fx-4500p计算器在林业中的应用

CASIOfx-4500p计算器具有1103步的程序容量。它的采用为林业的生产应用提供了广阔的前景。文中通过林业生产中常用的形高法、二元材积表法蓄积量计算公式和标准地每木检尺各因子的计算公式程序的编制、解决了当前工作中一些基本问题。

Preparation of stealthy etoposide proliposomes and the pharmacokinetics in rabbits

The objectives of the present study were to prepare stealthy etoposide proliposomes and study the pharmacokinetics in rabbits. Blank stealthy liposomes were prepared by film dispersion method. Stealthy etoposide liposomes were prepared by using the ammonium sulfate gradient loading procedure. Vacuum freeze-drying technique was used to dry stealthy etoposide liposomes. Encapsulation efficiency of stealthy etoposide proliposomes was determined by Sephadex chromatography. The morphology was observed by transmission electronic microscope. The particle size and zeta potential were measured by using electrophoretic light scattering technology. The pharmacokinetics in rabbits was evaluated by comparison with etoposide injection and conventional liposomes, respectively. Mean encapsulation efficiency of stealthy etoposide proliposomes was 83.92% ± 3.65% （n = 3）. The liposomes were round or oval. Mean particle size was （124.5 ±26.9） nm, and zeta potential was （-39.50 ±1.04） mV. Following intravenous injection administration at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg etoposide, the three kinds of etoposide preparations were fitted with the two-compartment model. T1/2 β and A UC values of stealthy etoposide proliposomes were （19.26 ± 3.16） h and （26.04 ±3.53） μg/h/mL, respectively. T1/2 β and AUC values of etoposide injection were （0.94 ± 0.21） h and （0.98 ± 0.26） μg/h/mL, respectively. T1/2β and AUC values of conventional liposomes were （7.99 ± 1.36） h and （11.65 ± 1.70） μg/h/mL, respectively. Results indicated that the stealthy etoposide proliposomes could significantly extend the duration of etoposide in blood circulation.

Screening of a Novel Bioflocculant-producing Strain and Research on Its Flocculation

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain capable of producing bioflocculant. [Method] A bacterial strain T-11 capable of producing bioflocculant was isolated from activated sludge. Detailed tests on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were carried out and identification was performed to identify the strain. Finally, the bioflocculant was isolated and purified, and the flocculating activity and chemical characteristics were measured. [Result] It was identified as Serratia plumuthica based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. This strain secreted flocculant best in a culture medium which included sucrose and NaNO3. The maximal cell growth was achieved within 10 h and the flocculating activity paralleled to it. It was found to be effective for flocculation of kaolin suspension, when added at a final concentration of 0.7 mg/L, over a range of pHs （2-7）, and temperature （approximately 30-80 ℃）. Chemical analysis indicated that the bioflocculant was an acidic polysaccharide consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid and galactose, talose and altrose. Infrared spectrum analysis also revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. [Conclusion] The biofloccu- lants produced by strain T-11 can greatly improve the ability of activated sludge to settle.

Elastoplastic model for discontinuous shear deformation of deep rock mass

Deep rock mass possesses some unusual properties due to high earth stress,which further result in new problems that have not been well understood and explained up to date.In order to investigate the deformation mechanism,the complete deformation process of deep rock mass,with a great emphasis on local shear deformation stage,was analyzed in detail.The quasi continuous shear deformation of the deep rock mass is described by a combination of smooth functions:the averaged distribution of the original deformation field,and the local discontinuities along the slip lines.Hence,an elasto-plastic model is established for the shear deformation process,in which the rotational displacement is taken into account as well as the translational component.Numerical analysis method was developed for case study.Deformation process of a tunnel under high earth stress was investigated for verification.

Isolation and Identification of a Taxol-producing Endophytic Fungus Identified from Taxus media

[Objective] The aim was to isolate and identify a taxol-producing endophytic fungus from Taxus media. [Method] 32 strains of endophytic fungi were identified form the inner bark of T. media,and their fermentation products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [Result] Through the screening,a strain of taxol-producing endophytic fungi M57 was obtained,which could produce 45-50 μg/L of taxol,and M57 was defined as Rhizopus sp. through morphological observation and 18S rDNA sequence analysis. [Conclusion] The finding of Rhizopus sp. M57 provided a promising strain for producing taxol with taxol-producing fungi fermentation process.

