Ti6Al4V表面激光渗碳磨削及其强化机理

目的利用激光渗碳磨技术,研究Ti6Al4V表面性-形协同控制机理。方法以Ti6Al4V为研究对象,提出了一种高效的加工强化一体化技术——激光渗碳磨削。即对工件表面预涂覆渗碳膏,并置于马弗炉中干燥,形成稳定的固态碳源。采用激光辅热的方式对磨削加工过程进行表面性形协同抗疲劳制造。通过对比实验研究了激光渗碳磨削和传统磨削对Ti6Al4V表面力学性能和加工表面质量的影响。对Ti6Al4V表面微相组成、硬度、耐磨性和表面粗糙度进行表征。探究了激光渗碳合金化对材料磨削去除的正向作用以及磨削热回火对重熔层性能的调节作用。结果激光辅热足以使磨削表面温度高达1700℃,实现表面主动渗碳,且激光渗碳磨削后,Ti6Al4V表面形成具有均匀树枝状晶和颗粒状碳化物的重熔层,加工表面硬度达到850HV,磨损损失仅为常规磨削的6.7%,表面粗糙度Ra降低22%。结论激光渗碳磨是一种高效的Ti6Al4V表面性-形协同制造新技术。渗碳重熔层不仅提高了加工表面力学性能,还会影响表层材料的磨削特性,使加工表面更加光整。该技术实现了磨削加工-强化一体化制造,对指导工业生产具有重要的实际意义。

镍基高温合金旋压成形技术研究现状

镍基高温合金薄壁构件是高端装备的核心零部件,旋压成形是实现此类零件高精度、高性能制造最有效的方法之一。从可旋性、旋压成形质量、微观组织演变及形/性一体化控制等方面对镍基高温合金旋压成形技术研究进展进行综述。分析了镍基高温合金流动旋压时不同坯料初始组织和成形温度条件下的可旋性;总结了旋压成形参数对宏观成形质量的影响规律;阐述了筒形件室温流动旋压及热流动旋压成形时微观组织演变机制;探讨了热流动旋压成形时的形/性一体化控制方法。

模具清洁热处理过程的形性精确控制

大型汽车覆盖件模具、精密锻造模具和精密注塑模具等关键高档模具对热处理的精密性、耐磨性、抗氧化性以及冲击韧性等指标提出了更为苛刻的要求,采用先进热处理技术以实现形性精确控制成为必然趋势。与此同时,节能减排和清洁生产是我国建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必然选择和实现"碳达峰"目标的必由之路。因此,推广真空热处理、激光淬火、PVD镀膜等先进清洁热处理技术在模具行业的应用成为提高我国模具制造行业技术水平的重要途径。针对模具清洁热处理过程的形性精确控制的现状、问题以及未来发展趋势进行了综述,并提出了推广应用模具清洁热处理技术与装备的具体建议。

Shear deformation and plate shape control of hot-rolled aluminium alloy thick plate prepared by asymmetric rolling process

Asymmetric rolling （ASR）, as one of severe plastic deformation （SPD） methods to make ultra-fine materials with enhanced performance is mainly used to prepare foil and thin strip. The asymmetrical rolling was achieved by adjusting the diameters of the upper roll and the bottom roll and was used to prepare hot-rolled thick plate of 5182 aluminium alloy. The shear deformation and plate shape control were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that asymmetrical rolling has a significant effect on metal deformation stream and can somehow refine microstructure and improve the uniformity of microstructure and properties. The asymmetrical rolling process can also reduce the rolling force. However, bending of rolling plate often happens during asymmetrical rolling process. The factors affecting the bending were discussed.

