AIM： To investigate the effect of Tangweian Jianji （TWAJJ） on the biomechanical and morphometrical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats. METHODS： Diabetes was induced in 27 rats by in- j...AIM： To investigate the effect of Tangweian Jianji （TWAJJ） on the biomechanical and morphometrical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats. METHODS： Diabetes was induced in 27 rats by in- jecting streptozotocin （40 mg/kg body weight）, the animals were then divided into three groups （n = 9 in each group）, i.e., diabetic control （DM）; high dose （10 g/kg, T1） and low dose （5 g/kg, T2）. Another 10 rats acted as normal controls （Control）. TWAJJ was admin- istered by gavage once daily. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. Circumferential length, wall thickness and opening angle were measured from esophageal, duodenal, jejunal and ileal ring segments. The residual strain was calculated from the morpho- metric data. Step-wise distension was carried out on esophageal and jejunal segments. The obtained data on the length, diameter and pressure changes were then used to calculate the circumferential and longitu- dinal stresses and strains. Real-time reverse transcrip- tion polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the receptor of advanced glycation end-products （RAGE） mRNA level in jejunal tissues. RESULTS： At the end of the experiment, the blood glucose level was significantly higher and the serum insulin level was significantly lower in DM, T1 and T2 groups than in the control group （Glucose： 30.23 ± 0.41 mmol/L, 27.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L and 27.84 ± 0.29 mmol/ L vs 5.05 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P = 1.65 x 10-16, P = 5.89 x 1019 and P = 1.63 x 10-Is, respectively; Insulin： 1.47 ± 0.32 °tg/L, 2.66 ± 0.44 pg/L, 2.03 ± 0.29 pg/L and 4.17 ± 0.54 pg/L, P = 0.0001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.025, re- spectively）. However, these levels did not differ among the DM, T1 and T2 groups. The wet weight per unit length, wall thickness and opening angle of esophageal and intestinal segments in the DM group were signifi- cantly higher than those in the control group （from P = 0.009 to P = 0.004）. These parameters in the T1 group were significantly lower than those in the DM group （wet weight, duodenum： 0.147 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.158 ± 0.001 g/cm, P = 0.047; jejunum, 0.127 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.151：1：0.002 g/cm, P = 0.017; ileum, 0.127 ± 0.004 g/cm vs 0.139 ± 0.003 g/cm, P = 0.046; wall thickness, esophagus： 0.84±0.03 mm vs 0.94 ± 0.02 ram, P = 0.014; duodenum： 1.27 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.39 ± 0.05 ram, P = 0.031; jejunum： 1.19 ± 0.07 mm vs 1.34 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.047; ileum： 1.09 ± 0.04 mm vs 1.15 ± 0.03 mm, P = 0.049; opening angle, esophagus： 112.2 ± 13.2° vs 134.7 ± 14.7°, P = 0.027; duodenum： 105.9 ± 12.3° vs 123.1 ± 13.1°, P = 0.046; jejunum： 90.1 ± 15.4° vs 115.5 ± 13.3°, P = 0.044; ileum： 112.9 ± 13.4° vs 136.1 ± 17.1°, P = 0.035）. In the esophageal and jejunal segments, the inner residual stain was significantly smaller and the outer residual strain was larger in the DN group than in the control group （P = 0.022 and P = 0.035）. T1 treatment significantly restored this biomechanical alteration （P = 0.011 and P = 0.019）, but T2 treatment did not. Fur- thermore, the circumferential and longitudinal stiffness of the esophageal and jejunal wall increased in the DM group compared with those in the control group. T1, but not T2 treatment, significantly decreased the cir- cumferential wall stiffness in the jejunal segment （P = 0.012） and longitudinal wall stiffness in the esophageal segment （P = 0.023）. The mRNA level of RAGE was significantly decreased in the T1 group compared to that in the DN group （P = 0.0069）. CONCLUSION： TWAJJ （high dose） treatment partly restored the morphometric and biomechanical remodel- ing of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats.展开更多
Objective To observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR), a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial ceils of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-...Objective To observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR), a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial ceils of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis, and to investigate the possible mechanism of SQR in regulating intestinal dynamics. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal control, model Ⅰ , model Ⅱ, mesalazine, and high-dose, and low-dose SQR groups with 10 rats in each group. TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol was instilled into the lumen of the rat colon of the latter five groups to induce colitis. On the 4th day after administration of TNBS, each treatment group was administered one of the following formulations by enteroclysis gavage once a day for 7 days: 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 mesalazine, 2.4g^-1·d^-1 SQR, and 1.2g^-1·d^-1 SQR. Model Ⅱ rats received normal saline solution. After 7 days colonic samples were collected. While the colonic samples of model I group were collected on the 3rd day after TNBS administered. Ultrastructure of ICC in the damaged colonic tissues was observed with transmission electron microscope. Expression of c-kit protein in colonic tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Results The ultrastructure of colonic ICC in the rat model of TNBS-induced colitis showed a severe injury, and administration of SQR or mesalazine reduced the severity of injury. Similarly, the expression of c-kit protein of TNBS-induced colitis rat model was significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P〈0.05). Treatment with SQR or mesalazine significantly increased the expression of c-kit protein compared with the administration of control formulations (P〈0.05), especially the high-dose SQR group. Conclusion SQR could alleviate and repair the injured ICC, and improve its quantity, which might be involved in regulating intestinal motility.