骨质疏松对骨生物力学性质影响实验研究

研究了正常大鼠股骨和维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松股骨的生物力学性质。选用了 175 g～ 2 4 5 g ,3月龄～ 4月龄Wistar大鼠 6 0只 ,随机分为正常对照组 30只 ,模型组 30只。对模型组大鼠灌服维甲酸 (70mg·kg-1·d-1) 2周 ,实验第 12周末处死大鼠 ,测定股骨骨密度。取胫骨制作脱钙切片 ,进行骨组织形态观察。取股骨进行拉伸、冲击实验和应力松弛、蠕变实验。测定股骨生物力学性能指标 ,得出了正常对照组和模型组股骨的拉伸应力、应变数据等。还得出冲击功、冲击韧性、应力松弛 ,蠕变数据和曲线。对应力松弛蠕变实验数据进行归一化处理 ,得出归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数及曲线。实验结果表明模型组的各项力学性能指标显著低于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。对骨质疏松对力学性能指标的影响进行分析讨论。

连接基性质对松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂的活性影响

以四甲基乙二胺及三乙烯二胺为连接基制备了两种松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂Ⅰ与Ⅱ,经表面活性分析:Ⅰ与Ⅱ的CMC值分别为1.42×10-4、9.7×10-4mol/L,γCMC为36.69、43.41 mN/m;乳化时间为16、10 min;降低表面张力的效率(pc20)计算值为4.2、3.2;HLB计算值皆约为14.45;Ⅰ与阴离子相溶性好,Ⅱ与阴离子相溶性较差。由实验分析结果探讨了连接基性质对松香基季铵盐Gem-ini表面活性剂的影响,结果表明:以柔性链为连接基的松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂Ⅰ的活性优于以刚性链为连接基的松香基季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂Ⅱ。

材料性质和环境因素对微波加热特性的影响

微波是一种较为新颖的制备材料的技术,材料性质和环境因素对微波的影响还缺乏足够研究。本文在前期工作基础之上,通过数值方法计算研究了材料介电损耗和材料表面物性参数(主要是黑度)及环境条件变化等对材料微波加热行为的影响。材料表面黑度越大,材料向外散热越多,物体升温越缓慢,材料内部温度均匀性越差。材料介电损耗越大,材料吸收微波的能力越强,物体可以达到的最高升温温度越高;在给定材料的条件下,通过调节微波功率,可以实现好的烧结实践。环境温度越低,材料内部温差越大,温度均匀性越差。材料与环境间温差越低,材料表面与环境的传热越小。因此,在加热早、中期阶段采用辐射加热,后期用微波加热的混合加热是一种能保持微波加热和传统加热模式各自优点的一种良好方式。

关于不合理施肥对土壤性质的影响分析及其防治措施探讨

我国作为粮食第一大国,农作物对于国人来说是必不可少的。近几年,农作物的质量也是一直备受关注的话题,国家为提高农作物的质量也做了不少研究。在农作物生产的过程中,影响其产量的包括有土壤、化肥、品种和气候等因素。其中,合理的对土壤进行施肥是提高农作物质量的重要举措之一。近些年,化肥虽然能够很好的解决农作物的产量问题,但是随之而来的就是不合理的施肥导致的土壤被破坏,从而就影响了农作物的生长,农作物的质量也就随之下降。

乳胶防水剂对混凝土性质的影响

钢筋混凝土为工程的主要素材,而混凝土在国内无论是建筑、土木或水利工程皆被广泛的应用。但在实际应用上也是问题最多,例如碍于构造物的复杂度及施工人员技术和环境差异的不同,导致施工质量很难维持一定的水平,大大降低混凝土的质量,甚至危及结构物的安全,并且容易导致结构漏水或是钢筋氧化造成混凝土结构的损坏。本研究目的是利用防水材的VAE材料添加于混凝土中,对混凝土性质的影响。

