《梨影》杂志特性略述——兼及中国香港文学研究的一些思考

创刊于1918年的《梨影》杂志是一本颇有研究价值的刊物,它在编辑运作上的混搭性、新旧之间调适的权宜性和地理属性上的流动性,显现了中国香港早期文学的存在语境及其表现特征,也为我们理解中国香港文学提供了新的思路与启迪。第一,从民间文学、戏剧文学以及广告等应用型文体入手,对中国香港文学的缘起与发展会有新的理解。第二,中国香港新旧文学的界限并不分明,不应也无需沿用五四新文学的一些标准与观念对之划界与评判。第三,应在粤港沪三地联动的空间意识之中,甚至在更大的沿海传统中来分析中国香港早期文学的生产机制与影响力。

“脱魅”时代的文学“魅影”——评草玄《狂狷上不了天堂》

在这样一个多元并进、文化驳杂的"脱魅"时代,草玄的《狂狷上不了天堂》以其厚实的创作"底色"、饶有兴味的故事情节、独特的叙事视角,给读者提供了一种新的阅读体验和文学文本,其中蕴藏的乃是人性的曲折、变形和张扬。文本所舞动的文学"魅影"实质上是人性在既定时间和既定空间的"舞蹈"。

New Existentialism： The Literary inetto as a Reemerging Prototype in Twenty-First Century Cinema

The new prototype of the inetto, a helpless and impassive character, makes his first appearance near the end of the nineteenth century in Italian literature, continues to gain strength and status throughout the twentieth-century artistic climate （through the existentialist philosophy of Sartre and Camus） and reemerges in contemporary cinema. The present study examines whether there is a gradual exacerbation or overcoming of this psychological disorder across the centuries in the novels and films investigated. Specifically, I offer a comparative analysis of Svevo＇s character Emilio Brentani in Senilitd （1898） and Giuseppe Piceioni＇s Guido in Giulia non esce la sera （Giulia Does Not Date at Night） （2009）. This study will also draw unusual parallels between Schopenhauer, Svevo＇s existentialist philosophy and contemporary cinema.

Popular Literary Tradition and the Localization of Early Chinese Films

As a new form of artistic expression, film has gone through a history of more than 100 years in China. Focusing on the aesthetic taste of the underclass, popular literary tradition, which highlights appreciation habits of the citizen stratum, is the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture. Breaking through the mode of Western films, the early Chinese film, referring to artistic elements in story-telling script, fiction, and drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties, has created new film genres of ＂unofficial historical film＂ and martial-art film which are positive results of the localization of early Chinese films. Though the unofficial historical film failed in adapting the theme of popular literature, its groundbreaking significance is still worth approving

The Way of Onitsha Market Literature： A Case for Proper Archiving of Nollywood Video Films

In contemporary times, many Nigerians, and indeed Africans, go through huddles to behold some of their most cherished artifacts in foreign lands. Such artifacts were taken away by the colonial masters during their various conquests of ancient African kingdoms. In the modern days as well, such trips are made to other countries by Nigerians and Africans to research into some popular arts and amusements lost as a result of neglect. One of such lost is the popular form of literature that once existed in the eastern part of Nigeria--the Onitsha Market Literature. Using evidences from secondary research materials, this paper discusses the re-occurrence of this silly history of neglecting the production and consumption of popular culture in Nigerian and indeed Africa. Using the Nigerian video film industry, Nollywood, as a case study, a case is here made for the proper archiving of these video films for future generations. It is observed that just few decades of video film production in Nigeria, virtually all the pioneer films cannot be found anywhere in the country. Such films must be needed in future for research purposes as the foundations upon which other great films of the future will base. The work therefore concludes with the obvious recommendation that genuine efforts, will, and finances be committed to proper archiving of legally approved Nollywood films. This will engender the sentiment central to film archiving and drastically reduce the problems that may confront the future generation as regards research in the Nigeria video film culture, Nollywood.

Influence Of English Movies On College English Listening Teaching

Early in the 20th century, Lin Yutang proposed learning English by watching movies, and made a lot of reasons to do so.Contemporary college students are in contact with the flood of information and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent.On campus, it also surges wave of watching English movies, movies not only entertainment, but also can train and inspire students＇ interest and enthusiasm for learning English.Videos spoken dialogue is authentic, students can exercise listening, imitating wonderful dialogue to enhance their listening level, reduce hearing misunderstood.There is no doubt that English is the world＇ s most widely used language, learning English is the mission of every student.Only understand English, we can communicate with the world in English.In this paper, combined with the development status in college English listening teaching, and then explore the role of fihn in college English listening teaching.