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics of localization of protease-sensitive sites Arg-X in non-histone and histone blocks of heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin, nuclear ...The purpose of this study was to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics of localization of protease-sensitive sites Arg-X in non-histone and histone blocks of heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin, nuclear matrix） as possible zones affecting the conformational rearrangements of the total interphase chromatin at the induction of increasing morphogenesis of mature embryos-germs of spring and transformed from its winter wheat. Germinated embryos-germs were detached from endosperm after 24 hours from the start of soaking. Cell nuclei have been allocated from embryos-germs and cleared, and then from their heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin loosely bound with nuclear matrix and chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix, and nuclear matrix） were extracted by increasing ionic strength of solution. From isolated nuclear suprastructures, non-histone proteins were separated from histones using ion exchange chromatography. Trypsin-like complexes from non-histone proteins and histone blocks were isolated using the affinity chromatography. The Arg-X （tryptase） activity was assessed by cleavage of Arg-X bonds in the arginine-enriched protein protamine. Hypersensitivity to the Arg-X proteolysis in trypsin-like complexes detected at the level suprastructures of chromatin tightly bound with the nuclear matrix was shown. The most active changes of the nuclear proteome have occurred at the level of the non-histone proteins and the core histones （H2A ＋ H2B） （H3 ＋ H4） of induced to growth embryos-seedlings of winter wheat （compared to the initial spring form of wheat）. Perhaps hypersensitivity to the Arg-X activity of the trypsin-like complexes in the non-histone proteins and the core blocks of chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix have been entrenched during the transforming of the winter wheat from the initial spring wheat.展开更多
Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally...Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally cold and its rotational state distribution conformed to be a Boltzmann behavior, characterized by a rotational temperature of 1040±110 K. The rotational energy of OH was determined to be 8.78±0.84 kJ/mol. Between the two spinorbit states of OH, ^2Ⅱ3/2 and ^2Ⅱ1/2, the former was found to be preferentially populated. The distribution of the II（A＇） state for the A-doublet was dominant. Finally, a probable mechanism for the formation of OH produced from the photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid is discussed.展开更多
We report a new strategy to prepare gold nanoflowers （AuNFs） using a two-step seed-mediated method. The as-prepared AuNFs were employed as surface-enhance Raman scattering （SERS） substrates, showing strong signal ...We report a new strategy to prepare gold nanoflowers （AuNFs） using a two-step seed-mediated method. The as-prepared AuNFs were employed as surface-enhance Raman scattering （SERS） substrates, showing strong signal enhancement. We further found that iodide ions （I^-） could selectively induce the morphological transformation of AuNFs to spheres, resulting in a blue-shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance （LSPR） bands, a color change of the AuNFs solution from blue to red, and decreased SERS activity. This behavior allows the AuNFs to be used in the determination of I^-.展开更多
Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleur...Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleurodema thaul tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly Rhionaeschna varie- gata responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclu- sive. Our results suggest that in P. thaultadpoles （1） burst speed is not important to evade preda- tors, （2） those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and （3） morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in P. thaul tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, al- though there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81173259/H2708