大鼠脊髓损伤继发骨质疏松生物力学性质实验研究

研究了正常大鼠骨和脊髓损伤所致大鼠骨质疏松骨的生物力学性质。选用280g^320g4月~5月龄Wistar雄性大鼠70只,随机分为0周空白对照组10只,3周对照组10只,7周对照组10只,11周对照组10只,三周实验组10只,7周实验组10只,11周实验组10只,0周空白组于0周处死,解剖取大鼠股骨、胫骨、肱骨,以生理盐水浸温的纱布包裹,置-20℃冰箱内保存备用。对3周、7周、11周对照组大鼠以咬骨钳将其椎板咬开,不破坏硬膜和脊髓,进行饲养。对3周、7周、11周实验组大鼠人为造成脊髓损伤后饲养,复制骨质疏松模型。分别于3周、7周、11周处死对照组和实验组大鼠。取0周空白组和11周实验组胫骨制作脱钙切片进行骨组织形态观察。取大鼠股骨进行弯曲实验,取肱骨进行拉伸实验,取胫骨进行冲击实验。取0周空白组、3周实验组、7周实验组、11周实验组大鼠股骨进行应力松弛、蠕变实验,得出了各组大鼠肱骨拉伸力学性能指标、各组大鼠股骨弯曲力学性能指标,各组大鼠胫骨冲击性能指标和大鼠股骨0周,3周、7周、11周对照组大鼠股骨应力松驰、蠕变数据及曲线。实验结果表明,模型组和对照组的各项力学性能指标显著低于0周空白组(P<0·05)。对脊髓损伤导致大鼠骨质疏松对骨力学性能指标的影响进行分析讨论。

利用影响力受贿罪的现实困境及出路

本文以利用影响力受贿罪的犯罪构成要件为基点,从利用影响力受贿罪的内外部实施环境、司法应用碰到的法律适用问题等方面分析利用影响力受贿罪生命力短板的根本原因,并借鉴国联合国和新加坡的成功经验,力求提出突破现有利用影响力受贿罪现实困境的出路。

基于某核电汽轮发电机组分析轴系中心偏差对振动的影响

在汽轮发电机组轴系断开状态下,盘动转子测量两转子联轴器径向圆周及轴向张口偏差。检修中的“找中心”是汽轮发电机组重要的检修工艺,多年来被视为诱发汽轮发电机组轴系振动的主要振源之一,但轴系中心偏差对运转的机组产生激振力的量值,引发机组轴系何种振动性质,仍有较大的分歧。文章利用有限元分析软件分别计算中心偏差对轴系振动的影响值,并与“不平衡”“同心度偏差”故障对比,以量化中心偏差对轴系振动的影响,为轴系中心偏差值的控制提供参考。

突发事件下城市供水系统需求的综合评价研究——基于系统弹性的分析视角

为实现突发事件应急恢复的系统弹性,有效度量和评价城市供水系统的需求重要度,提出了考虑加权距离信息的初始直接需求度量模型,给出了一个基于改进DANP模型和熵权法的考虑主客观权重的应急决策系统需求重要度综合评价方法,并针对咸潮情景下供水系统需求重要度评价指标体系展开实证研究。研究结果表明,改进的DANP模型能够克服以往研究的问题和不足,反映了城市供水系统初始应急需求与总需求的客观化建模过程,而且在影响关系判别过程中充分考虑了系统元素集的自我影响关系和影响性质,保证了评价决策的排序方案更符合实际,为城市供水系统应急恢复的需求重要度评价决策提供新思路。

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Quality Combination Parameters of High-quality Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors including sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on the quality parameters of Brassica napus hybrid＆ [Method] Statistical analysis on the data from previous studies and our work was carried out [Result] The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date, while the contents of seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linolenic acid were positively correlated with the sowing date. The total amount of fat and protein, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） to saturated fatty acid （SFA）, the fatty acid （FA） of erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were negatively correlated with the sowing date; the UFA content, the unsatu- ration index, the SFA content, the 18-C FA content, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the sowing date. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, oleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the contents of oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The total amount of fat and protein （F ＆ P）, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the plant density, while the UFA content, the unsaturation index, the SFA content, the ratio of UFA to SFA, the 18-C FA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid were positively correlated with the plant density. The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, oil, protein in milled rapeseed, palmitic acid and eicosenoic acid were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the contents of seed protein, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were posi- tively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were positively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount, while the UFA content, the SFA content, the FA in erucic acid chain, the total amount of oleic acid and linoleic acid, the ratio of UFA to SFA, and the 18-C FA content were negatively correlated with the nitrogen fertilizer amount The contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount, while contents of oil, oleic acid, stearic acid and eicosenoic acid were positively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount; the total F ＆ P, the unsaturation index, the SFA, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the potash fertilizer amount There were negative correlations between the contents of erucic acid, thioglycoside, seed protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount; positive correlations between the contents of oil, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid and phosphate fertilizer amount The total UFA, the unsaturation index, the 1843 FA, the SFA, the FA in erucic acid chain, and the ratio of UFA to FA in erucic acid chain were negatively correlated with the phosphate fertilizer amount [Conclusion] This study identified the correlations of the five cultivation factors with the quality parameters of high-quality Brassica napus hybrids, to provide theoretical basis for its cultivation.

