Aiming at the problem of large AC copper loss caused by skin effects and proximity effects,and low efficiency at high speed of the hairpin-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for electric vehicles(EVs),thi...Aiming at the problem of large AC copper loss caused by skin effects and proximity effects,and low efficiency at high speed of the hairpin-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for electric vehicles(EVs),this paper firstly established the electromagnetic analytical model of the hairpin winding to calculate AC resistance.And the finite element model(FEM)of the hairpin-winding driving motor is established to calculate the AC characteristic of the hairpin winding at different speeds and temperatures.Then,combining modified particle swarm optimization(MPSO)and FEM,a 60 k W hairpin-winding PMSM is optimized under driving cycle conditions,and the electromagnetic performance and heat dissipation performance are compared with that of the traditional strand-winding motor.Finally,a prototype is made and an experimental platform is built to test the efficiency Map and temperature rise of the hairpin-winding motor over the whole speed range and verify the accuracy of the proposed optimization design method.The results show that the hairpin-winding PMSM not only has higher slot filling rate,high?efficiency range and power density,but also has better heat dissipation performance,which is suitable for application in the field of electric vehicles.展开更多
Using the monthly mean reanalysis data of height, wind and vertical velocity of NCEP/NCAR from 1958 to 2003, the characteristics of 500hPa height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, convergence and divergence on the...Using the monthly mean reanalysis data of height, wind and vertical velocity of NCEP/NCAR from 1958 to 2003, the characteristics of 500hPa height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, convergence and divergence on the levels of 200hPa and 925hPa and vertical stream over the Shandong province were studied and compared with that over North China. The study shows that the teleconnection pattern called East Asia-Pacific pattern (EAP) plays important roles in the summer rainfall of Shandong. Weaker Okhotsk sea high, stronger upward stream over tropical areas and Shandong and northward location of subtropical high and stronger Indian low, are likely to lead to more rain in Shandong province in summer, but there are some flood (drought) years in which these characteristics such as the location and intensity of subtropical high change with the least extent. The difference between Shandong and North China in 500hPa height is that there is a teleconnection pattern called Europe / Asia pattern in North China, while there is a negative East Asia Pattern in Shandong during drought years. There is a teleconnection relation between Shandong summer rainfall and convective activities happening in tropical areas in spring and summer accomplished by the Rossby waves. During the flood years in Shandong, the convective activities happening in tropical India Ocean and tropical west Pacific and Walker circulation are much stronger than that during the drought years, but the convective activities happening in tropical east Pacific are weaker than those during the drought years.展开更多
Microcirculation images often have uneven illumination and low contrast in the acquisition process, which affect the image reorganization and following process. This paper presents a new method for microcireulatory im...Microcirculation images often have uneven illumination and low contrast in the acquisition process, which affect the image reorganization and following process. This paper presents a new method for microcireulatory image illumination correction and contrast enhancement based on the Contourlet transform. Initially, the image illumination model is extracted by Contourlet transform and then uneven illumination is corrected. Next, in order to restrain noise and enhance image contrast, the probability function associated with noise coefficient and edge coefficient is established and applied to all Contourlet coefficients. Then, a nonlinear enhancement function is applied to modified Contourlet coefficient to adaptively enhance image contrast. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained by inverse Contourlet transform. We compare this approach with other contrast enhancement methods, result showing that our method has a better effect than other enhancement methods, which might be helpful for clinical diagnostics of microcirculation.展开更多
The article presents a population balance model by mass developed for studying char gasification by steam occuring in a fluidized bed. The model has been validated by comparison with existing theoretical and experimen...The article presents a population balance model by mass developed for studying char gasification by steam occuring in a fluidized bed. The model has been validated by comparison with existing theoretical and experimental cases. Its main goal is to have a better understanding on particles size distribution behaviour during operation of the fluidized bed, and in particular to be applied on the case of Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized Beds for char gasification. Results have shown that the initial properties of the fluidized bed particles （bed and size distribution） are almost not involved in the steady state obtained in continous operation, which is excusively dependent on the properties of the fed particles flow rate and size distribution, the withdrawal flow rate and the reaction properties. Morevoer, it has been proven that the steady state fluidized bed mass and size distribution may be theroretically controlled by an adequate choice of feeding and withdrawal flow rates.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019YJS181)。
文摘Aiming at the problem of large AC copper loss caused by skin effects and proximity effects,and low efficiency at high speed of the hairpin-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)for electric vehicles(EVs),this paper firstly established the electromagnetic analytical model of the hairpin winding to calculate AC resistance.And the finite element model(FEM)of the hairpin-winding driving motor is established to calculate the AC characteristic of the hairpin winding at different speeds and temperatures.Then,combining modified particle swarm optimization(MPSO)and FEM,a 60 k W hairpin-winding PMSM is optimized under driving cycle conditions,and the electromagnetic performance and heat dissipation performance are compared with that of the traditional strand-winding motor.Finally,a prototype is made and an experimental platform is built to test the efficiency Map and temperature rise of the hairpin-winding motor over the whole speed range and verify the accuracy of the proposed optimization design method.The results show that the hairpin-winding PMSM not only has higher slot filling rate,high?efficiency range and power density,but also has better heat dissipation performance,which is suitable for application in the field of electric vehicles.
