随着城镇化的快速发展,城市设计越来越趋向于同质化、模式化,许多设计导引都有一个固定的套路可循,无法体现每个城市独特的文化与精神,而且许多不切合人使用尺度的空间设计也只能带来视觉上的冲击力。因此,在城市设计中,我们要更多地探...随着城镇化的快速发展,城市设计越来越趋向于同质化、模式化,许多设计导引都有一个固定的套路可循,无法体现每个城市独特的文化与精神,而且许多不切合人使用尺度的空间设计也只能带来视觉上的冲击力。因此,在城市设计中,我们要更多地探寻区域、城市的人文性特征及地域性特征,打造出具有文化标志和地域特性的城镇。以2009年ASLA(American Society of Landscape Architects,美国园林建筑师协会)获奖作品"循环景观"为例,探讨了城市设计中的人文性与地域性。展开更多
Within a forested watershed at the Uryu Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University in northern Hokkaido, overstory litterfall and related nutrient fluxes were measured at different landscape zones over two years. The ...Within a forested watershed at the Uryu Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University in northern Hokkaido, overstory litterfall and related nutrient fluxes were measured at different landscape zones over two years. The wetland zone covered with Picea glehnii pure stand. The riparian zone was deciduous broad-leaved stand dominated by Alnus hirsuta and Salix spp., while the mixture of deciduous broadleaf and evergreen conifer dominated by Betula platyphylla, Quercus crispula and Abies sachalinensis distributed on the upland zone. Annual litterfall averaged 1444, 5122, and 4123 kg.hm^-2·a^-1 in the wetland, riparian and upland zones, respectively. Litterfall production peaked in September-October, and foliage litter contributed the greatest amount （73.4%-87.6 %） of the annual total litterfall. Concentrations of nutrients analyzed in foliage litter of the dominant species showed a similar seasonal variation over the year except for N in P glehnii and A. hirsuta. The nutrient fluxes for all elements analyzed were greatest on riparian zone and lowest in wetland zone. Nutrient fluxes via litterfall followed the decreasing sequence： N （11-129 kg.hm-2.aq） 〉 Ca （9-69） 〉 K （5-20） 〉 Mg （3-15） 〉 P （0.4-4.7） for all stands. Significant differences were found in litterfall production and nutrient fluxes among the different landscape components. There existed significant differences in soil chemistry between the different landscape zones. The consistently low soil C：N ratios at the riparian zone might be due to the higher-quality litter inputs （largely N-fixing alder）.展开更多
文摘随着城镇化的快速发展,城市设计越来越趋向于同质化、模式化,许多设计导引都有一个固定的套路可循,无法体现每个城市独特的文化与精神,而且许多不切合人使用尺度的空间设计也只能带来视觉上的冲击力。因此,在城市设计中,我们要更多地探寻区域、城市的人文性特征及地域性特征,打造出具有文化标志和地域特性的城镇。以2009年ASLA(American Society of Landscape Architects,美国园林建筑师协会)获奖作品"循环景观"为例,探讨了城市设计中的人文性与地域性。
基金The project was supported by Japanese Society for Promotion of Sciences (15P03118).
文摘Within a forested watershed at the Uryu Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University in northern Hokkaido, overstory litterfall and related nutrient fluxes were measured at different landscape zones over two years. The wetland zone covered with Picea glehnii pure stand. The riparian zone was deciduous broad-leaved stand dominated by Alnus hirsuta and Salix spp., while the mixture of deciduous broadleaf and evergreen conifer dominated by Betula platyphylla, Quercus crispula and Abies sachalinensis distributed on the upland zone. Annual litterfall averaged 1444, 5122, and 4123 kg.hm^-2·a^-1 in the wetland, riparian and upland zones, respectively. Litterfall production peaked in September-October, and foliage litter contributed the greatest amount （73.4%-87.6 %） of the annual total litterfall. Concentrations of nutrients analyzed in foliage litter of the dominant species showed a similar seasonal variation over the year except for N in P glehnii and A. hirsuta. The nutrient fluxes for all elements analyzed were greatest on riparian zone and lowest in wetland zone. Nutrient fluxes via litterfall followed the decreasing sequence： N （11-129 kg.hm-2.aq） 〉 Ca （9-69） 〉 K （5-20） 〉 Mg （3-15） 〉 P （0.4-4.7） for all stands. Significant differences were found in litterfall production and nutrient fluxes among the different landscape components. There existed significant differences in soil chemistry between the different landscape zones. The consistently low soil C：N ratios at the riparian zone might be due to the higher-quality litter inputs （largely N-fixing alder）.
