汽轮机叶片径向面通用量具的设计

介绍了汽轮机叶片径向面通用量具的设计方法和关键要点。

面向数字孪生模型应用的油浸式变压器绕组温度POD-RBFLP降阶计算方法

了解油浸式电力变压器绕组的温度情况是保证其运行稳定性的关键,也是当前针对油浸式变压器数字孪生分析的必然需求。为了快速地获得变压器绕组的稳态温度,该文提出一种基于本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)和包含线性多项式的径向基函数响应面法(radial basis function response surface method including linear polynomial,RBFLP)的降阶计算模型。首先,讨论POD方法的降阶特性,并设计一种基于留一法交叉验证的自适应获得快照矩阵方法,以提高计算精度及效率;其次,采用响应面方法建立POD模态系数与绕组工况的相关关系,旨在实现通过绕组工况快速获得POD模态系数,从而跳过对降阶模型的复杂非线性计算,进而高效重构绕组温度场。相关算例表明,该方法具有较好的计算精度和效率,在50组测试工况下,与全阶计算相比,误差不超过2.5 K,且总计算时间仅为1.45 s;最后,基于110 kV变压器绕组搭建温升试验平台,试验结果表明,降阶计算结果相较于试验结果,平均计算误差不超过2 K,且单步计算时间仅为0.03 s,相较于同等规模的全阶计算,计算效率有较大幅度地提升。

涡轮蜂窝面径向轮缘密封封严性能的数值研究

采用附加示踪变量方法,数值求解三维Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（URA-NS）方程和SST紊流模型,研究了典型光滑面径向轮缘密封和新设计的蜂窝面径向轮缘密封的封严性能.数值计算了光滑面轮缘密封的封严效率.数值结果与实验数据吻合一致,验证了所发展数值方法的有效性.计算了三种封严冷气量下蜂窝面和光滑面径向轮缘密封的封严效率,分析对比了两种轮缘密封的封严性能和流场特性.研究结果表明：新设计的蜂窝面径向轮缘密封的封严效率相比于光滑面结构在相同冷气量下提高52%~67%.在径向内齿上开设蜂窝孔结构会增加流动阻力,抑制入侵燃气进入涡轮盘腔,有效地提高了轮缘密封的封严性能.

基于径向基函数响应面的机翼有限元模型修正

用ANSYS三维实体单元SOLID45建立机翼基准有限元模型并计算其自由振动的前6阶模态频率.用均匀设计方法将结构参数分组并分别计算各组结构参数对应的模态频率,建立高斯径向基函数响应面模型.用最小二乘法则拟合系数并检验响应面拟合精度,对基准模型的结构参数施加摄动量建立待修正有限元模型.用响应面模型和基准模型计算所得模态频率的相对误差建立适应度函数的表达式,将混沌搜索机制引入粒子群算法对结构参数的摄动量进行寻优计算,搜索所得优化解代入即得修正后模型,将修正后模型与基准模型在测试频段内段外的模态频率近似度进行比较,证实了修正后模型的有效性.

失谐叶盘振动可靠性分析的径向基极值响应面法

为了研究随机刚度失谐对叶盘振动可靠性的影响,将径向基函数神经网络与极值响应面结合提出了径向基极值响应面法。选取叶盘材料密度、工作转速、激振力幅值作为随机输入变量,叶盘振幅极值为输出响应,利用拉丁超立方抽样法抽取不同输入样本点,通过有限元分析计算得到各样本点对应的振幅极值响应,用抽取的样本点构建径向基极值响应面,并结合蒙特卡洛法对随机变量进行大批量抽样,将其带入径向基极值响应面分析得到叶盘振动可靠度。结果表明,在随机刚度失谐因素影响下,叶盘振动可靠性降低,更容易发生振动失效。通过与蒙特卡洛法、极值响应面法进行对比,得出径向基极值响应面在保证计算精度的情况下提高了计算效率。

调节级叶片锯断及铣径向面尺寸计算与夹具设计

主要叙述了三系列汽轮机调节级叶片锯断尺寸计算及铣径向面夹具的设计。

具有径向导电面的多层介质圆波导的传播特性

采用分离变量的方法,推出了具有径向导电面、多层普通介质填充的圆柱波导各层电磁场之间的递推关系,得到了其模式场解,并进一步推出了此波导的本征方程。将其应用于只有一种介质填充情况,结果和有关文献相同。作为示例,文中给出了填充两层介质时,一些模式的色散特性的计算结果。

