自发性气胸患肺压缩形态对治疗方法选择的指导价值

目的探讨自发性气胸患肺压缩形态对治疗方法选择的指导价值。方法依据胸部X线后前位平片所示的患肺压缩形态将219例自发性气胸患者分为外围型(127例)、不规则型(92例)2组。观察患肺压缩形态与既往行胸腔闭式引流术次数、胸腔闭式引流术7 d治愈率、胸腔闭式引流术治愈时间及外科手术中所见胸膜粘连的关系。结果行0、1和≥2次胸腔闭式引流术不规则型的发生率分别为11.71%(13/111)、57.89%(33/57)和90.19%(46/51),不规则型的发生率随既往胸腔闭式引流次数的增加而升高(χ2=96.339,P<0.01)。外围型、不规则型患者行胸腔闭式引流术分别治愈94、30例,不规则型胸腔闭式引流术7 d治愈率低于外围型[36.7%(11/30)vs 90.4%(85/94),χ2=37.596,P<0.01],胸腔闭式引流术治愈时间高于外围型[d:10.10±4.87 vs 4.00±2.07,t=9.806,P<0.01]。2组有95例行手术治疗,不规则型胸膜粘连发生率高于外围型[91.9%(57/62)vs 18.2%(6/33),χ2=52.445,P<0.01]。结论患肺压缩形态为外围型的患者行胸腔闭式引流治疗成功率高,为不规则型宜行外科手术治疗。

浅谈压缩形态雕塑

雕塑艺术中压缩形态的研究实际上是雕塑语言多元化发展的一种拓展方式。随着人们物质生活水平的提高,人们对精神生活的追求也越来越高,雕塑语言也越来越开放。"压缩"这种雕塑语言实际上是丰富多样的现代雕塑语言的分支,它的基础是传统的雕塑语言结构,如整体、体积、空间等。压缩形态雕塑在这些传统雕塑语言的基础上进行创新和提高,但仍然受立体主义、抽象主义和观念主义的影响,在细节上仍然有构成、分解、对称、整合等手法的体现。

Hot deformation behavior and processing map of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy

The high-temperature deformation behavior of Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated by using the hot compression test in the temperature range of 600-800 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-5 s-1. The hot deformation activation energy, Q, was calculated and the hot compression constitutive equation was established. The processing maps of the alloy were constructed based on the experiment data and the forging process parameters were then optimized based on the generated maps for forging process determination. The flow behavior and the microstructural mechanism of the alloy were studied. The flow stress of the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature, and the dynamic recrystallization temperature of alloy is around 700 ℃. The hot deformation activation energy for dynamic recrystallization is determined as 485.6 kJ/mol. The processing maps for the alloy obtained at strains of 0.3 and 0.5 were used to predict the instability regimes occurring at the strain rate more than 1 s-1 and low temperature （〈650 ℃）. The optimum range for the alloy hot deformation processing in the safe domain obtained from the processing map is 750-800 ℃ at the strain rate of 0.01-0.1 s i The characteristic microstructures predicted from the processing map agree well with the results of microstructural observations.

Hot deformation behavior of Al-9.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.1Ti alloy based on processing maps

Hot deformation behavior of extrusion preform of the spray-formed Al-9.0Mg-0.5Mn-0.1Ti alloy was studied using hot compression tests over deformation temperature range of 300-450 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-1. On the basis of experiments and dynamic material model, 2D processing maps and 3D power dissipation maps were developed for identification of exact instability regions and optimization of hot processing parameters. The experimental results indicated that the efficiency factor of energy dissipate （η） lowered to the minimum value when the deformation conditions located at the strain of 0.4, temperature of 300 ° C and strain rate of 1 s-1. The softening mechanism was dynamic recovery, the grain shape was mainly flat, and the portion of high angle grain boundary （〉15°） was 34%. While increasing the deformation temperature to 400 ° C and decreasing the strain rate to 0.1 s-1, a maximum value of η was obtained. It can be found that the main softening mechanism was dynamic recrystallization, the structures were completely recrystallized, and the portion of high angle grain boundary accounted for 86.5%. According to 2D processing maps and 3D power dissipation maps, the optimum processing conditions for the extrusion preform of the spray-formed Al？9.0Mg？0.5Mn？0.1Ti alloy were in the deformation temperature range of 340-450 ° C and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s-1 with the power dissipation efficiency range of 38%？43%.

