The severe farmland abandonment phenomena in China have tremendously decreased the farmland usage efficiency and caused a series of profound ecological and social outcomes. The complexity of farmland abandonment neces...The severe farmland abandonment phenomena in China have tremendously decreased the farmland usage efficiency and caused a series of profound ecological and social outcomes. The complexity of farmland abandonment necessitates a systematic research on its patterns and impact factors to underpin the dynamics of problem as well as potential solutions. This paper took Wanzhou district in the central part of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example to study the spatial distribution patterns of abandoned farmland at three scales, i.e., town, village, and plot, and analyzed the influence from labor transfer and farmland circulation. We conducted a survey on the distribution patterns of abandoned farmland via questionnaires at town and village scales, together with the modeling and interpretation of high-resolution aerial images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles at plot scale. Our research discloses a strong relationship between the distribution of abandoned farmland and the distance from population center at different scales. At eithertown or village scale, the abandonment proportion was recognized the highest in mid-distance areas and lowest in close-distance areas, and the per capita area of abandoned farmland increased with the distance to downtown or township. At plot scale, abandonment proportion presented exponential growth with the distance to village center, whereas the abandoned farmland was mainly distributed in the areas with distance above 500 m from the village center. Moreover, we noticed that labor transfer and farmland circulation are two important factors that influence farmland abandonment. Labor's outbound transfer distance has a positive linkage with the possibility of farmland abandonment. Finally, it is recommended that development and adoption of corresponding policies on local urbanization and farmland circulation will facilitate to alleviate farmland abandonment.展开更多
Abstract We investigate negacyclic codes over the Galois ring GR（2a,m） of length N = 2kn, where n is odd and k≥0. We first determine the structure of u-constacyclic codes of length n over the finite chain ring GR（...Abstract We investigate negacyclic codes over the Galois ring GR（2a,m） of length N = 2kn, where n is odd and k≥0. We first determine the structure of u-constacyclic codes of length n over the finite chain ring GR（2a, m）[u]/〈u2k ＋ 1〉. Then using a ring isomorphism we obtain the structure of negacyclic codes over GR（2a, m） of length N = 2kn （n odd） and explore the existence of self-dual negacyclic codes over GR（2a, m）. A bound for the homogeneous distance of such negacvclic codes is also given.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371539)Three Gorges Project Committee of the State Council research project: The ecological barrier area of Three Gorges Reservoir ecological benefits monitoring technology and assessment approach (Grant No. 0001792015CB5005)
文摘The severe farmland abandonment phenomena in China have tremendously decreased the farmland usage efficiency and caused a series of profound ecological and social outcomes. The complexity of farmland abandonment necessitates a systematic research on its patterns and impact factors to underpin the dynamics of problem as well as potential solutions. This paper took Wanzhou district in the central part of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example to study the spatial distribution patterns of abandoned farmland at three scales, i.e., town, village, and plot, and analyzed the influence from labor transfer and farmland circulation. We conducted a survey on the distribution patterns of abandoned farmland via questionnaires at town and village scales, together with the modeling and interpretation of high-resolution aerial images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles at plot scale. Our research discloses a strong relationship between the distribution of abandoned farmland and the distance from population center at different scales. At eithertown or village scale, the abandonment proportion was recognized the highest in mid-distance areas and lowest in close-distance areas, and the per capita area of abandoned farmland increased with the distance to downtown or township. At plot scale, abandonment proportion presented exponential growth with the distance to village center, whereas the abandoned farmland was mainly distributed in the areas with distance above 500 m from the village center. Moreover, we noticed that labor transfer and farmland circulation are two important factors that influence farmland abandonment. Labor's outbound transfer distance has a positive linkage with the possibility of farmland abandonment. Finally, it is recommended that development and adoption of corresponding policies on local urbanization and farmland circulation will facilitate to alleviate farmland abandonment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60973125)College Doctoral Funds of China (Grant No. 20080359003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2011HGXJ1079)the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University
文摘Abstract We investigate negacyclic codes over the Galois ring GR（2a,m） of length N = 2kn, where n is odd and k≥0. We first determine the structure of u-constacyclic codes of length n over the finite chain ring GR（2a, m）[u]/〈u2k ＋ 1〉. Then using a ring isomorphism we obtain the structure of negacyclic codes over GR（2a, m） of length N = 2kn （n odd） and explore the existence of self-dual negacyclic codes over GR（2a, m）. A bound for the homogeneous distance of such negacvclic codes is also given.