An Empirical Study of Applying English Films and TV Programs to English-Listening Teaching

This is a study of the feasibility and effects of teaching listening with films and TV programs. The research is a part of the English Learning Program directed by ZHANG Zhen, which is sponsored by Academic Affairs Office of Leshan Normal University. The researcher of the program sought for theretical bases from Krashen＇s Input Hypothesis, the Motivation Theory, the Context Theory, and the Communicative Language Teaching Theory. Then the author introduced a pilot study conducted by utilizing films or TV programs to teach listening from September 2010 till now. The statistic results from the experiment suggest that there is indeed some correlations between teaching listening with films or TV programs and a learner＇s listening comprehension in general in language achievement tests at certain stages. The scores of the students from the experimental group are improved after two years of teaching with the new methods. Analyses and discussions have been done based on a questionnaire and an interview. The results showed that both the teachers and the students had positive attitudes towards teaching listening with films or TV programs. Most of them view this method as an effective way in ELT （English language teaching）, because it provides more opportunities for contextual practice, lower their anxiety; it can also help to motivate them, stimulate their active participation and increase their activities as well. Therefore, this method can be used to cultivate students＇ communicative competence. Consequently, we can draw the conclusion that this method has some advantages over teaching listening with the pre-taped materials in New College English. It may play an important role in ELT, especially in listening teaching. Based on the statistic analyses and the survey, some activities and techniques are provided for the teacher on how to teach listening with films or TV programs. The roles that an English teacher plays in this method are illustrated at the end of the thesis.

Carbon dioxide insufflation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A meta-analysis and systematic review

AIM:To assess the safety and efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS:The Cochrane Library, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Science Citation Index Expanded, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and references in relevant publications were searched up to December 2011 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CO2 insufflation with air insufflation during ERCP. The trials were included in the review irrespec-tive of sample size, publication status, or language. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.1.6. A random-effects model was used to analyze various outcomes.Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed if necessary. R ESULTS:Seven double-blind RCTs involving a total of 818 patients were identified that compared CO2 insufflation (n = 404) with air insufflation (n = 401) during ERCP. There were a total of 13 post-random- ization dropouts in four RCTs. Six RCTs had a high risk of bias and one had a low risk of bias. None of the RCTs reported any severe gas-related adverse events in either group. A meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (n = 459) indicated that patients in the CO2 insufflation group had less post-ERCP abdominal pain and distension for at least 1 h compared with patients in the air insuf-flation group. There were no significant differences in mild cardiopulmonary complications [risk ratio (RR) = 0.43, 95% CI:0.07-2.66, P = 0.36], cardiopulmonary (e.g., blood CO2 level) changes [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.97, 95% CI: -2.58-0.63, P = 0.23], cost analysis (mean difference = 3.14, 95% CI:-14.57-20.85, P = 0.73), and total procedure time (SMD = -0.05, 95% CI:-0.26-0.17, P = 0.67) between the two groups. C ONCLUSION:CO2 insufflation during ERCP appears to be safe and reduces post-ERCP abdominal pain and discomfort.

The Tension between New Media and Narratology： The Case of Cinema

We will discuss here the tension between the reality of new media and narratological theory, and the case in point will be cinema. Our thesis is that new media have to do with illusion, basically with illusion, and only derivatively with imagination; on the contrary, the field of literature has to do with imagination, strictly with imagination, not with illusion at all. If it is so, something must be wrong with the pretence of narratology, which has literature as its basic referent, to be the adequate theoretical frame in order to understand every cultural phenomenon, especially in the case of new media. We have to insist on the distinction between illusion and imagination. In fact, most literary theorists do not bear in mind such distinction; it tends to completely disappear under the general title ＂fiction.＂ To be sure, it is usually said of cinema that it is fiction, like literature, but cinema is much more than fiction, it is illusion, even if it is the illusion of a story.

Ralph Ellison＇s Literary Criticism

Ralph Ellison published many articles and speeches on various topics before and after his masterpiece Invisible Man was published. They have been collected in Shadow andAct, Going to the Territory, and The Collected Essays of Ralph Ellison （posthumously）, and Shadow and Act has been selected as one of the most influential books in non-fiction with his Invisible Man in fiction which evokes more academic interests. This paper attempts to take a closer look at Ellison＇s literary criticism, focusing mainly on his response to the debate of ＂protest novel＂, his reconsideration of the Negro American writings, and his analysis of how the mainstream American writers, such as Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway, deal with the racial subjects and represent them in their creation. Owing to the strong belief in the ideals of American democracy, Ellison highlights the individuality rather than the stereotyped characteristics of the Negro people, and transcends the fixed category of black and white, for all good literature tells the same story： to be true and honest.

