前列腺素E_1脂微球载体制剂对早期糖尿病肾病的作用探讨

目的:探讨前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂(Lipo PGE1)对早期糖尿病肾病(DN)的作用。方法:72例早期DN患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组采用常规降糖、控制血压和对症治疗;治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用Lipo PGE120μg+生理盐水100ml静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程均为3wk。观察2组治疗前、后24h尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、尿转铁蛋白(TRF)、尿α1微球蛋白(α1MG)等变化。结果:治疗组治疗后24h UAER、TRF、α1MG较治疗前明显下降(P<0·05),与对照组治疗后比较也明显降低(P<0·05)。结论:Lipo PGE1能明显降低早期DN患者尿微量蛋白,可减轻早期DN患者的肾损害,因而可作为早期DN的治疗方法之一。

“微时代”背景下高校形势与政策教育创新探析

2017年中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)发布的数据显示,高校学生已经成为使用移动互联网的主力军。以微信、微博为代表的"微时代"给高校形势与政策教育带来了新的发展机遇。通过分析论证,文章认为在"微时代"背景下,充分认识"微时代"的特征、创新"微体制"、引领"微头条"、强化"微意识",对于促进形势与政策教育新发展,适应新时代发展理念,引导大学生认识世界和实现自我成长有着重要的现实意义。

Preparation, Characterization and in Vitro Release of Ciprofloxacin Polylactic Acid Microspheres

Aim Ciprofloxacin polylactic acid microspheres (CFX-PLA-MS) were preparedusing solvent evaporation method from a solid-in-oil-in-water emulsion system. Methods Orthogonalexperiment was used to optimize the method of CFX-PLA-MS preparation. Microspheres werecharacterized in terms of morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and in vitro drugrelease. Results The physical state of CFX-PLA-MS was determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) . Microspheres formed were spherical with smoothsurfaces. Drug was enveloped in microspheres without mixing physically with PLA. The averageparticle size was 280.80 ± 0.15 μm, with over 90% of microspheres falling in the range of 250 -390 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was 65.8% ± 0.58% and the drug loading was 34.1% ± 0.51% .In vitro release study revealed a profile of sustained release of Ciprofloxacin from CFX-PLA-MS. Theaccumulated release percentage and half-life (T_(1/2) of Ciprofloxacin microspheres were 84.0% in53.2 h, and 31.9 h, respectively. Higuchi equation was Q= -0.0043 + 0.003 9 t^(1/2), r = 0.9941.Conclusion Ciprofloxacin microspheres have been successfully prepared and sustained release of CFXfrom microspheres is achieved.

Preparation of Sustained-release Silybin Microspheres by Spherical Crystallization Technique

Aim To improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of silybin. Methods Sustained-release silybin microspheres were prepared by the spherical crystallization technique with soliddispersing and release-retarding polymers. A differential scanning calorimeter and an X-ray diffractometer were used to investigate the dispersion state of silybin in the microspheres. The shape, surface morphology, and internal structure of the microspheres were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Characterization of the microspheres, such as average diameter, size distribution and bulk density of the microspheres was investigated. Results The particle size of the microspheres was determined mainly by the agitation speed. The dissolution rate of silybin from microspheres was enhanced by increasing the amount of the dispersing agents, and sustained by the retarding agents. The release rate of microspheres was controlled by adjusting the combination ratio of the dispersing agents to the retarding agents. The resuits of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that silybin was highly dispersed in the microspheres in amorphous state. The release profiles and content did not change after a three-month accelerated stability test at 40 ℃ and 75% relative humidity. Conclusion Sustained-release silybin microspheres with a solid dispersion structure were prepared successfully in one step by a spherical crystallization technique combined with solid dispersion technique. The preparation process is simple, reproducible and inexpensive. The method is efficient for designing sustained-release microspheres with water-insoluble drugs.