基于BP神经网络的沥青面层层底径向应变预测

基于层状弹性理论,利用BP神经网络预测沥青面层层底径向应变。根据常用的路面结构形式,基于层状弹性理论构建路表弯沉值与结构层参数之间的数据库,并以此数据库建立沥青面层层底径向应变BP神经网络预测模型。理论及实测弯沉盆的预测结果表明,文中所建立的沥青面层层底径向应变BP神经网络模型具有较好的预测精度,为准确、快速地评价沥青面层的使用状况提供了参考。

径向拉伸面上磁流体边界层流方程的有限元数值解

研究流经径向拉伸面上的磁流体引起的稳定的二维边界层流的剪切力,利用一个等价变换将磁流体边界层流控制方程转化成与之等价的奇异积分方程,再利用Galerkin有限元方法将其转化成非线性方程组,最后利用Newton迭代法求解该非线性方程组的数值解,从而获得参数M取不同数值时该问题中流体剪切力的相应数值结果,并将该数值结果与前人的结果作比较。结果显示,该数值结果与前人结论基本一致,这说明Galerkin有限元方法也是一种解决磁流体边界层流的好方法。

针对汽轮机导叶圆弧面装配要求的叶片加工工艺研究

针对超超临界(CCH01-4)高、中压导叶的加工,提出合理的加工方案,实现定位基准的稳定,减少了基准转换,提高了叶片加工精度。

利用CAXA2000制造工程师对汽轮机叶片进行三维实体建模及型面加工

一、引言 汽轮机叶片是一种较为复杂的机械零件。一般来说,叶片的叶型部分常常是用公式曲线(如等截面叶片)或者用离散点形式的三维数据点(如变截面叶片)来表达;叶片的叶根、叶冠部分因为有较为复杂的与装配相关的结构,通常用多个局部视图来表达;而在叶根、叶冠与叶型的连接部分,由于通常是给定R与三维曲面的全周连接,因而工程图的投影规律更难以精确地描述各过渡部分(如型面与R连接处与径向装配面之间)的形状。

深沟球轴承套圈磨削尺寸精度分析

本文介绍了深沟球轴承内径、外沟道、内沟道磨削的尺寸精度控制方法,指出了尺寸精度的影响因素,分析了径向支承面对尺寸精度的影响。

叶片封严槽的电火花加工方法研究

采用封严槽的电火花加工方法,设计了一种在电极底座上固定的铜钨合金块。首先采用数控铣削加工的方式将两块铜钨合金块加工成形状、位置分别与叶片大缘板和小缘板上待加工封严槽的形状一致、位置相匹配的两个电极。接着,在电极损耗后,同样采用数控铣削加工的方式重新加工出两块铜钨合金块相应的电极。减小更换电极的频率,避免因频繁更换电极造成电极位置波动而引起的封严槽位置度无法保证的问题。该方法使用两个电极对涡轮导向叶片同一面上的大缘板和小缘板上的封严槽进行同时加工,大幅提高了加工效率;同时,以铜钨合金替代紫铜作为电极材料,铜钨合金的强度更大,使用过程中电极不容易变形,提高了封严槽的加工精度及合格率。

Ground roll wave suppression based on wavelet frequency division and radial trace transform

Ground roll waves interfere with seismic data. The suppression of ground roll waves based on the division of wavelet frequencies considers the low-frequency characteristics of ground roll waves. However, this method will not be effective when the ground roll wave and the effective signal have the same frequency bands because of overlapping. The radial trace transform （RTT） considers the apparent velocity difference between the effective signal and the ground roll wave to suppress the latter, but affects the low-frequency components of the former. This study proposes a ground roll wave suppression method by combining the wavelet frequency division and the RTT based on the difference between the ground roll wave velocity and the effective signal and their energy difference in the wavelet domain, thus making full use of the advantages of both methods. First, we decompose the seismic data into different frequency bands through wavelet transform. Second, the RTT and low-cut filtering are applied to the low-frequency band, where the ground roll waves are appearing. Third, we reconstruct the seismic record without ground roll waves by using the inverse RTT and the remaining frequency bands. The proposed method not only improves the ground roll wave suppression, but also protects the signal integrity. The numerical simulation and real seismic data processing results suggest that the proposed method has a strong ability to denoise while preserving the amplitude.

