未成年人的人身危险性及其征表

在构建和谐社会时代主题的现实背景下,通过"行为人中心"的刑法理论来研究未成年人犯罪具有鲜明的现实意义。未成年人的人身危险性包括初犯可能与再犯可能,未成年人的"可塑性"特点并不是否定其人身危险性的正当根据,与之相反,正是"可塑性"内在的二面性特征决定了未成年人人身危险性的客观实在性。未成年人的人身危险性包括广度上的征表和量度上的征表两个层面,必须结合具体案件的现实情形审慎考察并予以把握。

征表主义人格定罪模式评析

征表主义人格定罪模式认为犯罪是恶性的表现,主张通过行为征表出来的人格危险性来认定罪。这种人格定罪模式对于解释原因自由行为及不能犯等刑法问题具有理论价值。征表主义人格定罪模式将保障人权与防卫社会进行了必要调和,在一定程度上坚持主客观相结合,但存在处罚范围扩大,容易导致侵犯人权的危险等问题。

Dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials

Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,existing reviews primarily focus on specific oxidation reactions,such as oxidative organic synthesis and water remediation,often neglecting recent advancements in plastic upgrading,biomass conversion,and H_(2)O_(2)production,and failing to provide an in-depth discussion of catalytic mechanisms.This review addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution and waste photoreforming.It highlights waste-to-wealth design concepts,examines the challenges,advantages and diverse applications of dual-channel photocatalytic reactions,including photoreforming of biomass,alcohol,amine,plastic waste,organic pollutants,and H_(2)O_(2)production.Emphasizing improvement strategies and exploration of catalytic mechanisms,it includes advanced in-situ characterization,spin capture experiments,and DFT calculations.By identifying challenges and future directions in this field,this review provides valuable insights for designing innovative dual-channel photocatalytic systems.

Recent developments in the physical structure of solid formulations:a comprehensive review

Solid formulations represent the most widely used dosage forms,and their structural attributes significantly impact the efficacy of drugs.Consequently,delving into the study of solid formulation structures is of paramount importance.This paper employs bibliometrics to summarize references on solid formulations and physical structure over the past 5 years,providing a visual representation through CiteSpace.Additionally,we explore influential factors affecting the structure of solid formulations at three distinct levels:raw material,intermediate,and final product.It delves into the discussion of various characterization techniques employed to analyze the physical structure of solid formulations.The techniques include scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-nuclear magnetic resonance,thermal analysis,and terahertz.Emphasis is placed on the significance of investigating formulation structures,serving as a found ational step for future research and development in this field.This comprehensive approach aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of solid formulations for enhanced drug effectiveness.

Design of a Metasurface Antenna Based on Characteristic Mode Theory

A novel metasurface antenna consisting of 5×5 rectangular patch elements is presented.Thestructure with and without the central element are both analyzed by the Characteristic Mode Theory(CMT).The developed mutually orthogonal principal modes of the optimized periodic patch structure areexcited by a center-feed dipole.A differential feeding network is employed to realize impedance matching.Prototype with profile height of 0.07λ_(0)(λ_(0)is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operatingfrequency)is fabricated and assembled to verify the simulation results.The measured results show that thereflectance coefficient of proposed matesurface antenna is less than-10 dB in the whole operating bandrange from 4.2 GHz to 5.5 GHz,a relative bandwidth of 26.8%is achieved,and the maximummeasured realized gain is more than 9 dBi with a maximum radiation efficiency of 90%.The designprovides a guideline on the application of characteristic modes(CMs)to radiation problems.

英美刑法共谋罪之不法协议要件述评

不法协议是共谋罪的行为要件,处罚共谋罪本质上是处罚不法协议。不法协议是共谋者从事共同计划的意志的持续和有意识联合。不法协议可以通过间接证据推导成立。单纯地默认他人的犯罪目标、单纯出现在犯罪现场、单纯地与共谋者有联系、单纯参与共谋的目标犯罪以及赞同他人的提议等不构成不法协议。普通法以群体危险理论支持对不法协议的处罚,不法协议是物质层面上的构成要件。处罚不法协议背后的理论依据可归纳为犯罪征表说,具有主观主义刑法的烙印。处罚共谋罪不等于单纯处罚犯罪意图或处罚"思想犯"。

Preparation and characterization of epoxy asphalt binder for pavement of steel deck bridge