Effect of Quercetin on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A2 Activities and its Inhibitory Mechanism Studies in Rat Liver Microsomes

Aim To assess the potential effect of quercetin （QU）, an natural plant estrogen, on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A2 activities in rat liver microsomes; and to identify the magnitude of inhibitory effect and the probable inhibitory mechanism of QU. Methods QU and specific substrate were concurrently incubated, with HPLC detection of the substrate metabolites for data analysis. The magnitude of inhibitory effect of QU on CYP3A2 was compared with those of ketoconazole （Ket） and erythromycin （Ery）. The mechanism of its inhibitory effect on CYP3A2 and CYP2E1 was derived from Lineweaver-Burk plots. Results HPLC methods were in good linear relationship with r〉0.999 1. Relative standard deviations for intra-day and inter-day were〈8.4%. Recovery of each analyte in the concentrations studied was between 91.1% and 107.6 %. QU （up to 8 μmol·L^-1） showed potent induction to CYP1A2 （338.1% of the negative control）while inhibited CYP2E1 （49.2% of the negative control） and CYP3A2 （60.3% of the negative control） activity. The magnitude of inhibitory effect for QU on CYP3A2 was between those for Ket and Ery （Ket〉QU〉Ery）. QU exhibited competitive inhibition of CYP3A2 dextromethorphan N-demethylation reaction and expressed noncompetitive inhibition of CYP2E1 chlorzoxazone-6-hydroxylation reaction. Conclusion HPLC assay has been validated with precision and accuracy. QU is an effective inhibitor of several CYP isoforms. It may cause relevant drug-drug interactions with CYP3A substrates. As a plant flavonoid, QU has potential not only in molecular advantage but also in CYP450 module capability for further application in cancer chemotherapy.

Preparation and Crystal Modification of Ibuprofen-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles

An emulsion-congealing technique is used to prepare solid lipid microparticles （SLM） containing ibuprofen with glyceryl behenate, tripalmitin and beewax as excipients. The difference of the solubility parameters between the excipients and ibuprofen are used to analyze their compatibility. Both the solubility parameter analysis and the experimental results show that glyceryl behenate is the best among the three excipients. The solid particles disperse well in aqueous phase when the drug loading reaches 10% （relative to lipid only）. Glycerides exhibit marked polymorphism and their rapid rates of crystallization accelerate the formation of metastable crystal modification. The metastable crystal modification characterizes high drug loading capacity but less stability. Increasing the content of lipophilic drug in a lipid matrix facilitates the transformation of excipients to more stable polymorphic forms.

Preparation and Properties of Diesel Oil Microemulsified Acid

The microemulsified acid system composed by diesel oil, hydrochloric acid and emulsifier was investi- gated in this paper. The stability of microemulsified acid and the phase behavior of the microemulsified system Were studied. The size distribution and the corrosion inhibition performance were also observed. The results showed that the diesel oil microemulsified acid system possessed small size and good stability under different temperature.The tolerance to CaCl2 reached 80 g·L^-1. Compared with the same concentration hydrochloric acid solution, the corrosion inhibition performance of the diesel oil microemulsified acid system was remarkable.

Preparation and in vitro studies of microencapsulated cells releasing human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2

Objective： To prepare microencapsulated cells releasing human tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinase-2 （TIMP-2）, and investigate their biological characteristics in vitro. Methods： Chinese hamster ovary （CHO） cells were stably transfected with a human TIMP-2 expression vector, encapsulated in barium alginate microcapsules and cultured in vitro. Morphological appearance of the microcapsules was observed under a light microscope. Cell viability was assessed using MTT （3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and reverse zymography were used to confirm the release of biologically active TIMP-2 from the microcapsules. Cryopreservation study of the microencapsulated cells was carried out using dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） as preservative agent. Results： The microcapsules appeared like a sphere with diameter of 300-600 ~tm. The surface of the capsule wall was clearly smooth. The microencapsulated cells survived well and kept proliferating over the 6 weeks observed. No significant difference in TIMP-2 secretion was found between encapsulated and unencapsulated cells. Reverse zymography confirmed the bioactivity of MMP （matrix metalloproteinase） inhibition of TIMP-2. The cryopreservation process did not damage the microcapsule morphology nor the viability of the cells inside. Conclusion： Microencapsulated engineered CHO cells survive at least 6 weeks after preparation in vitro, and secrete bioactive TIMP-2 freely from the microcapsules.

Mechanism of gas-water flow at pore-level in aquifer gas storage

By means of the pore-level simulation, the characteristics of gas-water flow and gas-water distribution during the alternative displacement of gas and water were observed directly from etched-glass micromodel. The results show that gas-water distribution styles are divided into continuous phase type and separate phase type. The water lock exists in pore and throat during the process of gas-water displacement, and it reduces the gas flow-rate and has some effects on the recovery efficiency during the operation of gas storage. According to the experimental results of aquifer gas storage in X area, the differences in available extent among reservoirs are significant, and the availability of pore space is 33% 45%.