基金Dedicated Research Fund for Public Interest from the Ministry of Science and Technology (2001DIB20104) "Relationship Between Subtropical Monsoon Circulation and Summer Precipitation in Shandong", a key science project for 2002 in the Shandong province.
文摘Using the monthly mean reanalysis data of height, wind and vertical velocity of NCEP/NCAR from 1958 to 2003, the characteristics of 500hPa height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, convergence and divergence on the levels of 200hPa and 925hPa and vertical stream over the Shandong province were studied and compared with that over North China. The study shows that the teleconnection pattern called East Asia-Pacific pattern (EAP) plays important roles in the summer rainfall of Shandong. Weaker Okhotsk sea high, stronger upward stream over tropical areas and Shandong and northward location of subtropical high and stronger Indian low, are likely to lead to more rain in Shandong province in summer, but there are some flood (drought) years in which these characteristics such as the location and intensity of subtropical high change with the least extent. The difference between Shandong and North China in 500hPa height is that there is a teleconnection pattern called Europe / Asia pattern in North China, while there is a negative East Asia Pattern in Shandong during drought years. There is a teleconnection relation between Shandong summer rainfall and convective activities happening in tropical areas in spring and summer accomplished by the Rossby waves. During the flood years in Shandong, the convective activities happening in tropical India Ocean and tropical west Pacific and Walker circulation are much stronger than that during the drought years, but the convective activities happening in tropical east Pacific are weaker than those during the drought years.
基金National Science Foundation of Chinagrant number:10172043+1 种基金International Science and Technology Cooperation Programgrant number:BZ2008060
文摘Microcirculation images often have uneven illumination and low contrast in the acquisition process, which affect the image reorganization and following process. This paper presents a new method for microcireulatory image illumination correction and contrast enhancement based on the Contourlet transform. Initially, the image illumination model is extracted by Contourlet transform and then uneven illumination is corrected. Next, in order to restrain noise and enhance image contrast, the probability function associated with noise coefficient and edge coefficient is established and applied to all Contourlet coefficients. Then, a nonlinear enhancement function is applied to modified Contourlet coefficient to adaptively enhance image contrast. Finally, the enhanced image is obtained by inverse Contourlet transform. We compare this approach with other contrast enhancement methods, result showing that our method has a better effect than other enhancement methods, which might be helpful for clinical diagnostics of microcirculation.
文摘The article presents a population balance model by mass developed for studying char gasification by steam occuring in a fluidized bed. The model has been validated by comparison with existing theoretical and experimental cases. Its main goal is to have a better understanding on particles size distribution behaviour during operation of the fluidized bed, and in particular to be applied on the case of Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized Beds for char gasification. Results have shown that the initial properties of the fluidized bed particles （bed and size distribution） are almost not involved in the steady state obtained in continous operation, which is excusively dependent on the properties of the fed particles flow rate and size distribution, the withdrawal flow rate and the reaction properties. Morevoer, it has been proven that the steady state fluidized bed mass and size distribution may be theroretically controlled by an adequate choice of feeding and withdrawal flow rates.
