在国际学术领域,各国都重视科研产出,由于科研实力等因素的影响,需要构建科学合理的评价指标,以分析一个国家的领域影响力。以领域活跃度、领域覆盖度、领域传播力作为计量指标,以Web of Science为数据来源,依据其学科类别划分标准,以...在国际学术领域,各国都重视科研产出,由于科研实力等因素的影响,需要构建科学合理的评价指标,以分析一个国家的领域影响力。以领域活跃度、领域覆盖度、领域传播力作为计量指标,以Web of Science为数据来源,依据其学科类别划分标准,以图书情报学(Information Science & Library Science,ISLS)为例,将中国、美国、英国、加拿大作为重点研究对象,对近十年四国的领域影响力进行对比分析。通过逐年领域活跃度、逐年领域覆盖度、领域传播力的计算,发现近十年来,美国的领域影响力保持绝对优势,领域活跃度、覆盖度都位居前列;英国的领域影响力呈上升趋势,与美国相比拥有绝对竞争优势;加拿大处于总体平稳发展的态势;2013年以后,中国作为后起之秀,领域影响力逐渐与英、美两国并驾齐驱,引领学科的发展,但仍需从跨学科合作、国际合作、国内文献国际化出发,进一步提升领域影响力。展开更多
In social mammals, kinship is an important factor that often affects the interactions among individuals within groups. In primates that live in a multilevel society, kinship may affect affiliative patterns be- tween i...In social mammals, kinship is an important factor that often affects the interactions among individuals within groups. In primates that live in a multilevel society, kinship may affect affiliative patterns be- tween individuals at different scales within the larger group. For this study, we use field observations and molecular methods to reveal the profiles of how kinship affects affiliative behaviors between indi- viduals in a breeding band of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxellana）. We use a novel nonparametric test, the partition Mantel test, to measure independently the correlation between kinship and each of three affiliative behaviors. Our results show that more closely related females are more likely to groom each other. Average relatedness between adult females within the same onemale unit （OMU） is higher than that between adult females from different OMUs. We suggest that closely related females may reside in the same OMU in order to attain inclusive fitness benefits, and that kinship plays an important role in maintaining the social structure of this species.展开更多
A new composite index called the yearly tropical cyclone potential impact(YTCPI)is introduced.The relationship between YTCPI and activities of tropical cyclones(TCs)in China,disaster loss,and main ambient fields are i...A new composite index called the yearly tropical cyclone potential impact(YTCPI)is introduced.The relationship between YTCPI and activities of tropical cyclones(TCs)in China,disaster loss,and main ambient fields are investigated to show the potential of YTCPI as a new tool for short-term climate prediction of TCs.YTCPI can indicate TC activity and potential disaster loss.As correlation coefficients between YTCPI and frequency of landfalling TCs,the frequency of TCs traversing or forming inside a 24 h warning line in China from 1971 to 2010 are 0.58 and 0.56,respectively(both are at a statistically significant level,aboveα=0.001).Furthermore,three simple indexes are used to compare with YTCPI.They all have very close relationships with it,with correlation coefficients 0.75,0.82 and 0.78.For economic loss and YTCPI,the correlation coefficient is 0.57 for 1994–2009.Information on principal ambient fields(sea surface temperature,850 and 500 hPa geopotential heights)during the previous winter is reflected in the relationship with YTCPI.Spatial and temporal variabilities of ambient fields are extracted through empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.Spatial distributions of correlation coefficient between YTCPI and ambient fields match the EOF main mode.Correlation coefficients between YTCPI and the EOF time array for the three ambient fields are 0.46,0.44 and 0.4,respectively,all statistically significant,aboveα=0.01.The YTCPI has the overall potential to be an improved prediction tool.展开更多
文摘In social mammals, kinship is an important factor that often affects the interactions among individuals within groups. In primates that live in a multilevel society, kinship may affect affiliative patterns be- tween individuals at different scales within the larger group. For this study, we use field observations and molecular methods to reveal the profiles of how kinship affects affiliative behaviors between indi- viduals in a breeding band of wild golden snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxellana）. We use a novel nonparametric test, the partition Mantel test, to measure independently the correlation between kinship and each of three affiliative behaviors. Our results show that more closely related females are more likely to groom each other. Average relatedness between adult females within the same onemale unit （OMU） is higher than that between adult females from different OMUs. We suggest that closely related females may reside in the same OMU in order to attain inclusive fitness benefits, and that kinship plays an important role in maintaining the social structure of this species.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(Grant No.2007BAC29B05)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-Q03-3)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41001021)
文摘A new composite index called the yearly tropical cyclone potential impact(YTCPI)is introduced.The relationship between YTCPI and activities of tropical cyclones(TCs)in China,disaster loss,and main ambient fields are investigated to show the potential of YTCPI as a new tool for short-term climate prediction of TCs.YTCPI can indicate TC activity and potential disaster loss.As correlation coefficients between YTCPI and frequency of landfalling TCs,the frequency of TCs traversing or forming inside a 24 h warning line in China from 1971 to 2010 are 0.58 and 0.56,respectively(both are at a statistically significant level,aboveα=0.001).Furthermore,three simple indexes are used to compare with YTCPI.They all have very close relationships with it,with correlation coefficients 0.75,0.82 and 0.78.For economic loss and YTCPI,the correlation coefficient is 0.57 for 1994–2009.Information on principal ambient fields(sea surface temperature,850 and 500 hPa geopotential heights)during the previous winter is reflected in the relationship with YTCPI.Spatial and temporal variabilities of ambient fields are extracted through empirical orthogonal function(EOF)analysis.Spatial distributions of correlation coefficient between YTCPI and ambient fields match the EOF main mode.Correlation coefficients between YTCPI and the EOF time array for the three ambient fields are 0.46,0.44 and 0.4,respectively,all statistically significant,aboveα=0.01.The YTCPI has the overall potential to be an improved prediction tool.