The plight and Countermeasures brought to the constructions of library literature by effect of college enrollment

This text introduces the concept of local literature and collection range, explains the significance of literature collection and explores building programs of local university library. Currently, university library generally put a strong emphasis on collection of academic literature, but has less attention on literature collections which reflect the situation of university location, or even worse, simply don＇ t launch business in this field. For the university library, it is a great loss of literature information resources, as well as a great regret of library work. First, what is the local literature？ It is literature data which document a region＇ s past and present issues like politics, economy, culture, education, history, geography and other aspects like important characters and events, customs, folklore etc.

Culture of Life and Culture of Death. Theological Reflection on Suicide and Euthanasia on Films

Movies have great power to shape the system of values in contemporary culture. In this paper, we deal with theological reflection of suicide and euthanasia and their presentation as free decisions of individuals shown in the movies Seven Pounds and The Sea Inside. Also, we shall present theological reflection on culture of life and culture of death aimed to find common ground for dialogue between two opposed points of view. In the first, introductory part, we will present two views of human freedom, and we will point out that just a theological speech about freedom includes the category of responsibility. On the other hand, what happens often is neglecting categories of resposibility and absolutisation or marginalization of free will. Then we will, as an introduction to the interpretation of films, present global statistics that justify global concerns when it comes to suicide and euthanasia. Next, we will show in central part the concept of quality of life, and we will interpret it through the two mentioned films. In the last section, We conclude, despite opposition between culture of life and death, to offer category of altruism as a starting point for dialogue between the two cultures.

马克思主义视域下的中国电影理论演变

百年间,马克思主义视域下的中国电影理论经历了复杂而曲折的演变,陆续出现了四个时段。中国化马克思主义给中国电影理论带来了基本的东西:输入一种深广而厚重的社会革命论范式,在面向外来理论开放时坚持将其中国化,且传承和光大本民族艺术传统,回答了电影艺术为谁服务和如何服务等基本问题,重视电影理论与批评建设。通向新百年的中国电影理论需要建设影像修辞美学、外国电影史论、中国影文学、电影艺术公赏力美学和电影哲学等。

Structure, Passion and Dynamic Characteristics Study on Sergei Eisenstein＇s Thought of＂Film Structure＂

Sergei Eisenstein was labelled as a theory master of ＂montage＂ for a long time, but also film theory pioneer that seems to be somewhat ＂outdated＂ in the eyes of the modem people. In fact, he was one of the most important figures who created a few of theories and also were good at film creation in the film history of over years. He was not only an outstanding master-level film director, but also film theorist who created rich thoughts to the world. He often discussed the film theories with intercommnnity by taking his own works such as Bronenosets Potyomkin for an example, and simultaneously connected paintings （especially the Oriental painting）, music, literature and others with new arts in the writing of theories, so that the construction of his own film theories was accomplished. The focus of this paper is the later consideration of Sergei Eisenstein on the film works structure. Also, his theoretical system and contemporary significance are rethought by studying a series of thoughts such as ＂works structure＂ , ＂dynamic characteristics＂ , ＂logarithmic spiral＂ , ＂golden section＂ and ＂passionate structure＂ .

The Biophobia of Satan’s Bunny： The Influence of Horror Films in Contemporary Brazilian Literature

In the course, FTV 201A： MEDIA INDUSTRIES and CULTURES of PRODUCTION： FOUNDATIONS, we discussed how to think the philosophy and thoughts that surround people who produce and work in the culture of production and media. That way, the purpose of this work is to think the use of post-horror label as a marketing strategy in the context of Brazilian contemporary literature and cinema. For that, I map the profile of three Brazilian writers： Santiago Nazarian, Antonio Xerxenesky, and Raphael Montes. They are published now by Companhia das Letras, the largest publisher in Brazil, which has an extensive work with the horror literature, having the exclusivity of Stephen King’s books. In addition, all three circulate differently in the media space, standing between an acceptance of academic criticism and the prestige of large-scale consumer audiences. I analyzed what are the writer strategies to construct their image and establish themselves in the literary market using the Post-horror label and its relation with the production company, RT Features, which is financing them. In the end, I did a critical analyzes of the post-horror label as a transmedia strategy to construct an author’s name.

Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, Allegories of Love： Emblematic Ardor

Giovanni Antonio Bazzi （1477-1549）, also known as I1 Sodoma, was a Milanese painter who developed his mature style in Siena during the early Cinquecento. Between 1505 and 1510, under the tutelage of the Chigi and Petrucci families, Bazzi depicted mythological paintings focusing on the personifications of love both terrestrial and celestial. This paper looks at two such works. In one, there hangs on a sycamore tree a classical cartello with the Latin inscription Celestes, meaning celestial or heavenly, providing the title for the painting Amore Celeste （Celestial Love, Figure 3）. A woman, as the personification of love, stands in front of two altars. She ignites one urn with fire and at the same time pours water over another burning fire. In the second work, a tondo with the theme of Terrestrial Love and Celestial Love, Bazzi considered the mischievousness of Venus＇ children Eros and Anteros （Figure 12）. These paintings are mythological and poetical delights with complex symbolism, here analyzed in terms of their iconography in relation to classical influences and Renaissance Neoplatonic love or furor divinus. The paradoxical quest of Renaissance Neoplatonic love was to fuse pagan love with Christian love. For the humanists of the time （Bembo, Colonna, Poliziano, Ficino and Pico） this moral dilemma was a philosophical puzzle, but for artists （Botticelli, Nicoletto da Modena, Pinturicchio and Bazzi） the theme was a pictorial challenge.

Open Innovation： A Systematic Literature Analysis

What is open innovation？ There are different definitions of open innovation, depending, at least, on three parameters： source, ownership, or users of the knowledge linked to innovation. The aim of the paper is to make a systematic literature review, to map open innovation studies, and to re-conceptualize the openness according to two dimensions： degree of technology convergence and ontology of openness. In particular, we propose a classification of open innovation, based on the distinction between the originator/developer of the knowledge and the user. Users are a ubiquitous category, because they can be originators, as well as customers of the innovation itself. Therefore, we point out that there are three types of open innovation, whose degree of openness is defined according to an ontological dimension： at users’ level, at an industry level, and among different fields or industries. Firm’s structure affects the propensity to open innovation adoption; and the type of innovation itself. Finally, we identify another literature gap： the relationship between the open innovation model and grand challenge. Even if open innovation seems to be ideally connected to grand challenges and many industries actually adopt this model, there seems to emerge a gap in literature. Therefore, we propose a conceptual model for future researches.

All Conversations About Love Are the Same

In The Metaphysics of Love, Schopenhauer argues that love is a literary invention. For the philosopher, this feeling was a creation of men to mask the real desire. On the other hand, Nicolas Grimaldi, while analysing Marcel Proust＇s work, enumerates a series of issues that strengthen Schopenhauer＇s arguments. For Grimaldi, the writer explains the literary character of love in its work. Through the analysis of four films, from different cinematography, this work intends to explore the issue of the representation of love in the art of film. In an attempt to understand how film uses its formal and discursive resources to present or represent this feeling, this paper analyses films chosen on the basis of how they tell their love stories. Beginning with Gertrud whose motto, Omnia Love says it all. In The Woman Next Door, Truffaut reveals the paradox of love and pain. Wings of Desire speaks of love and redemption. More recently, Kiarostami offered his Certified Copy, a film that asks whether a copy can produce in us the same thrill of an original. If love is an invention of literature, this paper seeks to understand how such an invention is born, and what it consists in modern and contemporary cinema.

On the Social Influences of News Photography

The continuous development of the society gave birth to the photography technologies, and the science and technology has provided the impetus and support for the enhancement of the levels of the photography technologies. The news photography, as an important part of the photography, contains a wealth of the cultural connotations, which have a great impact on all areas of the society. With the development of the photography technologies, their impact on the society is more in-depth, and the author of this paper carries out the analysis and research from several aspects.

Loto＇i Tonga： Success by Achievement--A Case Study

Loto＇i Tongas＂the big heart＂-is a term describing all that is Tongan： the passion, joy, spirit, and the mind. This quality of being Tongan shapes the way in which Tongans work together to achieve successful outcomes. Loto＇i Tonga influences activities such as community development projects, social and health services initiatives, as well as the passion seen when Tongan engages in sporting activities. This case study describes a community development project in West Auckland, New Zealand, which brought together the Tongan community. The primary aim of the project was to improve the health and wellbeing of Tongans living in West Auckland. Conducted over several years, the project resulted in the establishment of vegetable gardens, a Tongan pre-school centre, and a woman＇s home-based development initiative resulting in the production of a variety of crafts as well as well-being activities. These successful outcomes provide a clear message to both Tongan and non-Tongan leaders that a way to success in Tongan community development is to empower Tongans to be able to lead and take control over determinants of their life and their well-being. Loto＇i Tonga is a key cultural value that determines such outcomes.