miRNA studies in in vitro and in vivo activated hepatic stellate cells

AIM: To understand which and how different miRNAs are implicated in the process of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. METHODS: We used microarrays to examine the differential expression of miRNAs during in vitro activation of primary HSCs (pHSCs). The transcriptome changes upon stable transfection of rno-miR-146a into an HSC cell line were studied using cDNA microarrays. Selected differentially regulated miRNAs were investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction during in vivo HSC activation. The effect of miRNA mimics and inhibitor on the in vitro activation of pHSCs was also evaluated.RESULTS: We found that 16 miRNAs were upregulated and 26 were downregulated significantly in 10-d in vitro activated pHSCs in comparison to quiescent pHSCs. Overexpression of rno-miR-146a was characterized by marked upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, which is implicated in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α activity. Differences in the regulation of selected miRNAs were observed comparing in vitro and in vivo HSC activation. Treatment with miR-26a and 29a mimics, and miR-214 inhibitor during in vitro activation of pHSCs induced significant downregulation of collagen type Ⅰ transcription. CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the different regulation of miRNAs in in vitro and in vivo activated pHSCs. We also showed that miR-26a, 29a and 214 are involved in the regulation of collagen type I mRNA.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury and probiotic agents

Intestinal bacteria play a role in the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAID）-induced small intestinal injury. Agents such as probiotics, able to modi~ the gut ecology, might theoretically be useful in preventing small intestinal damage induced by NSAIDs. The clinical studies available so far do suggest that some probiotic agents can be effective in this respect.

A Novel Method for Producing Hydrogen from a Hydrocarbon Liquid Using Microwave In-liquid Plasma

The in-liquid plasma method is a technology in which plasma of several thousand degrees Kelvin is generated within bubbles in a liquid. The purpose of this study is to enhance the hydrogen production rate from waste oils by using in-liquid plasma. Two types of microwave in-liquid plasma apparatus are adopted for hydrogen production. One is a conventional MW （microwave） oven, the other is a microwave generator with a waveguide to apply the in-liquid plasma steam reforming method in n-dodecane. The produced gas is 58%-90% hydrogen in these methods. The hydrogen production rate is improved by stabilization of the bubble growth. The gas production rate by plasma feeding steam in n-dodecane is 1.4 times higher than that without feeding steam.

Analysis of microseismic activity in rock mass controlled by fault in deep metal mine

Aiming at evaluating the stability of a rock mass near a fault,a microseismic(MS) monitoring system was established in Hongtoushan copper mine.The distribution of displacement and log(/),the relationship between MS activity and the exploitation process,and the stability of the rock mass controlled by a fault were studied.The results obtained from microseismic data showed that MS events were mainly concentrated al the footwall of the fault.When the distance to the fault exceeded 20 m,the rock mass reached a relatively stable state.MS activity is closely related to the mining process.Under the strong disturbance from blasting,the initiation and propagation of cracks is much faster.MS activity belongs in the category of aftershocks after large scale excavation.The displacement and log(C/) obtained from MS events can reflect the difference in physical and mechanical behavior of different areas within the rock mass,which is useful in judging the integrity and degradation of the rock mass.

Microparticle Formation and Crystallization Rate of HMX with Supercritical CO_2 Antisolvent Recrystallization

Microparticle formation and crystallization rate of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX) in acetone solution using supercritical carbon dioxide antisolvent (GAS) recrystallization were studied. Scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared radiation were used to examine particle size, crystallinity and chemical structure. The results show that B-HMX microparticle in different average size (2-9.5um) and with narrow size distribution were obtained by controlling the expansibility, expansion speed, initial concentration and temperature during recrystallization of HMX. The formation of nuclei may be a main cause of consumption of solute when the solution is expanded rapidly enough and the equilibrium concentration is lower, in which almost monodisperse microparticle can be obtained.

Design and Fabrication of Novel Dual-Base Negative-Differential-Resistance Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor

Based on planar Si dual-base transistor conception, a novel mesa dual-base heterojunc- tion bipolar transistor ( HBT) is designed and fabricated. Molecule beam extension. selective wet chemical etching, common contact photolithography and metal lift-off technique are adopted in the process. The device has particular and distinct voltage-controlled negative differential resistance (NDR) and photo-controlled NDR. The highest peak-to-vally current rate of the voltage-controlled NDR is larger than 148 and the peak current varies with the increase of collector voltage. The device features high speed and high frequency characteristics derived from HBT and intrinsic bistability and self-latching characteristics due to NDR. A single dual-base HBT can be seen as an integration of NDR device, HBT and photoconductive device. Compared with common HBT.the groove is the key factor producing NDR.

Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Prepared by Electrodeposition in a Modified Simulated Body Fluid

Hydroxyapatite coatings were directly prepared on anodized titanium by electro-deposition method in a modified simulated body fluid.The configuration,structure and bioactivity of the coating were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy(FTIR)techniques.The results demonstrated that pure and homogeneous hydroxyapatite coating can be obtained without any post-treatment.The prepared coating showed good bioactivity in simulated body fluid(SBF).The time required for a fully covered dense hydroxyapatite coatings was 4 days immersion in SBF.

Fabrication and characterization of Ce:YIG thin film

Yttrium iron garnet （YIG） is widely used for microwave ferrite devices, especially for optical isolators. In this paper, ferrite ceramic target using cerium （Ce）-substituted YIG was made using ferric oxide （Fe203）, cerium oxide （CeO2） and yttrium oxide （Y2O3） powders as raw material. Ce： YIG thin films were fabricated by radio frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering. The experimental result showed that the polycrystalline YIG was obtained after sintering at 1 350 ℃ for 6 h, and the polycrystalline Ce： YIG thin films were achieved annealing up to 700 ℃ in the air.

Differential Space Frequency Mapping Schemes and Norm Criterion

This paper proposed four types of differential modulation to map the unitary code into the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal. The time-varying channel model is established and the norm of detection metric is deduced. The norm is the inherent interference of the time-varying channel, so it can be used as criterion to evaluate the performance of the mapping schemes. The simulation results agree with the analytic conclusion.

Application of Selected Natural Antimicrobial Formulations for the Control of Food Pathogens in Fresh-Cut Cauliflower

In recent years, research on biopolymer based-coating containing natural antimicrobial agents is developing significantly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of six formulations containing pre-selected natural antimicrobial compounds against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O 157：H7, Salmonella typhimurium, the total bacteria and total yeasts and molds in cauliflower. Each formulation was subjected to a sensory test in parallel to microbiological analysis and the efficiency during storage at 5 ℃ was evaluated for the two best formulations, based on their ability to eliminate the target microorganisms. Both formulations were able to reduce all pathogens and total flora below detectable levels after 24 h of storage at 5 ℃. Using washing or spraying treatments, the two formulations were able to reduce Listeria to undetectable levels for 3 d. This efficiency was extended to 7 d when the formulations were incorporated into an edible coating. Washing treatment with the two formulations was also able to limit the growth of yeast and molds at levels lower than 2 log, for more than 7 d. The population of E. coli was reduced to below the detection limit during 14 d of storage, after washing treatment with the two formulations. The spraying treatment of cauliflower with the formulations allowed the use of very small amounts of antimicrobials while maintaining a fairly good efficiency, greatly reducing the potential costs of implementing this method in the industry. Future research may focus on development of nanoemulsion of antimicrobial formulations based on the developed antimicrobial formulations in this study to improve the better coating efficiency.

Rehabilitation Soils with Date Palm Mulching Treatments

Kuwait is located in hyper arid desert environment. This geographical location and irrational human activities accelerate the expansion of land degradation problem. In order to rehabilitate the degraded areas it is necessary to use soil and water resources in sustainable manner. Owing to these reasons it is essential to use appropriate methods based on the scientific diagnostics of the problem. It is compulsory to identify, specify and test different efficient, cost-effective and environment friendly sound sustainable sand control measures such as, semi-circular bunds, square micro catchment and checker board palm leaves to rehabilitate degraded lands in Liyah refilled quarries. To evaluate the impact of rehabilitation method through mulching with date palm leaves soil samples were collected （control and rehabilitation sites with square micro catchment） prior to the implementation plan and post completion of the project （three years）. In this study will be highlighted on detail the results of using square micro catchment and with short brief descriptions on other water harvesting techniques. The results showed an improvement of physical soil properties after the application of these techniques. Soil fertility increased through increasing the quantity of fine and very fine sand. The soil moisture at the surface soil increased from 0.085% to 1.62% after the treatment. The untreated soil has high bulk density about 2 g/cm3 and low porosity about 27%. However, after the soil was ploughed and mulched the bulk density decreased to 0.03 g/cm3. And porosity improved 98%. This study conserved the irrigation water through reducing the proportion of soil evaporation, in addition to the creation of optimum condition for plant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using organic mulch date palm leaves with water harvesting techniques on the physical and biological properties of degraded soil in Liyah area.