For establishing the equation of the capacitive target detection accurately, the distributing characteristics of the charges on the bomb body with capacitance fuze were explored. Continuous charges were analyzed disp...For establishing the equation of the capacitive target detection accurately, the distributing characteristics of the charges on the bomb body with capacitance fuze were explored. Continuous charges were analyzed dispersively. Based on the Coulomb's law, the dynamic equilibrium equations of the inducing charges on the bomb body were set up. For the four cases of d 0/L (the ratio between the electrode distance and the bomb length), the curves of the charge's distribution were given. It was concluded that: ① the charge density decreases steadily from the end near the frontal electrode to the bomb tail; ② the declining rate of the density is governed by d 0/L , the larger the value of d 0/L ,the higher the declining rate, and vice versa.展开更多
EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 197...EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 1970＇s, energy has taken an important place in the EU＇s agenda and has become one of the EU＇s highest priorities as the part of the EU＇s goal of Single Market. Especially, the 1987 Single European Act followed by the goal of Single Market has come to dominate the idea of the necessity of having a single market for energy. A chapter about energy has been added into the letter of the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon for the first time, thus energy has gained a new dimension and has had a legal basis. However, although there are energy rules defined at European level, there are 28 national regulatory structures in practice. Therefore, an integrated energy market is needed to create more competition, to increase market efficiency through better use of energy generation facilities across the EU, to produce affordable prices for consumers, and to move as whole, not as 28 separate countries. In this regard, the idea of creation of the Energy Union has emerged and the European Commission has published a detailed action plan for the Energy Union on February 25, 2015. In this study, historical process of initiatives for the creation of common energy policy in the EU is analyzed and the future of Energy Union is discussed.展开更多
GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special...GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special. GB/T 7714-2005 provides that description of such literature in bibliographic references should stress the key points and simplify the content.展开更多
Problem of goal-setting is related to the fundamental principles of informationology and general, rather than specific, aproaches, which enable a more adequate appraisal of certain managerial decisions in terms of the...Problem of goal-setting is related to the fundamental principles of informationology and general, rather than specific, aproaches, which enable a more adequate appraisal of certain managerial decisions in terms of their efficiency. In article this problem is considered and from positions of informationology is formulated and on the basis of a method of full mathematical induction the Law of positive dynamics of the Universe is proved. This law establishes preference of the positive purposes in all processes happening in the Universe. Thus, the goal-setting which is carried out from positions of the described Law is the important world outlook prerequisite searching, identification and development of strategic alternatives of purposeful social innovations.展开更多
Pure proportional navigation(PPN) is suitable for endoatmospheric interceptions,for its commanded acceleration is perpendicular to interceptor velocity.However,if the target is much faster than the interceptor,the hom...Pure proportional navigation(PPN) is suitable for endoatmospheric interceptions,for its commanded acceleration is perpendicular to interceptor velocity.However,if the target is much faster than the interceptor,the homing performance of PPN will be degraded badly.True proportional navigation(TPN) does not have this problem,but its commanded acceleration is perpendicular to the line of sight(LOS),which is not suitable for endoatmospheric interceptions.The commanded acceleration of differential geometric guidance commands(DGGC) is perpendicular to the interceptor velocity,while the homing performance approximates the LOS referenced guidance laws(PPN series).Therefore,DGGC is suitable for endoatmospheric interception of high-speed targets.However,target maneuver information is essential for the construction of DGGC,and the guidance commands are complex and may be without robustness.Through the deep analysis of three-dimensional engagement,a new construction method of DGGC is proposed in this paper.The target maneuver information is not needed any more,and the robustness of DGGC is guaranteed,which makes the application of DGGC possible.展开更多
The origin of power-law distributions in self-organized criticality is investigated by treating the variation of the number of active sites in the system as a stochastic process. An avalanche is mapped to a first-retu...The origin of power-law distributions in self-organized criticality is investigated by treating the variation of the number of active sites in the system as a stochastic process. An avalanche is mapped to a first-return random-walk process in a one-dimensional lattice. In order to understand the reason of variant exponents for the power-law distributions in different self-organized critical systems, we introduce the correlations among evolution steps. Power-law distributions of the lifetime and spatial size are found when the random walk is unbiased with equal probability to move in opposite directions. It is found that the longer the correlation length, the smaller values of the exponents for the power-law distributions.展开更多
文摘For establishing the equation of the capacitive target detection accurately, the distributing characteristics of the charges on the bomb body with capacitance fuze were explored. Continuous charges were analyzed dispersively. Based on the Coulomb's law, the dynamic equilibrium equations of the inducing charges on the bomb body were set up. For the four cases of d 0/L (the ratio between the electrode distance and the bomb length), the curves of the charge's distribution were given. It was concluded that: ① the charge density decreases steadily from the end near the frontal electrode to the bomb tail; ② the declining rate of the density is governed by d 0/L , the larger the value of d 0/L ,the higher the declining rate, and vice versa.