Hot deformation behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr aluminum alloys during compression at elevated temperature

The hot compression tests of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr aluminum alloys （7056 alloy and 7150 alloy） were performed in a temperature range from 300 to 450 °C and at strain rate range from 0.01 to 10 s-1. The results show that the true stress-true strain curves exhibit a peak stress at a critical strain, then the flow stresses decrease monotonically until high strains, showing a dynamic flow softening. The peak stresses depend on the temperature compensated strain rate, which can be represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic-sine equation with hot deformation activation energy of 244.64 kJ/mol for 7056 alloy and 229.75 kJ/mol for 7150 alloy, respectively, while the peak stresses for the former are lower than those for the latter under the similar compression condition. The deformed microstructures consist of a great amount of precipitates within subgrains in the elongated grains at high Z value and exhibit well formed subgrains in the recrystallized grains at low Z value. The smaller subgrains and greater density of fine precipitates in 7150 alloy are responsible for the high peak stresses because of the substructural strengthening and precipitating hardening compared with 7056 alloy.

Microstructural evolution of zirconium alloy under dynamic compression at strain rate of 1000s^(-1)

Microstructural evolution of the zirconium alloy deformed at a strain rate of about 1000 s-1 was investigated. Four different strain levels of the zirconium alloy subjected to dynamic compression were designed by several-times impacting at almost the same strain rate. The results show that abundant low angle boundaries at different strain levels were observed in the deformed microstructures, and the quantity and density of low angle boundary increase dramatically with the strain increasing. Besides low angle boundaries and high angle boundaries observed in grain boundary maps, the twin boundaries including the tensile twins {10 2}, {11 1} and compressive twins {11 2} were distinguished at different strain levels, and most twin boundaries were indexed as {10 2} twins. With the stain increasing, the twin boundary density in the deformed microstructures increases indistinctively. Based on the characterization of the deformed microstructures at the different strain levels, the deformation and evolution processes of the zirconium alloy subjected to dynamic loading were proposed. Microhardness measurements show that the microhardness in the impacted specimens increases gradually with the strain increasing, which should be associated with the strain hardening caused by the tangled dislocation.

俄语构词中的经济原则

本文从语言经济原则的角度出发,分析了俄语构词中体现经济原则的构词方法,包括形态压缩和语义凝聚构词体现的经济原则。通过对各类构词方法的介绍,力求使读者获得对现代俄语构词趋势的充分认识。

碳纤维对PTFE/Al反应材料动态力学行为和点火特性影响研究

本研究旨在探讨短切碳纤维(carbon fiber,CF)单丝对聚四氟乙烯/铝(PTFE/Al)反应材料动态力学和点火特性的影响.首先,制备了PTFE/Al和PTFE/Al/CF反应材料,开展了材料的动态力学性能测试,获得了力学性能与点火参数,记录了冲击压缩过程.结果表明,添加CF导致PTFE/Al材料的弹性模量大幅降低,弹性模量因子的应变率效应与失效应变因子的应变率效应降低.在此基础上,分析了不同CF质量分数对反应材料的冲击压缩过程与回收试件、冲击点火速度(应变率)阈值的影响.结果表明,纤维通过固结强化作用,低CF质量分数的PTFE/Al/CF试件具有较好的抗动态压缩性和能量吸收效果.随着CF质量分数的提高,TFE/Al/CF反应材料速度(应变率)点火阈值降低,反应强度和反应时间有提高.为碳纤维填充改性PTFE/Al反应材料的设计和冲击应用提供参考.