Preparation of anti-resistant stealthy liposomes by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine and the pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats

Aim The objectives of the present study were to prepare stealthy vincristine plus quinacrine liposomes and evaluate the pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Anti-resistant stealthy liposomes were prepared by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine together using the ammonium sulfate gradient loading procedure. For the pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups： each rat in the Group Ⅰwas administered intravenously via tail vein as stealthy liposomal vincristine plus quinacrine, and the Group Ⅱ similarly given as a mixture solution of free vincristine plus free quinacrine. The concentrations of vincristine and quinacrine in plasma were measured by HPLC with diode array detection and fluorescence detection, respectively. Results The mean particle size of stealthy liposomes was 135.9 ±7.1 nm and the encapsulation efficiencies of stealthy liposomes were 〉 90% for vincristine, and 〉 85% for quinacrine, respectively. Administered as the stealthy vincristine plus quinacrine liposomes, the plasma exposures of both vincristine and quinacrine were significantly extended, and the mean concentrations of both vincristine and quinacrine were significantly higher compared to those given as the mixture solution of free vincristine plus free quinacrine. The Cmax, t1/2, AUC0-24 h values of vincristine for stealthy liposomal group were significantly increased, but the total clearance Cl values decreased, as compared to those of free drug group, respectively. Similarly, the Cmax, t1/2 and AUC0-24 h values of quinacrine for the stealthy liposomal group were significantly increased, but the total clearance C1 values decreased, as compared to those of free quinacrine. Conclusion The anti-resistant stealthy liposomes are successfully prepared by incorporating vincristine with quinacrine, and the liposomes extend significantly the duration in blood circulation and improve evidently the plasma concentrations of both vincristine and quinacrine.

Numerical Simulation for Water Entry of a Wedge at Varying Speed by a High Order Boundary Element Method

A high order boundary element method was developed for the complex velocity potential problem. The method ensures not only the continuity of the potential at the nodes of each element but also the velocity. It can be applied to a variety of velocity potential problems. The present paper, however, focused on its application to the problem of water entry of a wedge with varying speed. The continuity of the velocity achieved herein is particularly important for this kind of nonlinear free surface flow problem, because when the time stepping method is used, the free surface is updated through the velocity obtained at each node and the accuracy of the velocity is therefore crucial. Calculation was made for a case when the distance S that the wedge has travelled and time t follow the relationship s=Dtα, where D and α are constants, which is found to lead to a self similar flow field when the effect due to gravity is ignored.

Energy-Efficient Transceiver Design for Multi-Pair Two-Way Relay Systems

In this paper, we focus on energy-efficient transceiver and relay beamforming design for multi-pair two-way relay system. The multi-antenna users and the multi-antenna relay are considered in this work. Different from the existing works, the proposed algorithm is energy-efficient which is more applicable to the future green network. It considers both the sum-MSE problem and the power consumption problem for the users under the relay power constraint. Based on the optimal condition decomposition(OCD) method, the energy-efficient precoders at the users can be designed separately with limited information exchanged. The proposed relay beamforming algorithm is based on the alternative direction method of multipliers(ADMM) which has simpler iterative solution and enjoys good convergence. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of power consumption and MSE performance.

A study of support strategies in deep soft rock:The horsehead crossing roadway in Daqiang Coal Mine

Geomechanics in deep mines becomes more complex and structural support in soft rock can be very difficult.Highly stressed soft rock subject to expansion deformation is particularly difficult to control.The Tiefa Coal Industry Group Daqiang Coal Mine is used as an example.A ventilation shaft,à550 horsehead,is located in tertiary soft rock.Analysis of the reasons for deformation shows an intumescent rock,which is easily damaged.Field observations and theoretical analysis led to a design capable of stabilizing the rock.A combination of spray,anchors,anchor bolts,and soft corner coupled truss supports allowed the deformation to be controlled.This provides a model for similar designs when support of a horsehead roadway is required.

