical distribution of these three species was successiveand in gradual change, thus forming a geographical cline which extended from the east to the west of NeiMongol Plateau. With an analysis of climate change over time, it was considered that the formation of thisgeographical cline was a result of plant adaptation to its natural environment.

Late Cenozoic Tectonic Deformation in the Dongsha Islands and Adjacent Sea Area

Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magnetic and drilling wells data led to the discovery of three post fault sequences (V, VI, VII). Extensive tectonic uplift, magma activity and erosion occurred in Dongsha Island and the adjacent area, where most of the faults in the northeastern SCS were still active during Pliocene and Quaternary. Two groups of faults trending NEE and NW were developed during Late Cenozoic. We conclude that three important tectonic movements, especially Dongsha movement (4.4-5.2 Ma) and Liuhua movement (1.4-1.89 Ma), controlled the structural framework in the Dongsha rise; whose deformation in the east is stronger than that in the west and whose stress field variation suggests that the tectonic uplift in the study area contributed to magmato tectonic events correlated to the main collision phases between the East China and Taiwan 5-3 and 3-0 Ma ago.

Characteristics of microseismic b-value associated with rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns at different stress levels

Rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns has been a severe hazard in hydropower engineering in Southwest China.During the development of rock mass large deformation,a sequence of fractures was generated that can be monitored using microseismic(MS)monitoring techniques.Two MS monitoring systems were established in two typical underground powerhouse caverns featuring distinct geostress levels.The MS b-values associated with rock mass large deformation and their temporal variation are analysed.The results showed that the MS bvalue in course of rock mass deformation was less than 1.0 in the underground powerhouse caverns at a high stress level while larger than 1.5 at a low stress level.Prior to the rock mass deformation,the MS b-values derived from both the high-stress and low-stress underground powerhouse caverns show an incremental decrease over 10%within 10 d.The results contribute to understanding the fracturing characteristics of MS sources associated with rock mass large deformation and provide a reference for early warning of rock mass large deformation in underground powerhouse caverns.

Elementary analysis of data from Tianchi Volcano

Tianchi Volcano is the largest potential erupticve volcano in China. Analyzing these data on seismic monitoring, deformation observation and water chemistry investigation gained from the Tianchi Volcano Observatory(TVO), the authors consider that the Tianchi Volcano is in going into a new flourishing time.

Morphological and karyotypic variation in three wild populations of Meretrix meretrix

Three wild populations of Meretrix meretrix sampled from Dongxing, Beihai, and Shankou along the coast of Guangxi, China, were investigated with morphometry and karyometry. Six morphological indices (shell length, shell height, shell width, hinge length, total wet weight and shell weight) were measured. Differences in all morphological indices except hinge length were significant among the three populations (P < 0.05). The mean values of these indices (except for the hinge length) in the Dongxing population were larger than those in the Beihai and Shankou populations, although the latter had the largest hinge length. The karyotype of the Beihai, Shankou and Dongxing samples had ten metacentric, six submetacentric, and three subtelocentric chromosome pairs. No significant difference was shown in the centromeric index values of the chromosomes in the populations (P>0.05). However, the order of metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosome pairs was variable among the three populations. The results indicate a high level of inter-population variation in morphology and karyotype.

Deformation prediction of tunnel surrounding rock mass using CPSO-SVM model

A new method integrating support vector machine (SVM),particle swarm optimization (PSO) and chaotic mapping (CPSO-SVM) was proposed to predict the deformation of tunnel surrounding rock mass.Since chaotic mapping was featured by certainty,ergodicity and stochastic property,it was employed to improve the convergence rate and resulting precision of PSO.The chaotic PSO was adopted in the optimization of the appropriate SVM parameters,such as kernel function and training parameters,improving substantially the generalization ability of SVM.And finally,the integrating method was applied to predict the convergence deformation of the Xiakeng tunnel in China.The results indicate that the proposed method can describe the relationship of deformation time series well and is proved to be more efficient.

Characteristics of dental morphology in the Xinjiang Uyghurs and correlation with the EDARV370A variant

Teeth are one of the most important materials for anthropological studies because they are likely to be preserved in ancient remains.While the frequencies of dental characteristics can provide clues to the phylogeny of populations,genetic studies at the individual level can further reveal the biological mechanisms and evolutionary context of dental characteristics.In this study,by analyzing 38 dental characteristics of 242 Xinjiang Uyghur individuals,we found that(i)the dental characteristics of the Uyghurs showed evidence of admixture between European and East Asian populations.The admixture proportions were in line with those previously reported in population genetic studies;(ii)the Xinjiang Uyghur dental characteristics formed three clusters in pairwise correlation analysis.One of the main clusters consisted of characteristics including incisor shoveling,double shoveling and mesial ridge;and(iii)all the characteristics in this cluster were significantly correlated with the genetic variant EDARV370A.The extracted composite phenotypic factor was also significantly associated with EDARV370A,which explained 18%of the total phenotypic variance.This indicated a pleiotropic effect,i.e.,the same genetic factor affects a number of dental characteristics at the same time.Our results confirmed that EDARV370A,a genetic variant that first originated in East Asia about 30000 years ago,played an important role in incisor shoveling in East Asia.This finding suggested that incisor shoveling in modern humans in East Asia is likely to have appeared after the late Pleistocene.