DETERMINATION OF PRESSURIZING CURVE AND COMPUTER CONTROL OF THICKNESS THINNING FOR SUPERPLASTIC BULGING

This paper proposes the assumption that the flow with viscous friction is the stretch of part of the sheet that lies along the walls of a die during the process of superplastic bulging according to superplastic flow equation and geometrical model of bulging of a sheet into a long trapezoid groove or truncated cone, by introducing the friction-factor P which describes the friction effect on the process. Also, the paper proposes the method of controlling thickness nonuniformity and develops the equipment which for uniform thickness of bulging, is automatically controlled with a computerl it also analyzes the important innuence of lubrication on thickness distribution of bulging materials. By the assumption, the relationship between bulging pressure and time is obtained in bulging of a sheet into the groove and cone, and p-t curve of multi-mould-cavity complicated bulging is discussed based on the analysis of single-mould-cavity bulging characteristics.

Deformation mechanism and stability control of roadway along a fault subjected to mining

It is difficult to maintain the roadway around a fault because of the fractured surroundings, complex stress environment, and large and intense deformation in the mining process. Based on a tailgate of panel $2205 in Tunliu colliery, in Shanxi province, China, we investigated the evolution of stress and displace- ment of rocks surrounding the roadway during the drivage and mining period using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field trial methods. We analyzed the deformation and failure mechanisms of the tailgate near a fault. The deformation of surrounding rock caused by unloading in the drivage period is large and asymmetric, the roadway convergence increases with activation of the fault and secondary fracture develops in the mining period. Therefore, we proposed a specific control technique of the road- way along a fault as follows： （1） High-strength yielding bolt not only supports the shallow rock to load- bearing structures, but also releases primary deformation energy by use of a pressure release device in order to achieve high resistance to the pressure retained： （2） Grouting of near-fault ribside after initial stabilization of the rock deformation is used to reinforce the broken rock, and to improve the integral load-bearing capacity ol~ the roadway. The research results were successfully applied to a field trial.

Morphology Control of Anatase TiO2 by Surfactant-assisted Hydrothermal Method

By hydrolysing titanium isopropoxide in a long hydrocarbon chain surfactant-containing solution, TiO2 fine particles with a diversity of well-defined morphologies was synthesized in this study by a hydrothermal route. The structural change during the formation process was monitored by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. TiO2 with various morphologies such as particle, sheet, rod, tube and flower-like shape was obtained by carefully controlling the preparation conditions. The experimental results show that the pH value is crucial for shape control of the produced TiO2 because it can change the charge state of the surfactant in the solution and the adsorption potential of the surfactant on the TiO2 surface. The shape evolvement of anatase TiO2 was elucidated by quenching the reaction at different stage and the formation mechanism of different shaped TiO2 was suggested.

Numerical Analysis of Finite Deformation of Overbroken Rock Mass in Gob Area Based on Euler Model of Control Volume

The overbroken rock mass of gob areas is made up of broken and accumulated rock blocks compressed to some extent by the overlying strata. The beating pressure of the gob can directly affect the safety of mining fields, formarion of road retained along the next goaf and seepage of water and methane through the gob. In this paper, the software RFPA＇2000 is used to construct numerical models. Especially the Euler method of control volume is proposed to solve the simulation difficulty arising from plastically finite deformations. The results show that three characteristic regions occurred in the gob area： （1） a naturally accumulated region, 0-10 m away from unbroken surrounding rock walls, where the beating pressure is nearly zero; （2） an overcompacted region, 10-20 m away from unbroken walls, where the beating pressure results in the maximum value of the gob area; （3） a stable compaction region, more than 20 m away from unbroken walls and occupying absolutely most of the gob area, where the beating pressures show basically no differences. Such a characteristic can exolain the easy-seeoaged “O”-ring phenomena around mining fields very well.

Improving single pass reduction during cold rolling by controlling initial texture of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet

The AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets obtained by multi-pass hot rolling were applied to cold rolling and the maximum single pass cold rolling reduction prior to failure of AZ31 magnesium alloy was enhanced to 41%. Larger single pass rolling reduction led to weaker texture during the multi-pass hot rolling procedure. The sheet obtained showed weak basal texture, while the value was only 1/3-1/2 that of general as-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheets. It was beneficial for the enhancement of further cold rolling formability despite of the coarser grain size. The deformation mechanism for the formation of texture in AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet was also analyzed in detail.