A kind of thermosetting asphalt binder designated as epoxy asphalt, which is composed of two components： maleated asphalt with curing agents and accelerant of epoxy resin and epoxy resin, was prepared. Its paving feasibility and concrete performances were investigated using Brookfield viscosimeter, direct tensile test （DTT）, Marshall testing and the MTS 810 hydraulic servos-system, respectively. Although only 50% to 60% of added maleic anhydride （MAH） reacted with the base asphalt irreversibly （probably by Diels-Alder mechanism）, the curing rate, rupture elongation and tensile strength of maleated epoxy asphalt were enhanced more evidently than those of unmaleated epoxy asphalt. As a result, an epoxy asphalt made from 4% MAH modified asphalt and other curing agents was featured to have an average rupture elongation of 281.9%, an average tensile strength of 2. 63 MPa, and the Marshall stability of its cured concrete reached 37. 0 kN, while that of uncured concrete was 10. 2 kN and the combined beam of fatigue test was still found to behave well after 12 × 10^6 cycles load.

Characterization and evaluation of interface in SiC_p/2024 Al composite

35% SiCp/2024 Al（volume fraction） composite was prepared by powder metallurgy method. The microstructures of Si Cp/Al interfaces and precipitate phase/Al interfaces were characterized by HRTEM, and the interface conditions were evaluated by tensile modules of elasticity and Brinell hardness measurement. The results show that the overall Si Cp/Al interface condition in this experiment is good and three kinds of Si Cp/Al interfaces are present in the composites, which include vast majority of clean planer interfaces, few slight reaction interfaces and tiny amorphous interfaces. The combination mechanism of Si C and Al in the clean planer interface is the formation of a semi-coherent interface by closely matching of atoms and there are no fixed or preferential crystallographic orientation relationships between Si C and Al. MgAl2O4 spinel particles act as an intermediate to form semi-coherent interface with SiC and Al respectively at the slight reaction interfaces. When the composite is aged at 190 °C for 9 h after being solution-treated at 510 °C for 2 h, numerous discoid-shaped and needle-shaped nanosized precipitates dispersively exist in the composite and are semi-coherent of low mismatch with Al matrix. The Brinell hardness of composites arrives peak value at this time.

Characterization of apparent sulfur oxidation activity of thermophilic archaea in bioleaching of chalcopyrite

The apparent sulfur oxidation activities of four pure thermophilic archaea, Acidianus brierleyi （JCM 8954）, Metallosphaera sedula （YN 23）, Acidianus manzaensis （YN 25） and Sulfolobus metallicus （YN 24） and their mixture in bioleaching chalcopyrite were compared, which were characterized indirectly by the evolution of the cells concentration, pH value and sulfate ions concentration in solution. The results show that the mixed culture contributed significantly to the raising of leaching rate, which suggests that the mixed culture had a higher sulfur oxidation activity than the pure culture. Meanwhile, the results also indicate that the changes of parameters characterizing the sulfur oxidation activity of thermophilic archaea are often influenced by many factors, so it is hard to reflect accurately the specific sulfur oxidation activities among the different sulfur-oxidizing microbes when bioleaching chalcopyrite at different conditions. Accordingly, an efficient method to characterize microbial sulfur oxidation activity appears to be desirable.

Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2CO_3 p–n heterojunction composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

Formation of a p–n heterojunction rather than p-type or n-type semiconductors can enhance the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and increase the quantum efficiency of photocatalytic reactions owing to the difference of the electric potential in the inner electric field near the junction,pointing from n toward p. n-Ag3PO4/p-Ag2CO3 p–n heterojunction composites are prepared through a facile coprecipitation process. The obtained Ag3PO4/Ag2CO3 p–n heterojunctions exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance in the removal of rhodamine B（RhB） compared with Ag3PO4 and Ag2CO3. The 40%-Ag3PO4/Ag2CO3 composite photocatalyst（40 mol% Ag3PO4 and 60 mol% Ag2CO3） exhibits the best photocatalytic activity under visible light,demonstrating the ability to completely degrade RhB within 15 min. Transient photovoltage characterization and an active species trapping experiment further indicate that the formation of a p–n heterojunction structure can greatly enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and produce more free h＋active species,which is the predominant contributor for RhB removal.