A CODEBOOK COMPENSATIVE VOICE MORPHING ALGORITHM BASED ON MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION

This paper presents an improved voice morphing algorithm based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) which overcomes the traditional one in the terms of overly smoothed problems of the converted spectral and discontinuities between frames.Firstly, a maximum likelihood estimation for the model is introduced for the alleviation of the inversion of high dimension matrixes caused by traditional conversion function.Then, in order to resolve the two problems associated with the baseline, a codebook compensation technique and a time domain medial filter are applied.The results of listening evaluations show that the quality of the speech converted by the proposed method is significantly better than that by the traditional GMM method, and the Mean Opinion Score(MOS) of the converted speech is improved from 2.5 to 3.1 and ABX score from 38% to 75%.

Glacier Fluctuations between 1975 and 2008 in the Greater Himalaya Range of Zanskar,Southern Ladakh

Glaciers in the Himalaya are often heavily covered with supraglacial debris,making them difficult to study with remotely-sensed imagery alone.Various methods such as band ratios can be used effectively to map clean-ice glaciers;however,a thicker layer of debris often makes it impossible to distinguish between supraglacial debris and the surrounding terrain.Previously,a morphometric mapping approach employing an ASTER-derived digital elevation model has been used to map glaciers in the Khumbu Himal and the Tien Shan.This study on glaciers in the Greater Himalaya Range in Zanskar,southern Ladakh,aims (i) to use the morphometric approach to map large debris-covered glaciers;and (ii) to use Landsat and ASTER data and GPS and field measurements to document glacier change over the past four decades.Field work was carried out in the summers of 2008.For clean ice,band ratios from the ASTER dataset were used to distinguish glacial features.For debris-covered glaciers,topographic features such as slope were combined with thermal imagery and supervised classifiers to map glacial margins.The method is promising for large glaciers,although problems occurred in the distal and lateral parts and in the fore field of the glaciers.A multi-temporal analysis of glaciers in Zanskar showed that in general they have receded since at least the mid-to late-1970s.However,some few glaciers that advanced or oscillated - probably because of specific local environmental conditions - do exist.

An automated method for glacial lake mapping in High Mountain Asia using Landsat 8 imagery

Glacial lakes in the High Mountain Asia(HMA)are sensitive to global warming and can result in much more severe flood disasters than some largesized lakes.An accurate and robust method for the extraction of glacial lakes is critical to effective management of these natural water resources.Conventional methods often have limitations in terms of low spectral contrast and heterogeneous backgrounds in an image.This study presents a robust and automated method for the yearly mapping of glacial lake over a large scale,which took advantage of the complementarity between the modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI)and the nonlocal active contour model,required only local homogeneity in reflectance features of lake.The cloud computing approach with the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform was used to process the intensive amount of Landsat 8 images from 2015 (344 path/rows and approximately 7504 scenes).The experimental results were validated by very high resolution images from Chinese GaoFen-1 (GF-1) panchromatic multi-spectral(PMS)and appeared a general good agreement.This is the first time that information regarding the spatial distribution of glacial lakes over the HMA has been derived automatically within quite a short period of time.By integrating it with the relevant indices,it can also be applied to detect other land cover types such as snow or vegetation with improved accuracy.

Morphologic studies of high fall injuries

[Abstract] Objective： By studying the mode and morphologic character of high fall injuries on the scene, and exploring the injury situation of different heights, different fall ways and postures, to provide a reference for the foren- sic identification of high fall injury. Methods： All the high fall cases were statistically analysed according to their gender, age, ground-touching posture, fall height, site and type of the injury. Results： Among 134 high fall cases, 98 were male and 36 were female with the age ranging from 2-71 years （37.6 ＋16.9 on average）, in which, 10-60 years old group con- sisted of 110 cases （82%）. Most cases fell from windows orroofs （73%） and the touching objects were cement ground or shaft bottom of elevators. Among these cases, head injury was generally serious, followed by chest and abdominal injuries. The morphologic changes depend upon the height, nature, as well as the posture at the point while the body touches the ground. Conclusion： Morphologic study of high fall injury assists medicolegal physicians to make correct identifica- tions of the cause and nature of high fall injuries.