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of Tangweian Jianji （TWAJJ） on the biomechanical and morphometrical remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats. METHODS： Diabetes was induced in 27 rats by in- jecting streptozotocin （40 mg/kg body weight）, the animals were then divided into three groups （n = 9 in each group）, i.e., diabetic control （DM）; high dose （10 g/kg, T1） and low dose （5 g/kg, T2）. Another 10 rats acted as normal controls （Control）. TWAJJ was admin- istered by gavage once daily. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. Circumferential length, wall thickness and opening angle were measured from esophageal, duodenal, jejunal and ileal ring segments. The residual strain was calculated from the morpho- metric data. Step-wise distension was carried out on esophageal and jejunal segments. The obtained data on the length, diameter and pressure changes were then used to calculate the circumferential and longitu- dinal stresses and strains. Real-time reverse transcrip- tion polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the receptor of advanced glycation end-products （RAGE） mRNA level in jejunal tissues. RESULTS： At the end of the experiment, the blood glucose level was significantly higher and the serum insulin level was significantly lower in DM, T1 and T2 groups than in the control group （Glucose： 30.23 ± 0.41 mmol/L, 27.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L and 27.84 ± 0.29 mmol/ L vs 5.05 ± 0.04 mmol/L, P = 1.65 x 10-16, P = 5.89 x 1019 and P = 1.63 x 10-Is, respectively; Insulin： 1.47 ± 0.32 °tg/L, 2.66 ± 0.44 pg/L, 2.03 ± 0.29 pg/L and 4.17 ± 0.54 pg/L, P = 0.0001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.025, re- spectively）. However, these levels did not differ among the DM, T1 and T2 groups. The wet weight per unit length, wall thickness and opening angle of esophageal and intestinal segments in the DM group were signifi- cantly higher than those in the control group （from P = 0.009 to P = 0.004）. These parameters in the T1 group were significantly lower than those in the DM group （wet weight, duodenum： 0.147 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.158 ± 0.001 g/cm, P = 0.047; jejunum, 0.127 ± 0.003 g/cm vs 0.151：1：0.002 g/cm, P = 0.017; ileum, 0.127 ± 0.004 g/cm vs 0.139 ± 0.003 g/cm, P = 0.046; wall thickness, esophagus： 0.84±0.03 mm vs 0.94 ± 0.02 ram, P = 0.014; duodenum： 1.27 ± 0.06 mm vs 1.39 ± 0.05 ram, P = 0.031; jejunum： 1.19 ± 0.07 mm vs 1.34 ± 0.04 mm, P = 0.047; ileum： 1.09 ± 0.04 mm vs 1.15 ± 0.03 mm, P = 0.049; opening angle, esophagus： 112.2 ± 13.2° vs 134.7 ± 14.7°, P = 0.027; duodenum： 105.9 ± 12.3° vs 123.1 ± 13.1°, P = 0.046; jejunum： 90.1 ± 15.4° vs 115.5 ± 13.3°, P = 0.044; ileum： 112.9 ± 13.4° vs 136.1 ± 17.1°, P = 0.035）. In the esophageal and jejunal segments, the inner residual stain was significantly smaller and the outer residual strain was larger in the DN group than in the control group （P = 0.022 and P = 0.035）. T1 treatment significantly restored this biomechanical alteration （P = 0.011 and P = 0.019）, but T2 treatment did not. Fur- thermore, the circumferential and longitudinal stiffness of the esophageal and jejunal wall increased in the DM group compared with those in the control group. T1, but not T2 treatment, significantly decreased the cir- cumferential wall stiffness in the jejunal segment （P = 0.012） and longitudinal wall stiffness in the esophageal segment （P = 0.023）. The mRNA level of RAGE was significantly decreased in the T1 group compared to that in the DN group （P = 0.0069）. CONCLUSION： TWAJJ （high dose） treatment partly restored the morphometric and biomechanical remodel- ing of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetic rats.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology Foundation for Research Discipline Project (06411941)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (J50305)
文摘Objective To observe the influence of Shenqing Recipe (SQR), a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on the morphology and quantity of colonic interstitial ceils of Cajal (ICC) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis, and to investigate the possible mechanism of SQR in regulating intestinal dynamics. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal control, model Ⅰ , model Ⅱ, mesalazine, and high-dose, and low-dose SQR groups with 10 rats in each group. TNBS (10 mg) dissolved in 50% ethanol was instilled into the lumen of the rat colon of the latter five groups to induce colitis. On the 4th day after administration of TNBS, each treatment group was administered one of the following formulations by enteroclysis gavage once a day for 7 days: 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 mesalazine, 2.4g^-1·d^-1 SQR, and 1.2g^-1·d^-1 SQR. Model Ⅱ rats received normal saline solution. After 7 days colonic samples were collected. While the colonic samples of model I group were collected on the 3rd day after TNBS administered. Ultrastructure of ICC in the damaged colonic tissues was observed with transmission electron microscope. Expression of c-kit protein in colonic tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. Results The ultrastructure of colonic ICC in the rat model of TNBS-induced colitis showed a severe injury, and administration of SQR or mesalazine reduced the severity of injury. Similarly, the expression of c-kit protein of TNBS-induced colitis rat model was significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P〈0.05). Treatment with SQR or mesalazine significantly increased the expression of c-kit protein compared with the administration of control formulations (P〈0.05), especially the high-dose SQR group. Conclusion SQR could alleviate and repair the injured ICC, and improve its quantity, which might be involved in regulating intestinal motility.