Life Tables for the Experimental Population Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley at Different Temperatures

[Objective] The study was to investigate the effect of temperature on pop- ulation dynamics of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, so as to providing references for the control and prevention of this pest. [Method] The experimental populations were kept in laboratory and fed on cotton plants, and the major parameters of the population were recorded. [Result] By the construction of age specific life tables and reproductive life tables for the P. solenopsis experimental population at 24, 27, 30 ~C, more than 10 parameters were obtained, including mean generation time, survival rates of different stages and sexes, life expectancy, spawning period, fecundity amount per female, sexual ratio, net reproductive rate, intrinsic increase rate, finite increase rate, population trend index, curve of survival rate, and curve of daily fe- male oviposition, which revealed the effect of temperature on growth and develop- ment, life expectancy and fecundities of P. solenopsis. [Conclusion] The reproductive potential of the P. solenopsis population is very great at suitable temperature, making it easy to outbreak. The research provided scientific basis for population dynam- ics investigation, predication and integrated control of P. solenopsis.

Characterization on Surface and Interfacial Properties of Nitramine Crystal Fillers and Polymeric Bonding Agents

The surface and interfacial properties of polymeric bonding agents and nitramine crystal fillers were studied. The surface free energy and adhesion work of polymeric bonding agents and nitramine fillers were calculated by using Kaeble′s equations. It was observed that the hydroxyl values of neutral polymeric bonding agents (NPBA) correlate well with the polar components of surface free energies. On the basis of the measurements of swelling ratio and initial modulus, the interfacial bonding through highly crosslinked polymeric shell formation around the nitramine particles and generating interfacial reinforcement were rationalized. The application of Tapping Mode AFM (atomic force micro scope) to observing the surface morphology of NPBA reveals that methyl acrylate monomer appears to play a role for aiding the formation of network like structure when nanometer scale images of NPBA are created.

Characterization of SiC nanowires prepared on C/C composite without catalyst by CVD

SiC nanowires were prepared on C/C composite surface without catalyst by chemical vapor deposition（CVD） using CH3 SiCl3 as precursor.SEM images of the CVD-product reveal that some long nanowires have grown to tens of micrometers with some gathered as a ball.Some short nanowires agglomerate like chestnut shell with many thorns accompanied by some deposited nano-particles.XRD,Raman-spectrum and FTIR patterns indicate that the product is a typical β-SiC.TEM images show that the nanowires have a wide diameter range from 10 to 100 nm,and some thin nanowires are bonded to the thick one by amorphous CVD-SiC.A SiC branch generates from an amorphous section of a thick one with an angle of 70° between them,which is consistent with the [111] axis stacking angle of the crystal.SAED and fast Fourier transform（FFT） patterns reveal that the nanowires can grow along with different axes,and the bamboo-nodes section is full of stacking faults and twin crystal.The twisted SiC lattice planes reveal that the screw dislocation growth is the main mechanism for the CVD-SiC nanowires.

Research on Expression of LeWRKY1 in Tomato Induced by Jasmonic Acid and Other Two Factors

[Objective]The aim was to explore the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to various stress response.[Method]The expression of LeWRKY1 in tomato seedlings under treatment with B.cinerea,exogenous JA and SA were explored by real time quantitative RT-PCR technology.[Result]JA induced the expression of LeWRKY1,but SA did not.LeWRKY1 expression was up-regulated under B.cinerea infection.[Conclusion]LeWRKY1 might be involved in the tomato defense response to B.cinerea through JA dependent but SA independent signal pathway.

Cloning and Expression Patterns of a Metallothionein-like GenehtMT2 of Helianthus tuberosus

A novel cDNA sequencehtMT2, which encodes a type 2 metallothionein_like protein, was isolated from Helianthus tuberosus L. tuber cDNA library. The whole sequence is 509 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 240 bp, a 5′ UTR of 62 bp and a 3′ UTR of 207 bp. Two genomic sequences covering the coding region ofhtMT2were cloned by PCR reaction. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic sequences htMTG_1 of 986 bp and htMTG_2 of 982 bp were both composed of three exons and two introns. The deduced protein consisted of 79 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 7.8 ku (kD). Amino_terminal and carboxy_terminal domains contained 8 and 7 cysteine residues respectively, separated by a central cysteine free spacer. Sequence alignment revealed that the predicted protein ofhtMT2 was homologous to type 2 metallothioneins (MTs) of plants. Southern blotting analysis indicated that htMT2was encoded by a small multi_gene family in H. tuberosus genome. Northern blotting analysis showed that htMT2 transcripts were detected in stems, leaves and leafstalks, but no transcripts were detected in roots. The expression level in stems was the highest among the above tissues. Transcripts in stems were significantly reduced by Cu 2+ treatment. Judging from the homologies between the deduced HtMT2 and other type 2 plant metallothioneins as well as responses to metal ions, we believe thatwere cloned by PCR reaction. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic sequences htMTG_1 of 986 bp and htMTG_2 of 982 bp were both composed of three exons and two introns. The deduced protein consisted of 79 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 7.8 ku (kD). Amino_terminal and carboxy_terminal domains contained 8 and 7 cysteine residues respectively, separated by a central cysteine free spacer. Sequence alignment revealed that the predicted protein ofhtMT2 was homologous to type 2 metallothioneins (MTs) of plants. Southern blotting analysis indicated that htMT2was encoded by a small multi_gene family in H. tuberosus genome. Northern blotting analysis showed that htMT2 transcripts were detected in stems, leaves and leafstalks, but no transcripts were detected in roots. The expression level in stems was the highest among the above tissues. Transcripts in stems were significantly reduced by Cu 2+ treatment. Judging from the homologies between the deduced HtMT2 and other type 2 plant metallothioneins as well as responses to metal ions, we believe that[ShtMT2 encodes a new type 2 metallothionein.