Improving Gravity Anomalies Over China Marginal Sea from Retracked Geosat and ERS-1 Data

The quality of altimeter data and ocean tide model is critical to the recovery of coastal gravity anomalies. In this contribution, three retracking methods (threshold, improved threshold and Beta-5) are investigated with the aim of improving the altimeter data over a shallow water area. Comparison indicates that the improved threshold is the best retracking method over China Sea. Two ocean tide models, NAO99b and CSR4.0, are analyzed. Results show that different tide models used in the processing of altimeter data may result in differences more than 10 mGal in recovered coastal gravity anomalies. Also, NAO99b is more suitable than CSR4.0 over the shallow water area of China Sea. Finally, gravity anomalies over China Sea are calculated from retracked Geosat/GM and ERS-1/GM data by least squares collocation. Comparison with shipborne gravimetry data demonstrates that gravity anomalies from retracked data are significantly superior to those from non-retracked data. Our results have the same order as the other two altimeter-derived gravity models: Sandwell&Smith(V16) and DNSC08.

An extended high-dimensional Melnikov analysis for global and chaotic dynamics of a non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate

By using an extended Melnikov method on multi-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems with perturbations,the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics are investigated for a parametrically excited,simply supported rectangular buckled thin plate.The formulas of the rectangular buckled thin plate are derived by using the von Karman type equation.The two cases of the buckling for the rectangular thin plate are considered.With the aid of Galerkin's approach,a two-degree-of-freedom nonautonomous nonlinear system is obtained for the non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate.The high-dimensional Melnikov method developed by Yagasaki is directly employed to the non-autonomous ordinary differential equation of motion to analyze the global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics of the rectangular buckled thin plate.Numerical method is used to find the chaotic responses of the non-autonomous rectangular buckled thin plate.The results obtained here indicate that the chaotic motions can occur in the parametrically excited,simply supported rectangular buckled thin plate.

Analytical model for ultimate loading capacities of continuous composite slabs with profiled steel sheets

Composite slabs with profiled steel sheet are widely applied in practical structures now. Plenty of literatures can be available about simply supported composite slabs with single span. However, continuous slabs always exist in high-rise building structures. In order to obtain the ultimate loading capacity of continuous composite slabs, the full scale test on slab specimens with high cost need to be carried out. This paper presented an analytical model for calculating the ultimate loading capacity of continuous composite slabs. Only the small-scale slide block test needed to be carried out for determining some mechanical parameters, resulting in less cost, compared with the conventional m-k test method. Various load conditions and parameters were considered in the analytical model. The comparison between test results and predicted results showed that the proposed method had enough precision. Furthermore, the simplified method was also proposed for practical design.

BP-PSO-based intelligent case retrieval method for high-rise structural form selection

Modern architectures are developing in the direction of tall buildings and complex structures,and the theoretical analysis and the design experience have seriously lagged behind the construction of super high-rise structures.Structural form selection,especially the case based reasoning (CBR) based structural form selection,is a promising tool for the construction of high-rise structures.In view of the limit of cognitive ability of domain experts,a BP (back propagation)-PSO (particle swarm optimization)-based intelligence case retrieval method for high-rise structural form selection is proposed.The CBR-based case retrieval method and the construction of the BP-PSO neutral network are introduced.And then the BP-PSO-based case retrieval method is validated by some engineering cases.The results of training and prediction indicate that the proposed method has good ability to retrieve the cases of high-rise structures.

A topographic parameter inversion method based on laser altimetry

A topographic parameter inversion method based on laser altimetry is developed in this paper, which can be used to deduce the surface vertical profile and retrieve the topographic parameters within the laser footprints by analyzing and simulating return waveforms. This method comprises three steps. The first step is to build the numerical models for the whole measuring procedure of laser altimetry, construct digital elevation models for surfaces with different topographic parameters, and calculate return waveforms. The second step is to analyze the simulated return waveforms to obtain their characteristics parameters, summarize the effects of the topographic parameter variations on the characteristic parameters of simulated return waveforms, and analyze the observed return waveforms of laser altimeters to acquire their characteristic parameters at the same time. The last step is to match the characteristic parameters of the simulated and observed return waveforms, and deduce the topographic parameters within the laser footprint. This method can be used to retrieve the topographic parameters within the laser footprint from the observed return waveforms of spaceborne laser altimeters and to get knowledge about the surface altitude distribution within the laser footprint other than only getting the height of the surface encountered firstly by the laser beam, which extends laser altimeters' function and makes them more like radars.