等色点-形成度法高配位数的逐级配位平衡的研究

利用等色点的特点 ,通过测定配合物的形成度 ,建立了含有高配位比的逐级配合物稳定常数的测定方法。在 0 .75mol/LH2 SO4溶液和过量溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在的介质中 ,试用于Sn(Ⅳ )和邻硝基苯基萤光酮体系 ,测得 β1∶2 =1 931× 1 0 1 1 ,β1∶4=2 .1 35× 1 0 2

论习近平文化思想形成的四个维度

习近平从坚持人民性与"中国梦"人本立场统一中形成新文化思想价值维度,继承中华优秀传统文化与发展创新统一中形成新文化思想历史维度,世界文化交流与增进共识中形成新文化思想开放维度,培育和践行社会主义核心价值观与提高中华民族文明素质统一中形成新文化思想实践维度,四维度逻辑序列清晰,有机结合,成为一体,充分体现其新文化思想形成的逻辑性和科学性,极大地丰富了中国特色社会主义文化理论体系。

新中国成立初期国家与社会关系形成的三个维度:汲取、组织、灌输

要理解新中国成立初期“超强国家一极弱社会”模式的形成路径,可以从汲取、组织和灌输三个维度展开分析。国家政权汲取财政,通过统一财经、统购统销,进行三大改造,建立国民经济计划管理体系,把一切经济组织纳入国家行政组织结构,形成了对经济领域的超强控制。国家行政组织的触角向社会延伸,通过开展运动、建立基层党组织、制定制度强化社会成员对国家的依附关系,形成对社会领域的超强控制。国家通过清理西方国家在中国建立的宣传机构,开展意识形态运动,利用文化教育机构灌输意识形态等保证对文化思想方面的控制。通过汲取财政、建立党组织、灌输意识形态三种形式,新中国在成立初期形成了国家和社会高度一体化的国家与社会关系模式。

2n量子系统二参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度

对于任意的两体量子系统,总可以通过局域操作和经典通讯变换成二参量的一类态。本文计算了2n量子系统的两参量一类态的量子相对熵纠缠度,找到了与其最接近的可分离态,得出了具体的解析表达式,并与其他纠缠的度量—负值度和形成纠缠度作了比较,三种纠缠的度量从大到小的依次为负值度、形成纠缠度和量子相对熵纠缠度。

地下金融对我国资本形成与国民储蓄偏离影响探析

本文根据1982～2004年有关数据计算了我国“资本形成与国民储蓄偏离度”。在此基础上,引入“地下部门的净金融投资占国民储蓄的比重”、“实际利率”及“实际投资增长率”变量建立计量模型,实证分析了各个变量对“资本形成与国民储蓄偏离度”的影响程度。研究结果表明,地下金融活动会导致资本形成与国民储蓄正向偏离,从而影响国家宏观经济调控能力。

Crack elimination and strength enhancement mechanisms of selective laser melted Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting(SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy,a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was designed.The effect of Si alloying on the surface quality,processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was studied.The results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation,refined the grain size,and reduced the solidification temperature,which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the alloy.The maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were(371±7)MPa and(518±6)MPa,respectively.These values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

衡量课堂教学质量的六个“维度”

随着我们对课堂教学认识的提高,教师们正在改变过去那种“选择适合教育的学生”的做法,正在创造“适合于学生”的教育。教学怎样面向全体学生,怎样促进学生学习质量的全面提高,已成为教育管理者评价课堂教学质量的重要指标。一节课上得好不好,课堂教学质量高不高,用什么来衡量呢？

Modified MK model combined with ductile fracture criterion and its application in warm hydroforming

A modified MK model combined with ductile fracture criterion（DFC-MK model） is proposed to compute the forming limit diagrams（FLDs） of 5A06-O aluminum alloy sheet at different temperatures.The material constant（C） of ductile fracture criterion and initial thickness imperfection parameter（f0） at various temperatures are determined by using a new computing method based on wide sheet bending test.The FLDs at 20 and 200 °C are calculated through the DFC-MK model.The DFC-MK model,which includes the influence of through-thickness normal stress,is written into the subroutine VUMAT embedded in Abaqus/ Explicit.The cylindrical cup hydroforming tests are carried out to verify the model.The results show that compared with experimental observations,the predicted FLDs based on DFC-MK model are more accurate than the conventional MK model;the errors between the simulations and experiments in warm hydroforming are 8.23% at 20 °C and 9.24% at 200 °C,which verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy prepared by solid state recycling

Machined chips of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy were consolidated by cold pressing and then hot extrusion under various processing temperatures and extrusion ratios. The results show that the microstructure of the chip-extruded alloy is marked by a large number of recrystallized grains and some unrecrystallized grains, which results in high strength but low ductility at temperatures below 320 ℃. With increasing processing temperature up to 360 ℃, entirely recrystallized and equiaxed grains are obtained. Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy with low strength but high ductility is obtained compared with the alloy processed at low temperature. At 420℃, coarse and equiaxed grains are formed, which results in the drastic decrease of mechanical properties. With increasing extrusion ratio from 8 to 16, the grain refinement is more obvious and the mechanical properties at room temperature are improved effectively. However, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are improved a little with further increasing extrusion ratio.

Viscous warm pressure bulging process of AZ31B magnesium alloy with different ellipticity dies

Based on the bulging principle of different ellipticity dies, the methyl vinyl silicone rubber with excellent thermal stability and heat transfer performance was chosen as the viscous medium. The finite element analysis and experiments of viscous warm pressure bulging （VWPB） of AZ31B magnesium alloy were conducted to analyze the influence of different ellipticity dies on the formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy. At the same time, based on the grid strain rule, the forming limit diagram （FLD） of VWPB of AZ31B magnesium alloy was obtained through measuring the strain of bulging specimens. The results showed that at the temperature range of viscous medium thermal stability, the viscous medium can fit the geometry variation of sheet and generate non-uniform pressure field, and as the die ellipticity increases, the difference value of non-uniform pressure reduces. Meanwhile, according to the FLD, the relationship between part complexity and ultimate deformation was investigated.

Effect of cooling rate on morphology of primary particles in Al-Sc-Zr master alloy

Al-1.0%Sc-1.0%Zr （mass fraction） master alloy was prepared at different cooling rates. The morphology and thermodynamics data of the primary particles of the master alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. It shows that the primary particles are dendrite-shaped particles comprised of several attached small cubic, cusped-cubic or crucifer shape particles at slow cooling rate. However, the primary particles are separated with crucifer shape at intermediate cooling rate, and they are cubic with cusped-cubic shape at high cooling rate. Meanwhile, the separated and attached particles present AlaSc/AlaZr1-xScx core-shell structure. The formation mechanism of the structure was systematically investigated by a mathematical model.

Establishment of size-dependant constitutive model of micro-sheet metal materials

The inherent mechanism of size effect in micro-sheet material behavior of plastic forming was explained by the surface layer model and theory of metal crystal plasticity. A size-dependant constitutive model based on the surface layer model was established by introducing the scale parameters and modifying the classical Hall-Petch equation. The influence of the geometric dimensions and the grain size on the flow behavior of the material was discussed using the new material constitutive model. The results show that, the flow stress decreases while the sheet metal thickness decreases when the grain size keeps constant, and the micro-sheet metal with a larger grain size is more easily to be influenced by the size effects. The material constitutive model established is validated by the stress-strain curve of the micro-sheet metal with different thicknesses derived from the tensile experiments. The rationality of the material model is verified by the fact that the calculation results are consistent with the experimental results.

Simulation of temperature field and metal flow during continuous semisolid extending extrusion process of 6201 alloy tube

A continuous semisolid extending extrusion （CSEP） method was proposed. Temperature field and metal flow during continuous semisolid extending extrusion process of 6201 alloy tube were studied. During the process, the temperature in the roll-shoe cavity decreases gradually, and the isothermal lines of the alloy deviate from the shoe side to the work roll side in the roll–shoe gap. Metal flow velocity decreases gradually from the surface of the work roll to the surface of the shoe. In the extrusion mould, alloy temperature decreases gradually from the entrance to the exit and from the center to the sidewall of the mould. The extending cavity is radially filled with the alloy. The flow lines in the tube corresponding to the centers of the splitflow orifices and the welding gaps are dense, and the corresponding harness values are high; there are 8 transitional bands between them. In order to prepare 6201 alloy tubes with good surface quality, the pouring temperature from 750 ℃ to 780 ℃ was suggested.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS EVOLUTION AND FORMABILITY OF INTERSTITIAL FREE SHEET STEEL TO GRAIN SIZE AND SHEET THICKNESS

Experimental study has been conducted for an interstitial free(IF) sheet steel on its surface roughness evolution and formability with respect to grain size and sheet thickness effect. The surface roughness of IF sheet steel is proportional to effective strain, grain size and inversely proportional to sheet thickness; the larger grain reduces the formability by accelerating the surface roughening rate and enhance formability by raising the workhardening rate, while the latter effect plays the dominate role. The grain size effect on surface roughening and formability is more obvious when the sheets are thinner.

Springback and tensile strength of 2A97 aluminum alloy during age forming

The analysis of variance(ANOVA), multiple quadratic regression and radial basis function artificial neural network(RBFANN) methods were used to study the springback and tensile strength in age forming of 2A97 aluminum alloy based on orthogonal array. The ANOVA analysis indicates that the springback reaches the minimum value when age forming is performed at 210 °C for 20 h using a single-curvature die with a radius of 400 mm, and the tensile strength reaches the maximum value when age forming is performed at 180 °C for 15 h using a single-curvature die with a radius of 1000 mm. The orders of the importance for the three factors of pre-deformation radius, aging temperature and aging time on the springback and tensile strength were determined. By analyzing the predicted results of the multiple quadratic regression and RBFANN methods, the prediction accuracy of the RBFANN model is higher than that of the regression model.

