论确定一种社会形态性质的标准问题

马克思和恩格斯以物质资料生产方式，即社会生产力与生产关系的统一作为划分人类社会形态的根本标准。但在传统社会主义模式下，生产关系的不同，成为区别不同社会形态的最根本的标准，忽视了社会生产力作为社会主义的本质规定，片面强调生产关系对社会主义社会形态性质的本质规定。要纠正传统社会主义模式在这个问题上的错误，必须重新回到马克思。

论科斯主义的意识形态性质

任何抽象地将科斯主义纳入新自由主义范畴的观点都是不科学的。科斯主义是一种客观主义的效率至上主义,是一种能够使社会公共权力控制者的偏好或利益得到充分反映、保护和满足的意识形态。由于公共权力控制者的偏好或利益是由其所代表的社会阶层或集团的偏好或利益决定的。所以,它不是一种刚性的意识形态。它在某一社会中究竟实际是为哪个阶层或集团的偏好或利益服务的意识形态,由该社会公共权力控制者的性质决定的。

历史唯物主义是说明社会形态的根本科学方法

历史唯物主义是说明社会形态的根本科学方法梁树发由于现实的社会主义是在经济文化比较落后国家建立的，也由于社会主义发展的曲折，人们对什么是社会主义作出了不同解释，也产生了种种困惑。其中，有的单纯用生产关系来说明现实的社会主义，而忽视生产力的决定性作用；也...

Morphological Diversity Analysis of Red-seed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) Germplasm Resources

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis and principal components analysis on the morphological traits of 51 red-seed watermelon germplasm resources were carried out. [Result] The coefficient of variations （CVs） of 39 morphological traits in 51 red-seed watermelon idioplasm resources ranged from 5.37% to 66.95%, with an average of 22.87%. The average of Shannon diversity information indices was 1.55. Among them, the Shannon diversity information index of seed length was the highest （2.16） and that of seed shell figure pattern was the lowest （0.32）. In ad- dition, the morphological diversity information indices of quantity characters were higher than that of quality characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the variance contribution rates of the first, second and third principal compo- nents were 19.49%, 15.32% and 9.55%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the 51 materials into three broad branches based on the morphological traits. There was only one material in the fist branch and two in the second branch, and all the three materials were wild. The other 48 materials were divided into the third branch and all of them were cultivars. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of red-seed watermelon resources.

中国古代社会形态及其性质探本与美学——从历史唯物主义的角度看

确定中国古代社会形态的性质是研究中国古代美学思想和文论思想发展历史的必要前提。新实践美学认为中国古代同样有奴隶制社会和封建社会。不过,中国古代的奴隶制社会和封建社会,不同于古希腊、古罗马和欧洲其他地域的奴隶制社会和封建社会。中国古代社会更多地保留了原始社会的血缘关系的家族和宗族的社会性质,形成了中国古代的宗法奴隶制社会和宗法封建社会。中国大约在夏末商初转入奴隶制社会,经过春秋战国时代,于秦始皇统一中国后而进入封建(封建主义)社会。中国的封建社会是"封建主义"社会。中国古代社会形态及其宗法制度性质,使得中国古代传统美学和文论具有伦理型、重感情、求中和的特点。

Effect of chemical modification on the properties of wood/polypropylene composites

Aluminate-based coupling agent was added as a compatibilizer to make the chemical modification of wood powder. The mechanical properties and morphology of wood powder/polypropylene composites were studied. The results showed that the compatibilizer can increase the impact strength of the wood/polypropylene composites, but it has a slightly negative effect on the tensile and flexural strength. For dynamic mechanical properties and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Aluminate-based coupling agent can slightly increase the storage modulus and loss modulus, and decrease the melt point and the Calorie of Melt. Scanning electron microscopy showed that Aluminate-based coupling agent had a stronger affinity between the wood and polypropylene surfaces. These results suggested that Aluminate-based coupling agent may play a useful role in improving wood powder/polypropylene composites properties.

Relationship Between Iron Oxides and Surface Charge Characteristics in Soils

The relationship between iron oxides and surface charge characteristics in variable charge soils ( latosol and red earth ) was studied in following three ways. ( 1 ) Remove free iron oxides ( Fed ) and amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) from the soils with sodium dithionite and acid ammonium oxalate solution respectively. ( 2 ) Add 2% glucose ( on the basis of air-dry soil weight ) to soils and incubate under submerged condition to activate iron oxides, and then the mixtures are dehydrated and air-dried to age iron oxides. ( 3 ) Precipitate various crystalline forms of iron oxides onto kaolinite. The results showed that free iron oxides ( Fed ) were the chief carrier of variable positive charges. Of which crystalline iron oxides ( Fed-Feo ) presented mainly as discrete particles in the soils and could only play a role of the carrier of positive charges, and did little influence on negative charges. Whereas the amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) , which presented mainly as a coating with a large specific surface area, not only had positive charges, but also blocked the negative charge sites in soils. Submerged incubation activated iron oxides in the soils, and increased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, which resulted in the increase of positive and negative charges of soils. Dehydration and air-dry aged iron oxides in soils and decreased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, and also led to the decrease of positive and negative charges. Both the submerged incubation and the dehydration and air-dry had no significant influence on net charges. Precipitation of iron oxides onto kaolinite markedly increased positive charges and decreased negative charges. Amorphous iron oxide having a larger surface area contributed more positive charge sites and blocked more negative charge sites in kaolinite than crystalline goethite.