Radial Orientation Mechanism and Experimental Research of Short Fiber in Tread Compound

Combining with Jeffery ：quation and mechanics model of fixed point of Euler rigid btdy, the mechanism and method of short fiber radial orientrion and characteristics of movement in tread extrusion process were studied. The influences of tension flow field and shear flow field in flow channel on short fiber orientation trove been systemically analyzed. The extrusion die, which had a hinder dam by adopting such principle, was designed. The results show that the expansion ratio and expanding angle of cross section are the key factors to determine the radial orientation of short fiber. Mathematical model of short fiber radial orientation was established. The results also show that the best expansion ratio is 3 - 4, the expanding angle is 75°, obtaining the average orientation angle between 70°- 80°, and the rationality of the radial oriented mechanism and the mathematical model are verified.

Converting circular tubes into square cross-sectional parts using incremental forming process

Incremental forming process is recently developed to form tubular parts.The fabrication cost and accuracy could be optimized if the effects of process parameters and the optimum values are specified.The aim of this research is using incremental forming of copper tubes to convert a circular tube into a square cross-sectional part.An experimental setup,consisting of a spherical forming punch and a fixture for clamping the tube is designed.The forming punch movement is controlled by a CNC machine.Full factorial design of experiments is carried out in order to determine the effects of process parameters including linear velocity,radial feed,and axial feed of the tool on the thinning ratio and the maximum outer diameter of the square cross-sectional parts.Results show that the radial feed has the major influence on the thinning ratio,while the axial feed plays the major role for the final profile.Increase of radial feed results in higher thinning ratio,and decrease of axial feed results in better shape conformity.Linear velocity does not have a significant effect on thinning ratio.Regression models are also given for predicting the determined responses.

Stress analytical solution for plane problem of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder subjected to a type of non-uniform distributed pressure

The stress state around circular openings,such as boreholes,shafts,and tunnels,is usually needed to be evaluated.Solutions for stresses,strains and ultimate bearing capacities of pressurized hollow cylinder are common cases.Stress analytical method for plane problem of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder subjected to a type of non-uniform pressure on the outer surface and uniform radial pressure on the inner surface is given.The power series method of complex function is used.The stress analytical solution is obtained with the assumption that two layers of a cylinder are fully contacted.The distributions of normal and tangential contact stress along the interface,tangential stress on the inner boundary and stresses in the radial direction at θ=0°,45° and 90°,are obtained.An example indicates that,when the elastic modulus of the inner layer of a double-layered thick-walled cylinder is smaller than that of the outer layer,the tangential stress is smaller than that in the corresponding point for a traditional cylinder composed of homogeneous materials.In that way,stress concentration at the inner surface can be alleviated and the stress distribution is more uniform.This is a capable way to enhance the elastic ultimate bearing capacity of thick-walled cylinder.

百万超超临界汽轮机组动叶片工艺分析和质量控制

叙述了某百万千瓦等级超超临界汽轮机机组某级动叶片的工艺制定过程,分析了工艺制定的方法和实际操作中的难点,介绍了实际加工过程中的质量控制方法,以及径向装配面加工难点的解决方法。

Deformation division of metal flow behavior during extrusion process of 7075 aluminum alloy

To reduce defects caused by non-homogeneous metal flow in conventional extrusion,a die with guiding angle was designed to improve the metal flow behavior. The characteristic quantities such as the second invariant of the deviator stress J2 and Lode's coefficient μ were employed for the division of deformation area. The results show that when the metal is extruded with the guiding angle,no metal flow interface forms at the container's bottom,the dead zone completely disappears,the deformation types of the metal in the plastic deformation area change from three types to one type of tension,and the homogeneity of the deformation as well as metal flow are greatly improved. The non-homogeneous metal flow at the final stage of extrusion is improved,reducing the shrinkage hole at the axis end. The radial stress of the furthest point from the axis is transformed from tensile stress to compressive stress and the axial stress,and decreased from 70.8 to 34.8 MPa. Therefore,the surface cracks caused by additional stress are greatly reduced.

An efficient parallel algorithm for shortest pathsin planar layered digraphs

This paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm for the shortest path problem in planar layered digraphs that runs in O(log^3n) time with n processors. The algorithms uses a divide and conquer approach and is based on the novel idea of a one-way separator, which has the property that any directed path can be crossed only once.