Modeling on dynamic recrystallization of aluminium alloy 7050 during hot compression based on cellular automaton

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) process of hot compressed aluminium alloy 7050 was predicted using cellular automaton(CA) combined with topology deformation. The hot deformatation characteristics of aluminium alloy 7050 were investigated by hot uniaxial compression tests in order to obtain the material parameters used in the CA model. The influences of process parameters(strain, strain rate and temperature) on the fraction of DRX and the average recrystallization grain(R-grain) size were investigated and discussed. It is found that larger stain, higher temperature and lower strain rate(less than 0.1 s^(–1)) are beneficial to the increasing fraction of DRX. And the deformation temperature affects the mean R-grain size much more greatly than other parameters. It is also noted that there is a critical strain for the occurrence of DRX which is related to strain rate and temperature. In addition, it is shown that the CA model with topology deformation is able to simulate the microstructural evolution and the flow behavior of aluminium alloy 7050 material under various deformation conditions.

Near-source noise suppression of AMT by compressive sensing and mathematical morphology filtering

In deep mineral exploration, the acquisition of audio magnetotelluric （AMT） data is severely affected by ambient noise near the observation sites; This near-field noise restricts investigation depths. Mathematical morphological filtering （MMF） proved effective in suppressing large-scale strong and variably shaped noise, typically low-frequency noise, but can not deal with pulse noise of AMT data. We combine compressive sensing and MMF. First we use MMF to suppress the large-scale strong ambient noise; second, we use the improved orthogonal match pursuit （IOMP） algorithm to remove the residual pulse noise. To remove the noise and protect the useful AMT signal, a redundant dictionary that matches with spikes and is insensitive to the useful signal is designed. Synthetic and field data from the Luzong field suggest that the proposed method suppresses the near-source noise and preserves the signal well; thus, better results are obtained that improve the output of either MMF or IOMP.

Hot workability of cast and wrought Ni-42Cu alloy through hot tensile and compression tests

In order to analyze the flow behavior and workability of Ni-42Cu in cast and wrought conditions, hot deformation tests were performed at temperatures and strain rates within the ranges of 900-1150 ℃ and 0.001-1 s^-1, respectively. Tensile tests showed a “hot ductility trough” at 950 ℃ for both alloys. The drop in hot ductility was more considerable in the cast alloy because of the sluggish dynamic recrystallization. The hot ductility drop and grain boundary cracking, particularly in the cast alloy, were attributed to the segregation of detrimental atoms to the boundaries. It was shown that the hot ductility of the wrought alloy could be improved with increasing strain rate. It was associated with increasing the fraction of dynamic recrystallization at higher strain rates. This finding corroborated the change in the mechanism of dynamic recrystallization with strain rate. The strain rate sensitivity and instability parameters calculated for the wrought alloy showed that the material is prone to strain localization at low temperatures, i.e., 950-1050 ℃, and high strain rates of 0.1 and 1 s-1. Based on the tensile and compression tests, the best temperature range for a desirable hot workability was introduced as 1050-1150 ℃.

Analysis of semi-solid response under rapid compression tests using multi-scale modelling and experiments

Simulating semi-solid metal forming requires modelling semi-solid behaviour.However, such modelling is difficult because semi-solid behavior is thixotropic and depends on the liquid-solid spatial distribution within the material.In order to better understand and model relationships between microstructure and behavior, a model based on micromechanical approaches and homogenisation techniques is presented.This model is an extension of a previous model established in a pure viscoplastic framework to account for elasticity.Indeed, experimental load-displacement signals reveal the presence of an elastic-type response in the earlier stages of deformation when semi-solids are loaded under rapid compression.This elastic feature of the behaviour is attributed to the response of the porous solid skeleton saturated by incompressible liquid.A good quantitative agreement is found between the elastic-viscoplastic predicted response and the experimental data.More precisely, the strong initial rising part of the load-displacement curve, the peak load and the subsequent fall in load are well captured.The effect of solid fraction on mechanical response is in qualitative agreement with experiments.