Influence of polarized bias and porous silicon morphology on the electrical behavior of Au-porous silicon contacts

This paper reports the surface morphology and I-V curves of porous silicon （PS） samples and related devices. The observed fabrics on the PS surface were found to affect the electrical property of PS devices. When the devices were operated under different external bias （10 V or 3 V） for 10 min, their observed obvious differences in electrical properties may be due to the different control mechanisms in the A1/PS interface and PS matrix morphology.

浅谈古滑坡的判别

通过分析古滑坡对公路工程的影响和危害性,说明对其进行正确判断和分析的重要性。同时在描述古滑坡的性质和形态的基础上,重点阐述如何利用遥感资料、地质调绘和地质勘探等手段对古滑坡进行判别,为实际工作提供科学依据。

Preparation, morphology and mechanical properties of acrylate-modified polyurethane/unsaturated polyester resin graft-IPNs

Acrylate modified polyurethane resin was first synthesized, and interpenetrated with unsaturated polyester resin to form IPNs and gradient IPNs which cured at room temperature. The polymerization process was traced by an IR spectroscopy technique and the simultaneous interpenetrating techniques were determined. The morphology of these IPNs were estimated by TMA and TEM methods. The results indicated that large amount of interpenetrating and entanglement make T g linked up effectively, and domains between two phases can be in nanometre ranges, which changed with composition ratios. The mechanical properties results showed that IPNs varied from elastomeric to plastic materials. It was noteworthy that, with the introduction of modified groups and the formation of graft construction in IPNs, the miscibility in the systems was improved a lot. These further led to the improved mechanical properties of IPNs with elastomer reinforced and plasticizer toughened as well. The reinforced miscibility between the networks can apparently change mechanical property especially for the gradient ones when the materials are elongated.

The Effect of Active Tectonic to Morphology of Alluvial Fan of Shahdad in Kerman-lran

The alluvial fan of the Shahdad in Derakt-Tangan River is one of the biggest alleviation in total dry area in the north eastern Kerman. This alluvial fan is formed effected by different materials erosion in drainage basin of Derakt-Tangan River and laying these materials in the final part of this drainage basin called Lut. Tectonics activate with efficacy in the place of the settlement of the alluvial fan. The region, which is being studied, is one of the active tectonic regions. The severe tectonic activities in the studying region have been proved by several observations. One of the most important evidences in the region is the various faults in the area and implies to fan alluvium （from head to end）, study line profile in past and present. The most important fault of the region is the great fault of ＂Nay band＂, the southern fault of Shahdad and the series of faults having the direction of north-western to south-eastern and northern and southern. The drainage basin of alluvial fan of the Derakt-Tangan River leads from east to Kavir-lut, from west to the Baghe-Bala Mountains and Kalisaky from The aim of this article is the morphology of Derakt-Tangan north to the altitutes of Dahran and from south to the mountains of Jeffan river fan indicative on neotectonics in the region.

Tuning optical properties of ITO films grown by rf sputtering:Effects of oblique angle deposition and thermal annealing

Indium tin oxide(ITO)thin films were prepared using the technique of rf-sputtering with oblique angle deposition(OAD).The films were as-deposited and thermally treated at 250℃.The combination of substrate inclination and annealing was used for modifying morphological and structural properties that lead to changes of the optical properties.The resulting films show morphology of tilted nanocolumn,fissures among columns,and structural changes.The as-deposited films are structurally disordered with an amorphous component and the annealed films are crystallized and more ordered and the film diffractograms correspond to the cubic structure of In2O3.The refractive index could be modified up to 0.3 in as-deposited films and up to 0.15 in annealed films as functions of the inclination angle of the nanocolumns.Similarly,the band gap energy increases up to about 0.4 eV due to the reduction of the microstrain distribution.It is found that the microstrain distribution,which is related to lattice distortions,defects and the presence of fissures in the films,is the main feature that can be engineered through morphological modifications for achieving the adjustment of the optical properties.

猪流感病毒的特性与流行研究进展

猪流感是由猪流感病毒引起不同日龄、性别和品种的一种急性、热性、高度接触性和群发性呼吸道疾病。目前,猪流感在世界各地广泛存在和发生,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,并且严重危害人类健康。文章综述了猪流感病毒的形态特征、理化特性、生物学特性及其在我国和世界各地的流行现状。

Research on the Property of New Tricot Invisible Curtain Fabric

The new designed curtain fabric,whose two faces were covered by trilobal cross-sectional filament and dull polyester filament,was designed with three-bar tricot stitch,which possessed unique style with implicit grid effects.Tricot two-sided technology was adopted in this paper and the method of spectrophotometer was used to test the optical properties,including the light transmittance and reflectance of the technical face and back side of the samples in the ultraviolet,visible,and near-infrared band.The results show that the transmittance and invisible,anti-ultraviolet properties in the thin and single-layer fabric are improved.The fabric meets the qualifications in use of curtain material.