文摘The purpose of this study was to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics of localization of protease-sensitive sites Arg-X in non-histone and histone blocks of heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin, nuclear matrix） as possible zones affecting the conformational rearrangements of the total interphase chromatin at the induction of increasing morphogenesis of mature embryos-germs of spring and transformed from its winter wheat. Germinated embryos-germs were detached from endosperm after 24 hours from the start of soaking. Cell nuclei have been allocated from embryos-germs and cleared, and then from their heteropolymer suprastructures （nucleoplasm, chromatin loosely bound with nuclear matrix and chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix, and nuclear matrix） were extracted by increasing ionic strength of solution. From isolated nuclear suprastructures, non-histone proteins were separated from histones using ion exchange chromatography. Trypsin-like complexes from non-histone proteins and histone blocks were isolated using the affinity chromatography. The Arg-X （tryptase） activity was assessed by cleavage of Arg-X bonds in the arginine-enriched protein protamine. Hypersensitivity to the Arg-X proteolysis in trypsin-like complexes detected at the level suprastructures of chromatin tightly bound with the nuclear matrix was shown. The most active changes of the nuclear proteome have occurred at the level of the non-histone proteins and the core histones （H2A ＋ H2B） （H3 ＋ H4） of induced to growth embryos-seedlings of winter wheat （compared to the initial spring form of wheat）. Perhaps hypersensitivity to the Arg-X activity of the trypsin-like complexes in the non-histone proteins and the core blocks of chromatin tightly bound with nuclear matrix have been entrenched during the transforming of the winter wheat from the initial spring wheat.
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by tile National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20721004 and No.20833008）. Can-hua Zhou sincerely wishes to express thanks to Dr. Ju-long Sun for assistance in the experiments.
文摘Photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid at 266 nm was investigated by probing the nascent OH photoproduct employing the laser-induced fluorescence technique. It was found that the nascent OH radical was vibrationally cold and its rotational state distribution conformed to be a Boltzmann behavior, characterized by a rotational temperature of 1040±110 K. The rotational energy of OH was determined to be 8.78±0.84 kJ/mol. Between the two spinorbit states of OH, ^2Ⅱ3/2 and ^2Ⅱ1/2, the former was found to be preferentially populated. The distribution of the II（A＇） state for the A-doublet was dominant. Finally, a probable mechanism for the formation of OH produced from the photodissociation of p-aminobenzoic acid is discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21305113)the Chongqing Fundamental and Advanced Research Project (cstc2013jcyjA50008)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2015B029)the fund of State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry (Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (SKLEAC201312)the Research Fund for the Doctor Program of Southwest University (swu111077)
文摘We report a new strategy to prepare gold nanoflowers （AuNFs） using a two-step seed-mediated method. The as-prepared AuNFs were employed as surface-enhance Raman scattering （SERS） substrates, showing strong signal enhancement. We further found that iodide ions （I^-） could selectively induce the morphological transformation of AuNFs to spheres, resulting in a blue-shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance （LSPR） bands, a color change of the AuNFs solution from blue to red, and decreased SERS activity. This behavior allows the AuNFs to be used in the determination of I^-.
文摘Most studies of predator-induced plasticity have focused on documenting how prey species re- spond to predators by modifying phenotypic traits and how traits correlate with fitness. We have previously shown that Pleurodema thaul tadpoles exposed to the dragonfly Rhionaeschna varie- gata responded strongly by showing morphological changes, less activity, and better survival than non-exposed tadpoles. Here, we tested whether there is a functional link between morphological plasticity and increased survival in the presence of predators. Tadpoles that experienced predation risk were smaller, less developed, and much less active than tadpoles without this experience. Burst speed did not correlate significantly with morphological changes and predator-induced deeper tails did not act as a lure to divert predator strikes away from the head. Although we have previously found that tadpoles with predator-induced morphology survive better under a direct predator threat, our results on the functional link between morphology and fitness are not conclu- sive. Our results suggest that in P. thaultadpoles （1） burst speed is not important to evade preda- tors, （2） those exposed to predators reduce their activity, and （3） morphological changes do not divert predator attacks away from areas that compromise tadpole survivalEE. Our results show that morphological changes in P. thaul tadpoles do not explain burst speed or lure attraction, al- though there was a clear reduction of activity, which itself reduces predation. We propose that changes in tadpole activity could be further analyzed from another perspective, with morphological change as an indirect product of behavior mediated by physiological mechanisms.