平带光子微结构中的新颖现象:从模式局域到实空间拓扑

近年来,凝聚态物理中平带局域与拓扑等概念与光学体系的有机结合,使得平带光子学系统的研究迎来了极为快速的发展,催生了一系列新颖的光物理现象与潜在的应用前景.目前,平带结构在光子晶体、光学超构材料以及光子晶格(倏逝波耦合的光学波导阵列)等多种人工光子微结构中得到了实现,并在其中观察到了很多凝聚态系统中难以直接实现的物理现象.本文简要综述光子微结构中关于平带物理的最新研究进展.以光诱导和激光直写光子晶格系统为例,包括Lieb,Kagome和超级蜂窝晶格等,特别介绍平带模式局域与实空间拓扑效应等新颖物理现象.光子微结构为研究平带物理和拓扑效应提供了一个可调控的平台,同时其研究结果也对探究电子、声子、等离激元、腔极化子与超冷原子等系统中相关的基本物理问题和应用具有借鉴作用.

Teleportation of Squeezed Entangled State

Based on the coherent entangled state ｜a, x〉 we introduce the squeezed entangled state （SES）. Then we propose a teleportation protocol for the SES by using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state ｜η〉 as a quantum channel. The calculation is greatly simplified by virtue of the Schmidt decompositions of both ｜a, x〉 and ｜η〉. Any bipartite states that can be expanded in terms of ｜a, x〉 may be teleported in this way due to the completeness of ｜a, x〉.

q-Deforrned Entangled States Representations and Some Applications

The q-deformed entangled states are introduced by using deformation quantization methods and new normal ordering of the vacuum projection operator for q-deformed boson oscillator. In similar way, by virtue of the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators, the new completeness and orthogonMity relations composed of the bra and ket, which are not mutually Hermitian conjugates are obtained. Furthermore, the property of squeezing operator represented by the q-deformed entangled states is exhibited. Lastly, the nonclassical properties of the q-deformed two-mode squeezed vacuum state are studied.

Husimi Functions of Excited Squeezed Vacuum States

Based on the Husimi operator in pure state form introduced by Fan et al,which is a squeezed coherentstate projector,and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators,as well as the entangledstate representations,we obtain the Husimi functions of the excited squeezed vacuum states (ESVS) and two marginaldistributions of the Husimi functions of the ESVS.

Static characteristics of new type externally pressurized spherical air bearings

In order to provide some theoretical guideline for the structure design of the new type externally pressurized spherical air bearings,the static characteristics and the factors affecting the static characteristics of the air bearings were analyzed.A finite volume method was adopted to discretize the three-dimensional steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations,and a modified SIMPLE algorithm for compressible fluid was applied to solve the discretized governing equations.The pressure field and velocity field of the air bearings were obtained,and the factors and rules affecting the static characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the pressure of near air intakes can reach above 80% of air supply pressure,and there is a pressure steep fall around the air intakes.When the film thickness is greater than 20 μm,the bearing capacity rapidly decreases as film thickness increases.As the air supply pressure increases from 0.2 to 0.6 MPa,the maximum static stiffness increases by more than three times.The calculation method proposed well fits the general principle,which can be extended to the characteristic analysis of other air bearings.

Failure behavior of cellular titanium under dynamic loading

The dynamic compressive deformation of cellular titanium with regularly distributed cylindrical pores is investigated to evaluate the effect of shock attenuation and obtain the shock Hugoniot relationship of the material. Dynamic compression experiments are conducted at room temperature using a single-stage light gas gun. The Hugoniot relations between shock wave velocity and particle velocity for the cellular titanium samples with porosities 20% and 30% are obtained. The shock response of the regular cellular titanium shows a clear wave attenuation effect. Numerical simulations are also conducted to supplement the experimental study.Inelastic deformation is observed in the samples using optical micrographs, indicating that the deformation of pores contributes significantly to the shock wave attenuation of the cellular titanium material.