Influences of Reactive Compatibilizer R-Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on PA6/PP Blends

The effect of R-styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer （R- SMA） compatibilzation on Nylon 6 （ PA6 ）/polypropylene （ PP ） blends has been investigated experimentally through Molan test, microscopic morphology, and chemical structure. Results show that the moderate R-SMA addition can promote reaction between anhydride in R-SMA and amino in PA6, and lead to a new PA6-g- R-SMA copolymer in the blends. Such PA6-g-R-SMA eopolymer in the blends can effectively reduce the interfaeial tension and PP particle size, and improve the compatibility of two immiscible phases in the blends. The crystallinity of PA6 in PA6/PP blends has greatly decreased by PP blends. The blends have the best comprehensive mechanical and thermal properties when the mass ratio of PA6/PP/ R-SMA is 90：10：2 to 90：10：4. The impact strength of the PA6/PP blends with the eompatibilizer is increased by more than 150 %.

Dynamic Behavior of a New Hydraulic Steel Gate

A new style of hydraulic steel gate based on the principle of bionics is proposed in this paper. It has a fish-like shape and consists of right arches, invert arches, connection components and a face plate. It would be first applied in the project of Caoe River Sluice, used as both tidal barrage and flood gate. Compared with conventional hydraulic steel gate of beam grids, this new style of hydraulic steel gate can save up to 30%-50% of steel consumption. The dynamic behavior of the new gate under the impact load of tidal bore is investigated. The impact load of tidal bore is considered by a load spectrum obtained by field observation over a long period of time. Then a numerical analysis of the gate under the load spectrum is carried out by finite element method. The fluid-structure interaction is considered in the analysis. And a comparison between the response of the gate under the impact load and the response of the gate under the corresponding static load is conducted and indicates that the gate has a dynamic magnification factor of 1.2.

The Motivation Factors of Sales Personnel in Financial Institutions

The motivation is an employee＇s internal relationship in the form of behaviour directed towards a specific goal and is manifested as an important factor for overall organisation performance. The goal of any business is to motivate employees to perform work with the maximum results. The work motivation is complex and dynamic feature of human resources and influences to motivation are very broad and diverse. The material forms of motivation are different compensation that employees receive for their work in the company. They appear in the financial and non-financial forms （paid or in the form of various services）. The goal of this research is to identify the main factors of human resources motivation in financial institutions （banks）. The questionnaire will be used as a research instrument and consists of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire will focus on socio-demographic characteristics and the second part concentrates on the motivation variables of material and immaterial character. Applying adequate knowledge discovery research methods will be identified as the main motivation components of selling persons in financial institutions.

Nanocomposite sodalite/ceramic membrane for pre-combustion CO2 capture： synthesis and morphological characterization

Carbon capture and storage （CCS） is amongst the possible options to reduce CO2 emission. In the application of CCS, CO2 capture techniques such as adsorption and membrane system have been proposed due to less energy requirement and environmental benign than the absorption process. However, membrane system has drawbacks such as poor membrane reproducibility, scale-up difficulty and high cost of the membrane supports. In this study synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite sodalite （HS）/ceramic membrane via ＂pore-plugging＂ hydrothermal synthesis （PPH） protocol for pre- combustion CO2 capture is reported. The morphology and crystallinity of the as-prepared membranes were checked with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Surface chemistry of the membrane was examined with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. In nanocomposite architecture membranes, zeolite crystals are embedded within the pores of the supports instead of forming thin-film layers of the zeolite crystals on the surface of the supports. Compared to the conventional in situ direct hydrothermal synthesis, membranes obtained from PPH possess higher mechanical strength and thermal stability. In addition, defect control with nanocomposite architecture membranes is possible because the zeolite crystals are embedded within the pores of the support, thereby limiting the maximum defect size to the pore size of the support. Furthermore, the nanocomposite architecture nature of the membranes safeguards the membrane from shocks or abrasion that could promote formation of defects. The aforementioned advantages of the nanocomposite architecture membranes could be beneficial in developing high performance and cost-effective membrane materials for pre-combustion CO2 capture.

国家治理现代化视域下中国政党制度的三重意蕴

随着党对国家治理体系和治理能力现代化建设规律认识的不断深化,中国特色政党制度也日益呈现出中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、中国特色社会主义政党制度和新型政党制度三重面相。作为内容形态的中国政党制度,具体表现为中国共产党领导、多党派合作,中国共产党执政、多党派参政的运行特色。作为性质形态的中国政党制度,具体表现为具有中国特色的社会主义政党制度,成为中国特色社会主义制度的显著优势之一。作为本质形态的中国政党制度,则具体幻化为新型政党制度,从规律的层面彰显着中国政党制度的实践效能。中国政党制度内容、性质和本质的三重意蕴,深刻地折射出其与国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的内在关联。无论作为内容,还是体现性质,抑或彰显本质,中国政党制度都是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,都是国家治理能力现代化的重要标志。