三惰轮复合齿轮泵瞬态径向力分析

通过对具有 3惰轮的复合齿轮泵啮合点的瞬态位移分析 ,研究泵的瞬态径向液压力及瞬态啮合力的径向分力 ,得出中心轮齿数为 3的倍数时 ,中心轮与内齿轮的瞬态径向合力能完全平衡 ,且惰轮齿数为奇数时 。

Molecular simulation study of the microstructures and properties of pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]mixed with acetonitrile

The microstructures and thermodynamic properties of mixed systems comprising pyridinium ionic liquid[HPy][BF_(4)]and acetonitrile at different mole fractions were studied using molecular dynamics simulation in this work.The following properties were determined:density,self-diffusion coefficient,excess molar volume,and radial distribution function.The results show that with an increase in the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the self-diffusion coefficient decreases.Additionally,the excess molar volume initially decreases,reaches a minimum,and then increases.The rules of radial distribution functions(RDFs)of characteristic atoms are different.With increasing the mole fraction of[HPy][BF_(4)],the first peak of the RDFs of HA1-F decreases,while that of CT6-CT6 rises at first and then decreases.This indicates that the solvent molecules affect the polar and non-polar regions of[HPy][BF_(4)]differently.

剪切变形对基桩P-Δ效应的影响

给出了小剪切变形下的基桩P-Δ效应和大剪切变形下支座P-Δ效应计算的杆单元刚度矩阵方程。假定杆单元弯曲变形位移函数为三次幂函数,剪切变形函数为线性函数,根据有限元法一般原理,推导了一种同时计入竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形和水平力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程,推导了一种仅计入竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形而忽略水平力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程,推导了一种仅计入水平力剪切变形而忽略竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元刚度方程。计入水平力剪切变形而忽略竖向力径向剪切分力剪切变形的P-Δ效应杆单元可良好的模拟支座在大剪切变形下的偏心工作特性,能实时计入其偏心弯矩影响,为实时计入支座偏心特性的结构动静力分析提供了理论支撑。最后通过自编MATLAB程序进行算例分析,结果表明,计入支座大剪切变下的P-Δ效应后,基桩内力位移和地基土压力均显著增大。基桩自身剪切变形对桩身内力位移和地基土压力影响较小,可以忽略。

Molecular Dynamics Study on Configuration Energy and Radial Distribution Functions of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphates Solution

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the configuration energy and radial distribution functions of mmonium dihydrogen phosphate solution at different temperatures. The dihydrogen phosphate ion was treated as a seven-site model and the ammonium ion was regarded as a five-site model, while a simple-point-charge model for water molecule. An unusually local particle number density fluctuation was observed in the system at saturation temperature. It can be found that the potential energy increases slowly with the temperature from 373 K to 404 K, which indicates that the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has partly decomposed. The radial distribution function between the hydrogen atom of ammonium cation and the oxygen atom of dihydrogen phosphate ion at three different temperatures shows obvious difference, which indicates that the average H-bond number changes obviously with the temperature. The temperature has an influence on the combination between hydrogen atoms and phosphorus atoms of dihydrogen phosphate ion and there are much more growth units at saturated solutions.

浅谈细长轴在加工中的问题及处理方法

根据细长轴在加工中出现的常见问题，提占了有效措施和相应的出来方法，从而更好的保证设计要求和提高生产效率及产品质量。

Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Melting Points of Trans-1,4,5,8- tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadacalin （TNAD） with Some Propellants

Molecular dynamic simulation was employed to predict the melting points Tm of TNAD/HMX, TNAD/RDX, TNAD/DINA, and TNAD/DNP systems （tans-1,4,5,8- tetranitro-1,4,5,8-tetraazadacalin （TNAD）, dinitropiperazine （DNP）, cyclotetramethylenetetranitroamine （HMX）, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine （RDX）, and N-nitrodihydroxyethylaminedinitrate （DINA））. Tm was determined from the inflexion point on the curve of mean specific volume vs. temperature. The result shows that the Tm values of TNAD/HMX, TNAD/RDX, and TNAD/DINA systems are 500, 536, and 488 K, respectively. The TNAD/DNP system has no obvious Tm value, which shows the system is insoluble. Using Tm, the solubility of the four systems was analyzed. The radial distribution functions of the four systems were analyzed and the main intermolecular forces between TNAD and other energetic components are short-range interactions. The better the solubility is, the stronger the intermoleenlar interaction is. In addition, the force field energy at different temperature was also analyzed to predict Tm of the four systems.