Cold stamping for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet of cell phone house

Electric product house of magnesium alloy sheet is usually obtained by warm stamping owing to its poor plasticity and formability at room temperature.The formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet can be improved by repeated unidirectional bending(RUB)process through control of(0002)basal texture.Compared with as-received sheet,the Erichsen value(IE)of the sheet underwent RUB process increases to 5.90 from 3.53 at room temperature.It is also confirmed that cell phone houses could be stamped successfully in crank press with AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets underwent RUB process.It provides an alternative to the electronics industry in the application of magnesium alloys.

Study on Biological Characters of Asparagus macowanii Baker.

Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.

A NOVEL CONSISTENCY CONTROL ALGORITHM IN COOPERATIVE GRAPHICS EDITOR(CGE)

The research work presented in this paper is based on the concrete background ofthe Cooperative Graphics Editor (CGE), allowing two or more persons to remotely edit a graphicdocument simultaneously. A new concurrency control algorithm based on partial order set ispresented, which has fast response and less undo-redo operations as there are no lock mechanisms.It is used to solve inconsistency caused by operation on intersecting graphics concurrently. CGEalso possesses a mask strategy to solve inconsistency caused by operation on the same graphicconcurrently.

Multi-scale interactions in interpersonal coordination

Background:Interpersonal coordination is an essential aspect of daily life,and crucial to performance in cooperative and competitive team sports.While empirical research has investigated interpersonal coordination using a wide variety of analytical tools and frameworks,to date very few studies have employed multifractal techniques to study the nature of interpersonal coordination across multiple spatiotemporal scales.In the present study we address this gap.Methods:We investigated the dynamics of a simple dyadic interpersonal coordination task where each participant manually controlled a virtual object in relation to that of his or her partner.We tested whether the resulting hand-movement time series exhibits multi-scale properties and whether those properties are associated with successful performance.Results:Using the formalism of multifractals,we show that the performance on the coordination task is strongly multi-scale,and that the multi-scale properties appear to arise from interaction-dominant dynamics.Further,we find that the measure of across-scale interactions,multifractal spectrum width,predicts successful performance at the level of the dyad.Conclusion:The results are discussed with respect to the implications of multifractals and interaction-dominance for understanding control in an interpersonal context.

An Effect of Temperature and Notch Geometry on Correlated Toughness of a Stainless Steel

To determine the toughness of materials, Charpy V notch test has been widely used over the world. Originally, the Charpy-V or U tests were used mainly as a quality control tests. In this paper, effects of temperature and notch geometry on variation of toughness/yield stress ratio were investigated. The experimental work has been performed on austenitic stainless steel 316L using Charpy tests and carried out at temperature range from 20 ℃ to 250 ℃ on different dimension of V- and U-notch specimens. Energy of fracture was determined directly from machine tests. Furthermore, Barsoum correlation has been applied to determine toughness/yield stress ratio as function of temperature. In addition, several parameters were investigated namely specimen thickness and notch cut angles. U-notch specimen offers a high resistance comparatively to the V-notch and that toughness depends on temper situation and orientation of notch relative to the rolling direction.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Its Morphological Control

Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in AgNO3 aqueous solution using nanocarbon as template medium and polymer surfactant as protecting agent in an ultrasonic field.The polymer surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was self-prepared and used directly in aqueous solution form.The molecular weight of PVP was measured by viscosimeter.The crystalline phase,component,size,and morphology of the as-synthesized silver naoparticles were characterized by XRD,TEM,FTIR,and Laser Granularity Instrument.The results indicated that ultrasonic was the key factor to deoxidize Ag+ to be Ago,nanocarbon and polymer surfactants accelerated the deoxidization reaction course and controlled the agglomeration of freshly formed silver nanoparticles,the category of polymer surfactant had decisive effect on the morphology of as-synthesized nanoparticle.Well-defined dendrites silver nanoparticle could be attained when choosing PVP as surfactant in AgNO3 aqueous solution,while regular sphere silver nanoparticle could be synthesized in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)surfactant.Moreover,the concentration of AgNO3 and ultrasonic action time also had obvious effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticle,low concentration of AgNO3 and long time of ultrasonic were not in favor of forming dendrite silver.