Personalities in a crowd： What shapes the behaviour of Eurasian perch and other shoaling fishes？

Lately, there has been an increasing interest in intraspeciflc variation in behaviour, and numerous studies on persona- lity have been performed in a variety of animals, including several fish species. Individuals have been divided into coping style categories or arranged along a behaviour gradient, such as the bold/shy continuum. However, many fish species live in groups, and the social environment can influence the behaviour of an animal in different ways. There may be conflicts within groups due to competition for resources, and dominance hierarchies are commonly found. On the other hand, there are many benefits of con- sensus decision-making within the group. Conformity of behaviour is probably adaptive, due to the benefit of public information on, for example, food resources and predation risk. Accordingly, studies of fish shoals have found evidence of consensus deci- sion-making. Furthermore, factors in the environment, such as predation risk would also influence the behaviour expressed. To be able to understand behaviour patterns in a group of fish, it is necessary to consider the variation of individual characteristics, and how the group, as well as other environmental factors, affects the behaviour of individuals. Here, I will review studies on different aspects of personality within a social context in fish, with a special emphasis on the Eurasian perch Percafluviatilis [Current Zo- ology 58 （1）： 35-44, 2012].

Structure, evolution and regional tectonic implications of the Queshan metamorphic core complex in eastern Jiaodong Peninsula of China

The Queshan MCC is an important example of a crustal extensional structure in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula along the southeastern margin of the NCC in the Early Cretaceous. The MCC is a typical Cordilleran-type core complex with a three-layered structure:(1) the upper plate is constituted by the Cretaceous supradetachment basin and Paleoproterozoic basement;(2) the lower plate comprises the Neoarchean high-grade metamorphic complexes and late Mesozoic granitic intrusions; and(3) the two plates are separated by a master detachment fault. A series of late NEN-oriented brittle faults superimposed on and destructed the early MCC. Petrology, geometry, kinematics, macro- and micro-structures and quartz c-axis fabrics imply that the MCC has a progressive exhumation history from middle-lower to subsurface level(via middle-upper crustal level) under the nearly WNW-ESE regional extensional regime. We present structural and geochronological evidence to constrain the exhumation of the Queshan MCC from ca. 135 to 113 Ma. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the different patterns of extensional structures in the Jiaodong and Liaodong Peninsula, we have defined the Jiao-Liao Early Cretaceou extensional province and further divided the crustal extension of it into two stages: the first stage was the intense flow of the middle-lower crust and the second stage was the extension of the middle-upper crust. Combining the tectonic setting, the lithosphere thinning in the Jiao-Liao Early Cretaceous extensional province can be considered a typical model for the response of crust-mantle detachment faulting under regional extension in East Asia.

Fusulinid species determination based on population variation:An example from Eopolydiexodina

To make fusulinid morphospecies more accordant with biological species, it is necessary and reasonable to constrain the conventional determination of fusulinid species with population-level morphological variation. As an example, morphospecies identification on population level was conducted on Eopolydiexodina specimens from a single bed of the Middle Permian Shazipo Formation of Xiaoxinzhai Section in western Yunnan, China. These specimens were identified with the consideration of fossil population by morphometric analysis of their characteristic morphological variates (diameter of proloculus, size and ratio of inner and outer volutions). The results reveal that the studied variates have wide but overall continuous variation and generally follow the normal distribution. The studied individuals, therefore, have consistent morphological variation with a single population and should belong to one fusulinid morphospecies. This study supports the assumption that fusulinid individuals of one genus from the same bed in one locality should constitute a single fossil population.

DISTORTION THEOREM FOR BIHOLOMORPHICMAPPINGS IN TRANSITIVE DOMAINS(IV)

The distortion theorem for biholomorphic staxlike mappings(with respect to origin) inbounded symmetric domains are given.The distortion theorem for locally biholomorphic convexmappings in bounded symmetric domains are given also.

Classification of hypersurfaces with constant Laguerre eigenvalues in R^n

Let x:M → Rn be an umbilical free hypersurface with non-zero principal curvatures.Then x is associated with a Laguerre metric g,a Laguerre tensor L,a Laguerre form C,and a Laguerre second fundamental form B,which are invariants of x under Laguerre transformation group.An eigenvalue of Laguerre tensor L of x is called a Laguerre eigenvalue of x.In this paper,we classify all oriented hypersurfaces with constant Laguerre eigenvalues and vanishing Laguerre form.

LOOP GROUP ACTIONS AND THE RIBAUCOUR TRANSFORMATIONS FOR FLAT LAGRANGIAN SUBMANIFOLDS

The Ribaucour transformations for flat Lagrangian submanifolds in Cn and CPn via loop group actions are given. As a consequence, the authors obtain a family of new flat Lagrangian submanifolds from a given one via a purely algebraic algorithm. At the same time, it is shown that such Ribaucour transformation always comes with a permutability formula.

Remainder terms for several inequalities on some groups of Heisenberg-type

We give estimates of the remainder terms for several conformally-invariant Sobolev-type inequalities on the Heisenberg group. By considering the variations of associated functionals, we give a stability for two dual inequalities: The fractional Sobolev(FS) and Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev(HLS) inequalities, in terms of distance to the submanifold of extremizers. Then we compare their remainder terms to improve the inequalities in another way. We also compare, in the limit case, the remainder terms of Beckner-Onofri(BO) inequality and its dual logarithmic Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev(Log-HLS) inequality. Besides, we also list without proof some results for other groups of Iwasawa-type. Our results generalize earlier works on Euclidean spaces of Chen et al.(2013) and Dolbeault and Jankowiak(2014) onto some groups of Heisenberg-type. We worked for "almost"all fractions especially for comparing results, and the stability of HLS is also absolutely new, even for Euclidean case.