Molecular Dynamics Study on Microstructure of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphates Solution

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the internal energy and microstructure of potassium dihydrogen phosphates （KDP） solution at different temperatures. The water molecule was treated as a simple-point-charge model, while a seven-site model for the dihydrogen phosphate ion was adopted. The internal energy functions and the radial distribution functions of the solution were studied in detail. An unusually large local particle number density fluctuation was observed in the system at saturation temperature. It has been found that the specific heat of oversaturated solution is higher than that of unsaturated solution, which indicates the solution experiences a crystallization process below saturation temperature. The radial distribution function between the oxygen atom of water and the hydrogen atom of the dihydrogen phosphate ion shows a very strong hydrogen bond structure. There are strong interactions between potassium cation and oxygen atom of dihydrogen phosphate ion in KDP solution, and much more ion pairs were formed in saturated solution.

8°、6°、5°压力角的泛摆线齿轮

在齿轮传动中,压力角越小,传动效率越高,反之,压力角越大则传动效率越低;渐开线齿轮的标准分度圆压力角是20°,通过推导和大量计算,泛摆线齿轮存在8°、6°、5°的分度圆压力角,完全能够取代并且优于14.5°、20°、25°等压力角;从而降低有害的径向分力和齿轮轴的挠度变形,减少轴承磨损,降低轴承座的支撑刚度,延长齿轮传动系统的寿命,增加有效的分度圆切向分力,提高传动效率5%以上。

Size effects on plastic deformation behavior in micro radial compression of pure copper

Micro radial compression tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens of pure copper polycrystals with different grain sizes. Experimental results indicated that phenomena of decreasing forming force, increasing scatter of forming force and more irregular surface topography occurred with the increase of grain size. A modified surface model based on dislocations pile-up in surface layer grains, and a flow stress scattering formulation based on standard deviation and grain size distribution were proposed to analyze size effects on forming force in micro compression. The inhomogeneous deformation of surface layer grains was discussed by the main deformation manner of rotation. A good agreement with the experimental results was achieved.

Factors affecting accuracy of radial point interpolation meshfree method for 3-D solid mechanics

Recently,the radial point interpolation meshfree method has gained popularity owing to its advantages in large deformation and discontinuity problems,however,the accuracy of this method depends on many factors and their influences are not fully investigated yet.In this work,three main factors,i.e.,the shape parameters,the influence domain size,and the nodal distribution,on the accuracy of the radial point interpolation method(RPIM)are systematically studied and conclusive results are obtained.First,the effect of shape parameters(R,q)of the multi-quadric basis function on the accuracy of RPIM is examined via global search.A new interpolation error index,closely related to the accuracy of RPIM,is proposed.The distribution of various error indexes on the R q plane shows that shape parameters q[1.2,1.8]and R[0,1.5]can give good results for general 3-D analysis.This recommended range of shape parameters is examined by multiple benchmark examples in 3D solid mechanics.Second,through numerical experiments,an average of 30 40 nodes in the influence domain of a Gauss point is recommended for 3-D solid mechanics.Third,it is observed that the distribution of nodes has significant effect on the accuracy of RPIM although it has little effect on the accuracy of interpolation.Nodal distributions with better uniformity give better results.Furthermore,how the influence domain size and nodal distribution affect the selection of shape parameters and how the nodal distribution affects the choice of influence domain size are also discussed.