难变形金属热强旋成形技术及研究现状

热强旋成形方法可利用材料在高温状态下变形抗力减小、塑性与可旋性提高及旋压成形工艺成形力小、成形工具简单、材料利用率高等特点,实现难变形金属零件的塑性成形。从难变形金属的热强旋可旋性、宏观质量控制、微观组织演变等方面对难变形金属热强旋技术进行了综述,介绍了难变形金属在上述三方面的研究现状。分析结果表明,目前的研究主要针对钛合金宏观成形质量,而对难变形金属旋压组织性能控制方面的研究较少;高温合金热强旋成形是难变形金属塑性成形的研究难点;提出了将宏观成形质量与微观组织演变进行形/性一体化控制是难变形金属热强旋成形研究的发展趋势。

航天结构产品精确高效制造工程展望

我国航天产业化发展及市场需求的快速增长对航天结构产品的制造能力提出了挑战,实现由传统研制型的面向单件生产的"一对一验合协调"方式向面向批量生产型的"批次性互换协调"方式的转变是推动航天结构产品制造能力提升的关键。在分析国内航天结构产品制造技术现状和汽车车身制造2mm工程成功经验的基础上,阐述了航天结构产品制造形性控制的特殊性,提出了开展航天结构产品精确高效制造工程的研究思路和技术体系,并给出了运载火箭箭体结构精确高效制造的重点研究内容。

Morphology-dependent nanocatalysis on metal oxides

The design and fabrication of solid nanomaterials are the key issues in heterogeneous catalysis to achieve desired performance. Traditionally, the main theme is to reduce the size of the catalyst particles as small as possible for maximizing the number of active sites. In recent years, the rapid advancement in materials science has enabled us to fabricate catalyst particles with tuna- ble morphology. Consequently, both size modulation and morphology control of the catalyst particles can be achieved inde- pendently or synergistically to optimize their catalytic properties. In particular, morphology control of solid catalyst particles at the nanometer level can selectively expose the reactive crystal facets, and thus drastically promote their catalytic performance. In this review, we summarize our recent work on the morphology impact of Co304, CeO2 and Fe203 nanomaterials in catalytic reactions, together with related literature on morphology-dependent nanocatalysis of metal oxides, to demonstrate the importance of tuning the shape of oxide-nanocatalysts for prompting their activity, selectivity and stability, which is a rapidly growing topic in heterogeneous catalysis. The fundamental understanding of the active sites in morphology-tunable oxides that are enclosed by reactive crystal facets is expected to direct the development of highly efficient nanocatalysts.

细长薄壁发动机金属壳体精密制造技术

阐述了实现细长薄壁发动机金属壳体精密制造形/性一体化控制的两种主要技术途径,描述了形变热处理和形变时效强化技术方案加工金属壳体的技术路线及金属材料强化机理,研究获得了F154钢、30Cr3钢、30CrMnSiA钢、T250马氏体时效钢壳体旋压热处理工艺的关键参数。应用570~610℃的坯料调质预强化回火温度和75%以上的旋压变形率,可实现F154钢、30CrMnSi钢、30Cr3钢壳体形/性一体化控制目标,形变强化对强度的贡献率约为20%~30%;T250钢按固溶温度为(820±10)℃、时效温度为(520±20)℃进行热处理可获得抗拉强度大于等于1700 MPa的发动机金属壳体。

Shape-controlled Pt nanocubes directly grown on carbon supports and their electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation

Synthesis of shape-controlled Pt nanocrystals is substantial and important for enhancing chemical and electrochemical reactions.However,the removal of capping agents,shape-controlling chemicals,on Pt surfaces is essential prior to conducting the catalytic reactions.Here we report a facile one-pot synthesis of Pt nanocubes directly grown on carbon supports(Pt nanocubes/C) with modulating the kinetic reaction factors for shaping the nanocrystals,but without adding any capping agents for preserving the clean Pt surfaces.Well-dispersed Pt nanocubes/C shows enhanced activity and long-term stability toward methanol oxidation reaction compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst.