混杂增强相(Al_3Ti-TiB_2-SiC)的形成热力学分析

对利用原位反应与高剪切液态搅拌复合专利技术制备的Al3Ti TiB2SiC/Al13%Si复合材料的增强相的形成热力学进行了理论计算和分析,并采用差热分析法(DTA)进行了试验验证。研究表明:(1)Al Ti B体系加入到Al13%Si熔体中可发生原位反应,形成增强相,原位反应的开始温度为905.3℃,结束温度为1061.23℃;(2)Al Ti B体系加入到Al13%Si熔体中,制备颗粒增强Al13%Si复合材料的增强相为TiB2和Al3Ti,但TiB2形成能力最强。

新型Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成及表面性能

以2,2-双(溴甲基)-1,3-丙二醇为连接基合成了新型的连接基为枝状的Gemini咪唑表面活性剂2,4-二(溴化-3-烷基咪唑)-1,3-丙二醇([Cn-P-Cnim]Br2,n=10,12,14).产物经核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、红外(IR)光谱和元素分析等进行了分析,证明所得产物即为目标产物.通过表面张力法和电导法测量其表面活性并计算胶束形成热力学参数(ΔG m—0,ΔH m—0,ΔS m—0).结果表明,25℃时3种表面活性剂均具有很高的表面活性,胶束的形成是自发的熵驱动过程.

枝状Gemini咪唑表面活性剂的合成、表征及性能

为研究枝状连接基对Gemini咪唑表面活性剂性能的影响,以2,2-双(溴甲基)-1,3-丙二醇为连接基合成枝状的Gemini咪唑表面活性剂2,4-二(溴化-3-烷基咪唑)-1,3-丙二醇([Cn-P-Cn]Br2),其中n=10,12,14.通过表面张力法和电导法测量其表面活性并计算25℃时胶束形成的各项性能参数:临界胶束浓度(ccmc)、表面饱和吸附量(Γcmc)、表面活性剂分子在空气/水界面的最小横截面积(Amin)、效率因子(pC20)和表面压(πcmc)等.结果表明,不同链长的3种表面活性剂具有很高的表面活性,所有表面活性剂胶束形成的吉布斯自由能(ΔGm)均为负值,说明常温常压下胶束的形成是自发过程.

手性赖氨酸基Gemini表面活性剂的表面性能

用表面张力法、电导法和稳态荧光法研究了手性Gemini表面活性剂[C12-m-C12]Na2(m=2,4,6)和[C12-T-C12]Na2的表面性能及临界胶束聚集数,并计算胶束形成的热力学参数,用圆二色谱法考察了[C12-2-C12]Na2在不同浓度下的立体构型.结果表明,手性Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和临界表面张力γcmc随着连接基链长增加或刚性增强而增大;ΔG—0m和ΔH—0m为负值,|ΔH—0m|比|-TΔS—0m|小很多,说明胶束化过程为熵驱动的自发放热过程;随着连接基链长增加或刚性增强,ΔG—0m和ΔH—0m逐渐增大,ΔS—0m和临界胶束聚集数逐渐减小,表明其胶束化能力随之降低;当浓度大于cmc时,手性Gemini表面活性剂可形成手性超分子聚集体.

Influence of Cu content on microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys

The effects of Cu content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al-6Si-xCu-0.3Mg(x= 3,4,5and 6,mass fraction,%) alloys were studied.The samples were thixoformed at 50%liquid content and several of the samples were treated with the T6 heat treatment.The samples were then examined by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis,as well as hardness and tensile tests.The results show that the cooling slope casting and thixoforming process promote the formation of very fine and well distributed intermetallic compounds in the aluminium matrix and the mechanical properties of the alloys increase considerably compared with the permanent mould casting.The results also reveal that as the Cu content in the alloy increases,the hardness and tensile strength of the thixoformed alloys also increase.The ultimate tensile strength,yield strength and elongation to fracture of the thixoformed heat-treated Al-6Si-3Cu-0.3Mg alloy are 298 MPa,201 MPa and 4.5%,respectively,whereas the values of the thixoformed heat-treated alloy with high Cu content(6%) are 361 MPa,274 MPa and 1.1%,respectively.The fracture of the thixoformed Al-6Si-3Cu-0.3Mg alloy shows a dimple rupture,whereas in the alloy that contains the highest Cu content(6%),a cleavage fracture is observed.

Effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on mechanical performance of 6xxx aluminum alloys

The effect of alloy composition and heat treatment, including natural ageing and pre-ageing, on the mechanical performance of eight 6xxx alloys designed with systematically varying Si, Mg and Cu contents was studied. The results show that not only the alloy composition and heat treatment before forming influence the formability, but also they have an effect on the paint bake response of the alloys. Increasing the alloy Si content, decreasing Mg/Si ratio and adding 0.3% Cu （mass fraction） were generally found to improve the tensile ductility and formability of the alloys studied, while pre-ageing was found to decrease these properties. A full property profile of these alloys in terms of strength, tensile ductility, work hardening, strain rate sensitivity, forming limit and paint bake response was presented.

Formation mechanisms of Ni-Al intermetallics during heat treatment of Ni coating on 6061 Al substrate

The formation mechanisms and growth kinetics of Al3 Ni and Al3Ni2 in Ni-Al diffusion couple prepared by electrodeposition of Ni on Al substrate were investigated. The nickel coating with 20 μm thickness was applied on 6061 aluminum alloy by direct current electroplating. The samples were then heat-treated for different durations at 450, 500 and 550 °C under argon atmosphere. The intermetallic phases were identified by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The results showed that the formation of intermetallic phases consisted of two important steps. The first step was the lateral growth of intermetallic phase from separate sites, resulting in the formation of a continuous layer. The second step was the growth of the continuous intermetallic layer in the direction perpendicular to the interface. However, excessive increase in thickness of intermetallic phases led to the detachment of reaction products, i.e., Al3 Ni and Al3Ni2, from the substrate. It was also observed that aluminum was the dominant diffusing element during Al3 Ni growth, while nickel diffusion was dominant during Al3Ni2 growth. The growth kinetics of both Al3 Ni and Al3Ni2 phases obeyed a parabolic law.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of thixoformed A319 alloys containing variable amounts of magnesium

The effects of Mg content on the microstructure and tensile properties of thixoformed A319 alloys were studied. The samples were thixoformed at 50% liquid content and some of the thixoformed samples were subjected to the T6 heat treatment. The samples were then examined by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis as well as tensile tests. The results showed that magnesium was able to refine the eutectic silicon in the samples. It was also observed that a compact Al9FeMg3Si5 phase was formed when the magnesium content was 1.0% and 1.5%. The results also revealed that as the magnesium content in the alloy increases, the tensile strengths of the thixoformed alloys also increase. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the thixoformed A319 heat treated alloy were 298 MPa, 201 MPa and 4.5%, respectively, whereas the values of the thixoformed heat treated alloy with 1.5% Mg content were 325 MPa, 251 MPa and 1.4%, respectively. Thixoformed A319 alloy showed a dimple fracture behaviour, while thixoformed A319 alloys with 1.5% Mg showed a mixed mode fracture behaviour, where dimple and cleavage ruptures were seen on the fracture surface of the samples.

Glass formation for iron-based alloys by combining kinetic and thermodynamic parameters

The glass formation was intensively studied for Fe-based alloys. Parameters defining kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of crystallization were calculated using calorimetric measurements and physical properties of constituent elements. It is found that the critical cooling rate Rc estimated by combining kinetic and thermodynamic parameters highly correlates with measured Rc found in literatures with correlation coefficient R2=0.944, and alloy compositions with high melting enthalpy AHm can easily form glass even without high undercooling and high value of the ,β-parameter of Tumbull＇s theory, revealing that the glass formation in this group of alloys is mostly controlled by growth limitation. This combination of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters can be used to determine alloy composition with good glass forming ability in Fe-based alloys just using physical properties of alloying elements and calorimetric measurements.

Metallic glass formation in the ternary Ni-Nb-Mo system by ion beam mixing

Glass forming ability of the ternary Ni-Nb-Mo system was studied by ion beam mixing of the Ni-Nb-Mo multilayered films.In the experiment,metallic glasses i.e.amorphous alloys were formed in the Ni51Nb19Mo30,Ni52Nb35Mo13,Ni61Nb15Mo24 and Ni72Nb20Mo8 multilayered films,while only solid solutions were obtained in the Ni24Nb29Mo47 and Ni26Nb53Mo21 multilayered films.It turned out that the Ni concentration played a dominating role in affecting the glass-forming ability of the system.Besides,thermodynamic calculations predicted a favored composition region for metallic glass formation,matching well with the observations from ion beam mixing.