Investigation of the Flow in the Impeller Side Clearances of a Centrifugal Pump with Volute Casing

The paper is concerned with the fluid flow in the impeller side clearances of a centrifugal pump with volute cas-ing.The flow conditions in these small axial gaps are of significant importance for a number of effects such as disk friction,leakage losses or hydraulic axial thrust to name but a few.In the investigated single stage pump,the flow pattern in the volute turns out to be asymmetric even at design flow rate.To gain a detailed insight into the flow structure,numerical simulations of the complete pump including the impeller side clearances are accom-plished.Additionally,the hydraulic head and the radial pressure distributions in the impeller side clearances are measured and compared with the numerical results.Two configurations of the impeller,either with or without balancing holes,are examined.Moreover,three different operating points,i.e.:design point,part load or overload conditions are considered.In addition,analytical calculations are accomplished to determine the pressure distri-butions in the impeller side clearances.If accurate boundary conditions are available,the 1D flow models used in this paper can provide reasonable results for the radial static pressure distribution in the impeller side clearances.Furthermore,a counter rotating wake region develops in the rear impeller side clearances in absence of balancing holes which severely affects the inflow and outflow conditions of the cavity in circumferential direction.

All-atom and united-atom simulations of guanidinium-based ionic liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in separation, catalysis, electrochemistry, etc., and one of the most outstanding characteristics is that ILs can be tailored and tuned for specific tasks. In order to design and make better use of ionic liquids, the structures and properties relationship is indispensable. Both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations have been proved useful to understand the behavior of molecules at the microscale and the properties of the system. However, the quality of such simulations depends on force field parameters describing the interactions between atoms. All-atom (AA) or the united-atom (UA) force fields will be chosen because of the demand for more exact results or the lower computational cost, respectively. In order to make a systematic comparison of the two force fields, molecular simulations for four kinds of acyclic guanidinium-based ionic liquids (cations: (R2N)2C=N+<, anion: nitric or perchloric acid) were performed based on the AA and the UA force fields in this work. AA force field parameters were derived from our previous work (Fluid Phase Equilib., 2008, 272: 1-7), and the UA parameters were proposed in this work. Molecular dynamics simulation results for the AA and UA force fields were compared. Simulation densities are very similar to each other. Center of mass radial distribution functions (RDFs), site to site RDFs and spatial distribution functions (SDFs) were also investigated to depict the microscopic structures of the ILs.

Radial Forces in a Centrifugal Compressor; Experimental Investigation by Using Magnetic Bearings and Static Pressure Distribution

The volute of a centrifugal compressor causes a non-uniform pressure distribution which leads to a radial force on the impeller. This force was measured using magnetic bearings. In addition, the radial force was estimated using the static pressure distribution measured at the impeller outlet. The impeller force was found to be the highest at choke, the lowest at the design flow and moderate at stall. The radial force determined from the pressure measurements was only slightly different from the force obtained from the bearing measurements. The rotational speed was seen to affect the force to some extent.

Understanding the interactions between tris(pentafluoroethyl)-trifluorophosphate-based ionic liquid and small molecules from molecular dynamics simulation

Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([FEP])-based ionic liquids have been widely applied in many fields. For better understanding the properties of [FEP]-based ionic liquids, the interactions between 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ([hmim])[FEP] and small molecules were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations in this work. The small molecules are water, methanol and dimethyl ether. The united-atom (UA) force fields were proposed for methanol and dimethyl ether based on AMBER force field. The densities, enthalpies of vaporization, excess molar properties, and diffusion coefficients of the mixtures were calculated, as well as the microscopic structures characterized by radial distribution functions. Both of the results of the excess energies and microscopic properties show that the strongest interaction is between [hmim][FEP] and dimethyl ether, whereas the interaction between [hmim][FEP] and water is the weakest. Moreover, [hmim][FEP] is more hydrophobic than [hmim] hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]), and the three solutes are mainly distributed around [FEP] anion.

Influence of filling atoms on radial collapse and elasticity of carbon nanotubes under hydrostatic pressure

Using molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations, we focus on the influence of filling atoms on radial collapse and elasticity of single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs). It is shown that the filled argon(Ar) and silicon(Si) atoms can effectively improve the resistance to high pressure and radial elasticity of SWNT, which may attribute to the strong repulsive force from the filled Ar(Si) atoms. However, due to the strong interaction of Cu atoms, filling Cu atoms deteriorate SWNT's radial elasticity. In addition, it is found that the phase transitions of the atoms filled in SWNT occur in the process of loading and unloading pressure, so that the electrical properties of the SWNTs filled with atoms change in the process of loading and unloading pressure. In view of the restorability of SWNT filled with Si atoms upon unloading, the filled SWNTs can be used to develop a new class of nano-electronic devices such as pressure sensor, relay and memory, etc.