文摘EU is in position of world＇s largest energy importer and plays an active role in energy markets. Therefore, the EU＇s energy policy has not only local but also global effects. Because of the two oil crises in the 1970＇s, energy has taken an important place in the EU＇s agenda and has become one of the EU＇s highest priorities as the part of the EU＇s goal of Single Market. Especially, the 1987 Single European Act followed by the goal of Single Market has come to dominate the idea of the necessity of having a single market for energy. A chapter about energy has been added into the letter of the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon for the first time, thus energy has gained a new dimension and has had a legal basis. However, although there are energy rules defined at European level, there are 28 national regulatory structures in practice. Therefore, an integrated energy market is needed to create more competition, to increase market efficiency through better use of energy generation facilities across the EU, to produce affordable prices for consumers, and to move as whole, not as 28 separate countries. In this regard, the idea of creation of the Energy Union has emerged and the European Commission has published a detailed action plan for the Energy Union on February 25, 2015. In this study, historical process of initiatives for the creation of common energy policy in the EU is analyzed and the future of Energy Union is discussed.
文摘GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special. GB/T 7714-2005 provides that description of such literature in bibliographic references should stress the key points and simplify the content.
文摘Problem of goal-setting is related to the fundamental principles of informationology and general, rather than specific, aproaches, which enable a more adequate appraisal of certain managerial decisions in terms of their efficiency. In article this problem is considered and from positions of informationology is formulated and on the basis of a method of full mathematical induction the Law of positive dynamics of the Universe is proved. This law establishes preference of the positive purposes in all processes happening in the Universe. Thus, the goal-setting which is carried out from positions of the described Law is the important world outlook prerequisite searching, identification and development of strategic alternatives of purposeful social innovations.
文摘Pure proportional navigation(PPN) is suitable for endoatmospheric interceptions,for its commanded acceleration is perpendicular to interceptor velocity.However,if the target is much faster than the interceptor,the homing performance of PPN will be degraded badly.True proportional navigation(TPN) does not have this problem,but its commanded acceleration is perpendicular to the line of sight(LOS),which is not suitable for endoatmospheric interceptions.The commanded acceleration of differential geometric guidance commands(DGGC) is perpendicular to the interceptor velocity,while the homing performance approximates the LOS referenced guidance laws(PPN series).Therefore,DGGC is suitable for endoatmospheric interception of high-speed targets.However,target maneuver information is essential for the construction of DGGC,and the guidance commands are complex and may be without robustness.Through the deep analysis of three-dimensional engagement,a new construction method of DGGC is proposed in this paper.The target maneuver information is not needed any more,and the robustness of DGGC is guaranteed,which makes the application of DGGC possible.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10635020 and 10775057by the Ministry of Education of China under Grant Nos.306022,IRT0624by the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities under Grant No.B08033
文摘The origin of power-law distributions in self-organized criticality is investigated by treating the variation of the number of active sites in the system as a stochastic process. An avalanche is mapped to a first-return random-walk process in a one-dimensional lattice. In order to understand the reason of variant exponents for the power-law distributions in different self-organized critical systems, we introduce the correlations among evolution steps. Power-law distributions of the lifetime and spatial size are found when the random walk is unbiased with equal probability to move in opposite directions. It is found that the longer the correlation length, the smaller values of the exponents for the power-law distributions.