唐代禁榷制度的发展变化

唐代中后期的禁榷制度包括榷盐、榷酒、榷茶和榷铁制度 ,均是官营国有的垄断性工商业经营 ,以国家财政作为出台实施的出发点和归宿。唐代禁榷制度突出反映了封建帝制政权对社会经济发展的强力干预和操控 ,既促成了国有经济的发展和国家财政结构的前后变化 ,也极大地摧残扼杀了民间工商业的正常发展 ,资本主义的生产方式和社会制度难以生长壮大。

所得税汇算清缴前后日后事项的税务调整

资产负债表日后调整事项,可能发生在所得税汇算清缴之前,也可能发生在所得税汇算清缴之后。由于日后事项形成影响数的性质不同,所以在对日后事项进行账务处理时,应遵循不同的调税原则。

Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Oil Quality and Stability of Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.

毕节市区豆腐中微生物的测定

豆腐是我们日常生活中最喜爱的食品之一,要保证百姓吃上放心豆腐,选择毕节市区18家商家所卖的新鲜豆腐。采用常规微生物学培养法和微量微生物扩增培养法,检测毕节市豆腐中存在的主要微生物。总结这几类微生物对人体健康的影响,以期指导人们生活中吃上放心的豆腐。

Spatio-temporal Variation of Landscape Heterogeneity under Influence of Human Activities in Xiamen City of China in Recent Decade

Xiamen is an economically competitive and highly urbanized city along the coastal area of Fujian Province, China. The research on spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity under the influence of human activities is of great importance to the further study on the relationship of landscape pattern and ecological process. It is also crucial to the discovery of spatial variation and intensity distribution of human activities. The research analyzed the intensity of human impacts and the spatial variation features and dynamics of landscape patterns by introducing statistical theories and approaches. We analyzed spatio-temporal variation of landscape heterogeneity using the geostatistical techniques, such as semivariogram and Kriging interpolation.Results show that there is a higher correlation between landscape heterogeneity indexes and human impact index. Both the indexes show a moderate spatial autocorrelation as well as an obvious characteristic of anisotropy. From 1998 to 2008, the spatial differentiation of the changes in the intensity of human activities and the changes in landscape heterogeneity shows that the landscape patterns in Xiamen are closely related with the urban land utilization methods, the condition of traffic and geographical location and the physical geographical condition such as the terrain and the ecological environment. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the urban landscape pattern.

略论两次世界大战之差异

在世界现代史上，两次世界大战是非常重大的事件，笔青在多年的教学实践和学术探索的基础上．概括地对两次世界大战进行了比较．分析了两者之间的巨大差异．以求教于专家和同行。

Spatial impact of organic matters from point sources on stream water quality

To get a better understanding of the spatial impact of organic discharges on stream water quality,a "scenario-testing" approach was proposed to examine how a change in plant treatment efficiency would affect dissolved oxygen(DO) concentration along a stream.An "upper-lower" boundary technique was applied to conduct sensitivity analysis to observe the responses of DO concentration to different DO-related parameters.The results show a non-linear discrepancy of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and DO concentration among different treatment scenarios,which indicates the higher the efficiency of the plant treatment,the shorter the time the stream needs to recover.The sensitivity analysis reveals that the larger the amount of the waste discharge,the more sensitive the BOD to the biological removal parameter.In addition,the DO is more sensitive to the biological removal parameter than to the reaeration parameter.

Children and adolescents with Down syndrome,physical fitness and physical activity

Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity(PA) capacities.The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations.The purpose of this article was to review the measurement,determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth(i.e.,children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS:1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity;2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity;3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity;and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence.Future research should focus on:1) strength testing and training protocols;2) methodologies to determine PA levels;and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.

Process Engineering Evaluation of Modern High Performance Packings for Mass Transfer Apparatus

Modem packing technology is presented in terms of correlations and criteria for an extensive evaluation of up-to-date packing design used in current mass transfer operations. The corresponding basic information covers the process engineering aspects, e.g. volumetric effectiveness and optimum geometry of the packing, and the techno-economic aspects, e.g. when selecting a packing adopted in practice for a certain application task. The correlations required for this investigation are derived and evaluated on the basis of a comprehensive experimental re- search by testing and comparison of modem packings, such as Raschig Super-Rings and reference packings. The results thus obtained are correlated and presented in graphic presentation of diagrams, figures and tables.

我爱看《公民导刊》

《公民导刊》三大版块的格局有特色,既让人对杂志内容有个整体认识,又让人可以据此选择自己喜爱的内容阅读。新版里的新闻报道,多是从普通读者的角度选取一些热点问题进行深度报道。很耐读,也很有启迪意义。人版通过一些具体案例,以及法律专业人士的评析,引导读者认识事件的性质影响,并作出理智的评判。在专家、律师的评说中,广大读者的法律意识受到提升和滋养。心版中漫话坊栏目里的文章,我是每期必读。