Effect of process parameters on sheath forming of continuous extrusion sheathing of aluminum

The effect of flow passage length in the die cavity and extrusion wheel velocity on the shape of aluminum sheath during the continuous extrusion sheathing process was analyzed by using finite element methods based on software DEFORM 3D and experimentally validated. The results show that by increasing the flow passage length, the velocity of metal at the cross-section of sheath tends toward uniformity, the values of the bending angles of sheath gradually approach the ideal value of zero and the cross-section exhibits a better shape. The extrusion wheel velocity has negligible effects on the bending shape and cross-section of the sheath product when a long flow passage is used.

Effect of alkali treatments on apatite formation of microarc-oxidized coating on titanium alloy surface

Alkali treatments with three concentrations were used to modify a microarc-oxidized(MAO) coating on titanium alloy surface in order to further improve its surface bioactivity. Morphology, chemical compositions and phase constitues, roughness, contact angle and apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings were studied and compared. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was applied to observe the morphologies, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to detect the phase constitutes and chemical compositions, a surface topography profilometer was used to analyze the surface roughness, and contact angle was measured by liquid drop method. Alkali treatements result in the formation of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti3O7 phase on the MAO coating, which leads to the increase of surface roughness and the decrease of contact angle. Experimental results showed that the apatite induction of the alkali-treated coatings was dependent on the applied alkali concentrations during treatments, and Na+concentration can promote the formation of apatite phase.

Effects of melt overheating degree on undercooling degree and amorphous forming of Nd_9Fe_(85-x)Ti_4C_2B_x(x=10, 12) magnetic alloys

The effectsof melt overheating degree on the undercooling degree and resultant solidification structures of Nd9Fe85-xTi4C2Bx（x=10, 12） glass-forming alloyswerestudied by differential thermal analysis combining with solidification structure analysis. The results indicate that the undercooling degree of Nd9Fe85-xTi4C2Bx（x=10, 12） alloys significantly increaseswith the rise of melt overheating degree, and two overheating degree thresholds corresponding to the drastic increase of the mean undercooling degree are found for each of the alloys. The existence of two turning points of the mean undercooling degreescan be linked to the structure transitions inside the overheated melts, which result in the evident increase of volume fraction of amorphous phasein the solidified structures.

Effects of pouring temperature and cylinder temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of rheomoulding AZ91D alloy

An advanced rheomoulder,which is a device in the integration of melting metal,storage,slurry preparation,transportation and injection forming,was introduced and used to manufacture rheomoulding AZ91 D alloy.Effects of pouring temperature and cylinder temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of rheomoulding AZ91 D alloy were investigated.The results show that the process can obtain such rheomoulding AZ91 D in which primary α-Mg particles are fine,spherical and uniformly distributed in the matrix.With the decrease of pouring temperature,the morphology of primary α-Mg particles changes from coarse rosette-like to fine spherical shape gradually.As the cylinder temperature decreases,the average size of primary α-Mg particles decreases firstly and then substantially maintains stable while the sphericity and solid fraction increase continuously.Also,decreasing pouring temperature or cylinder temperature properly contributes to improving mechanical properties of rheomoulding AZ91 D for the refinement of α-Mg particles and the decrease of porosity fraction.Furthermore,rheomoulding AZ91 D performs much better than thixomoulding,rheo-diecasting and high pressure die-casting（HPDC） in terms of mechanical properties.Compared with HPDC,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation are increased by 27.8%,15.7% and 121%,respectively.

Optimizing microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treated Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy by indirect hot deformation technology

In this paper,the indirect thermal tensile experiments of 7075 aluminum alloy including the pre-deformation process at room temperature and the final heat tensile process were carried out,the plastic deformation behavior and forming limit of the material in the compound forming process were investigated considering three pre-deformation amounts 4%,9%,14%,two strain rates 0.001 s^(-1),0.01 s^(-1) and four forming temperatures 300℃,350℃,400℃,450℃.In the indirect hot forming process,the material is sensitive to the pre-deformation,strain rate,and forming temperature,when the strain rate is 0.01 s^(-1),the pre-deformation amount is 4%,and the forming temperature is 400℃,respectively,the maximum tensile deformation is 50 mm.Finally,taking the process in which the forming temperature is 450℃ as an example,according to the observation of the microstructure appearance of fracture,the fracture type in the hot forming process was judged as the ductile fracture.By analyzing the microstructure of the specimen treated with the quenching and artificial aging process,the eutectic T(AlZnMgCu)phase and α(Al)matrix formed a network of non-equilibrium alpha binary eutectic.