现代派表意型小说的艺术特征

表现主义小说、存在主义小说、荒诞派小说和黑色幽默小说等着重表现作者对社会人生的感受和解悟,具有明显的“表意性”。表意的主观性和抽象性导致小说偏向表现“形而上的现实”。表意的抽象性导致小说艺术世界的虚幻化。“表意”具有神秘色彩,带有“启示录”意味。

Philosophy and Theology in the Islamic Culture： Al-Farabis De scientiis

In this paper, the author refers to the Latin translation of the Kitab Ihsa ＇al＇ Ulum of Al-Frabi made by Dominicus Gundissalinus in the Xllth Century in Toledo, Spain. This text under the Latin title De scientiis was one of the most influential texts of the Arab and Persian world in the western Latin Europe. It is an introductory text into all until known sciences written for students and laymen （illiterate） who want to study one of these sciences. The text of Al-Farabi discusses the seven liberal arts, all of the works on physics of Aristotle and includes some reflexions on metaphysics, political philosophy and theology. There are two important points： （1） All sciences have a theoretical and practical aspect. All sciences are sciences of principles and causes and their application to the practical world. （2） The so called prima philosophia is the political philosophy and not metaphysics. In this respect, Al-Farabi subordinates theology as a science of the religious laws to politics as a science of civil laws. In the same respect, he combines, under the famous sentence of Plato that philosophers are the governors and the very well companions of mankind, politics with theology

论马姆列耶夫的形而上学现实主义诗学

尤里·马姆列耶夫是俄罗斯形而上学现实主义文学流派的创始人。他将隐喻性、形而上学和富含象征意蕴的因素以传统现实主义小说的形式融入到自己的创作中。他的作品不仅凸显现实生活的特征,还涉及无法为视觉所感知的人之心路历程和当今世界与另一种现实相连的隐秘的一面,以及纯思辨的形而上学的实在诸如虚无、超自然的"我"等。马姆列耶夫继承了陀思妥耶夫斯基的传统,其小说情节怪诞,人物言行不囿常规,被誉为俄罗斯的卡夫卡。本文通过对《黑镜子》、《墓穴人》、《我非常满足!》等小说的分析,以揭示马姆列耶夫创作诗学的某些特点。