CONTOUR EXTRACTION AND FEATURE POINT DETECTION FOR 3-D FRAGMENT REASSEMBLY

An approach to contour extraction and feature point detection in the 3-D fragment reassembly is proposed. A simple and effective technique is used for building the intrinsic topology of the fragment data suitable for contour extraction. For the scanned data in which the topology is difficult to be achieved, the corresponding solutions are given to manage this problem. A robust approach is used for the curvature and torsion calculation of the discrete contour in a 3-D space. Finally, a method is developed for detecting feature points of the fragment contour based on total curvature. Therefore, the contour description combines the simple global information with local feature points. Experiments with real contour curves extracted from 3-D fragments demonstrate that the proposed method is robust and efficient.

Adsorption/reaction energetics measured by microcalorimetry and correlated with reactivity on supported catalysts: A review

The formations and transformations of the chemical bonds of reactants and intermediates on cata- lyst surfaces occur in conjunction with the evolution of heat during catalytic reactions. Measure- ment of this evolved heat is helpful in terms of understanding the nature of the interactions be- tween the catalyst and the adsorbed species, and provides insights into the reactivity of the catalyst. Although various techniques have previously been applied to assessments of evolved heat, direct measurements using a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter are currently the most reliable method for this purpose. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the adsorption/reaction energetics determined by microcalorimetry and the reactivities of supported catalysts, and examine the im- portant role of microcalorimetry in understanding catalytic performance from the energetic point of view.

Feature-based sequential partial vision measurement method for large scale machine parts

To realize the high-precision vision measurement for large scale machine parts, a new vision measurement method based on dimension features of sequential partial images is proposed. Instead of mosaicking the partial images, extracting the dimension features of the sequential partial images and deriving the part size according to the relationships between the sequential images is a novel method to realize the high- precision and fast measurement of machine parts. To overcome the corresponding problems arising from the relative rotation between two sequential partial images, a rectifying method based on texture features is put forward to effectively improve the processing speed. Finally, a case study is provided to demonstrate the analysis procedure and the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experiments show that the relative error is less than 0. 012% using the sequential image measurement method to gauge large scale straight-edge parts. The measurement precision meets the needs of precise measurement for sheet metal parts.

大陆法系刑法理论浅谈

大陆法系刑法理论一般可分为古典学派和实证学派。古典学派以费尔巴哈和贝卡利亚、康德、黑格尔为代表,实证学派以龙布罗梭、菲利、李斯特为代表。古典学派强调人的自由意志,实证学派强调人的生理特征。因此,在犯罪理论上,前者主张非决定论、客观主义、实在主义,后者主张决定论、主观主义、征表主义;在刑罚理论上,前者主张绝对主义,强调一般预防,后者主张相对主义,较注重特殊预防。

Hyperspectral image classification based on spatial and spectral features and sparse representation

To minimize the low classification accuracy and low utilization of spatial information in traditional hyperspectral image classification methods, we propose a new hyperspectral image classification method, which is based on the Gabor spatial texture features and nonparametric weighted spectral features, and the sparse representation classification method（Gabor–NWSF and SRC）, abbreviated GNWSF–SRC. The proposed（GNWSF–SRC） method first combines the Gabor spatial features and nonparametric weighted spectral features to describe the hyperspectral image, and then applies the sparse representation method. Finally, the classification is obtained by analyzing the reconstruction error. We use the proposed method to process two typical hyperspectral data sets with different percentages of training samples. Theoretical analysis and simulation demonstrate that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient compared with traditional classification methods and achieves better classification performance.