芜湖市中心城区初雨径流面源污染控制能力研究

为了给城市水环境治理提供合理的依据,对芜湖中心城区道路、公共建筑、绿地、城区居住区、工业企业、码头等6类典型下垫面初雨径流中的COD、氨氮、总磷、总氮4项水质指标进行了监测与分析,研究了截留初雨径流对面源污染的控制能力。结果表明:4~8 mm降雨的径流量占年径流总量的25.74%~43.34%,截留4~8mm降雨径流进入污水处理厂,分别可控制径流面源污染负荷COD 50.94%~63.82%、氨氮45.80%~60.93%、总磷42.69%~56.34%、总氮43.78%~56.16%。研究认为:芜湖地区控制6 mm降雨径流纳入污水厂处理规模中,将有效减少初雨径流带来的污染负荷,提升城区水环境质量。

生态沟渠对珠三角稻田径流污染的削减功能研究

探讨不同类型生态沟渠在实际应用中的径流氮磷拦截效应,对农业面源污染防治具有重要意义。以广州增城生态农业基地内生态化改造后的4条沟渠为研究对象,分析比较不同构造类型和植物配置方式对稻田排水截留净化效果的影响。结果表明:受降雨事件影响,生态沟渠不同监测断面的水质变化特征在降雨前后发生显著变化。沟渠不同断面水体NH_(4)^(+)和NO_(3)^(−)含量,在降雨发生期间沿水流方向略有增加;而降雨结束后沿水流方向呈现降低趋势,表现出一定的污染物削减效果。单因素方差分析结果表明,构造类型和植物配置方式不同的4条生态沟渠对径流水体NH_(4)^(+)和DO的净化效果存在显著差异(P<0.05)。进一步选择植物配置方式相同但构造类型不同的两种生态沟渠(素土生态沟渠和多孔砖生态沟渠),深入比较其对氮、磷和COD等面源径流污染物的削减效果发现:由入口到出口断面,素土生态沟渠和多孔砖生态沟渠水体氮、磷和COD含量均呈逐步下降趋势,多孔砖生态沟渠对水体NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(−)、TN、TP和COD的平均削减率(28%、50%、30%、54%和41%)均高于素土生态沟渠(26%、25%、23%、33%和27%)。综上,相比素土生态沟渠而言,该研究中多孔砖生态沟渠对面源污染物净化效果更佳。因此在进行农田沟渠生态化改造时,因地制宜选择合适的生态沟渠类型,可有效提高其对面源径流污染物的拦截净化效果。

场地基于容积法的海绵城市设计方法研究

海绵城市设计作为一种新兴的城市规划理念,正在获得越来越多的关注。本研究介绍了一种海绵城市设计计算的方法,并提供了参考指导,以帮助其他项目进行海绵城市设计。通过对一座城市的案例研究,验证该方法的有效性和实用性。结果显示,通过合理的海绵城市设计,可以显著减少城市洪涝灾害的发生,并提高城市的可持续发展能力。

快速城市化新区水质生态保障工程评价

对位于无锡太湖新城、已实施水质生态保障示范工程的尚贤河进行了为期1a的水质变化监测，分析pH、电导率等11个因子的变化情况。监测指标数据显示，在工程中后期，水体营养物质含量有所降低并基本保持稳定。此外，选取溶解氧、氨氮、总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数5个参数，采用灰色聚类法评价四季的水质状况。评价数据显示，尚贤河水质在秋、冬、春季为III类水。夏季为V类水；剔除总氮因子后评价，则夏季为IV类水，其他三季水质不变。说明尚贤河总氮污染较严重，需进一步提高除污技术。除该因子外，生态保障技术对其他水质污染物去除效果较好，总体运行效果良好。

Reviews on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Monitoring Techniques and Methods

Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.

Study on Management and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Surface Runoff

Urbanization is the dominant form of land-use change in terms of impacts on water quality, hydrology, physical proper- ties of watersheds and their nonpoint source (NPS) pollution po- tential at present. Urbanization has changed the source, process and sink of urban NPS pollution, especially raised the pollution load of urban runoff NPS in receiving water. Urban runoff pollu- tion is a hot spot of research on NPS. This paper analyzed type, source and harm of the NPS pollutants of urban runoff and its influence on the receiving water. Through estimating NPS pollu- tion load of urban runoff and summarizing the law and character- istics of urban runoff NPS systemically, study on management and control of urban runoff NPS pollution was focused on the applica- tion of BMPs (best management practices). It is a fresh method- ology that management and control on NPS pollution from urban surface runoff was analyzed by methods of landscape ecology, environmental economics and environmental management. The paper provided a scientific reference for mitigating urban water environment pressure and an effective method for management and control of NPS pollution from urban surface runoff..

重庆南湖水源地保护工程人工湿地的雨季运行特点

人工湿地是近年来日益受到关注的一项农业径流面源污染控制技术。结合重庆市南湖水源地保护工程的人工湿地工程实例,分析了该农业区雨季径流的水质、水量特征,并对人工湿地的运行特点以及不同运行方式下的除污效果进行了研究。结果表明,用于农业径流处理的人工湿地为典型非稳态运行人工湿地,在降雨影响下进水量和出水量并不相等,适合用径流平均浓度(EMC)去除率评估其污染物净化效能;在雨季进水水量和水质随机波动的情况下,人工湿地的出水COD、NH4^+-N、TN以及浊度值稳定,均能达到设计要求,但对TP的去除效果受进水量的影响明显,进水TP为0. 11~0. 34 mg/L时,出水TP的EMC值为0. 16 mg/L,未达到设计要求。