X100螺旋埋弧焊管焊接HAZ微区组织与性能研究

针对X100螺旋埋弧焊管焊接热影响区(HAZ)的硬化与软化现象,研究了微区组织形态及M-A岛分布对HAZ显微硬度和微冲剪强度的影响规律。研究结果表明,显微硬度在HAZ的粗晶区出现局部升高,而在细晶及混晶区位置出现局部降低现象,显微硬度与微冲剪强度有一定的对应关系,即硬度值偏高的区域剪切强度也偏高;焊接HAZ的粗晶区为粗大粒状贝氏体,而细晶区为准多边形铁素体与多边形铁素体,混晶区组织为粒状贝氏体与铁素体的混合,母材为细小粒状贝氏体。组织中M-A岛含量分布规律为粗晶区—细晶区—混晶区依次减少。影响HAZ微区性能的主因是显微组织形态及其含量,HAZ微区组织中的铁素体使得HAZ软化,而M-A岛使得HAZ硬化,而且含量越多,影响越大。

130 mm铝合金扫描激光填丝焊接头微区组织和性能

针对船用130 mm 5A06铝合金厚壁结构件的扫描激光填丝焊接头,对其焊缝(weld metal, WM)、热影响区(heat affected zone, HAZ)及母材(base metal, BM)的显微组织进行研究,并通过维氏硬度和微型剪切试验研究了接头各区力学性能差异.结果表明,5A06铝合金单激光焊缝以等轴晶为主,填丝焊焊缝以柱状晶为主,HAZ和BM晶粒比WM粗,母材及热影响区为轧制的纤维状组织;由于焊接热循环作用,接头热影响区硬度略高于母材,抗剪强度二者差别不大,单激光焊缝硬度和抗剪强度略高于填丝层.总体而言,焊缝区强度低塑性好,母材及热影响区强度高塑性低.

热处理对MAR-M247焊件微区组织和力学性能的影响

对MAR-M247焊件进行了时效热处理,以光学显微镜和扫描电镜表征热处理前后焊件微观形貌和组织变化;用维氏硬度计测量热处理前后焊件各区域的维氏硬度,并用纳米压痕仪测量热处理前后焊件各区域的纳米硬度和弹性模量.实验结果表明,在时效热处理后,焊件母材区域的γ/γ′共晶相减少,热影响区中最容易产生开裂的晶岛组织完全消失,焊缝区域颗粒碳化物和γ/γ′共晶相变多;热处理前后焊件的维氏硬度在母材区域变化不大,在热影响区和焊缝区域明显减小;相比于原始焊件,时效焊件各区域的纳米硬度和弹性模量虽然均有减小,但是其各区域之间的差异明显降低.

基于钛合金微区真实组织的力学性能数值模拟研究

基于TC11钛合金微区真实组织实现了其微区力学性能的数值模拟。探讨了基于微区组织实现其力学性能模拟的方法及关键步骤,采用金相测试并通过软件处理获取了微区组织形貌,采用纳米压痕测试实验和数值计算获得微区相组成的材料参数,采用Abaqus软件实现了微区拉伸加载过程的有限元数值模拟。结果表明,TC11钛合金不同的相结构具有不同的弹性模量和屈服强度,其中,片层α+β相的弹性模量和屈服强度最小,等轴α相的弹性模量和屈服强度最大,等轴α与片层组织边界处的弹性模量和屈服强度居中。2000N/m均布载荷的拉伸加载条件下,数值计算得到了TC11钛合金微区组织的屈服强度为1020 MPa,抗拉强度为1285 MPa;且在拉伸加载过程中等轴α相先沿x方向变形,随后在片层α+β相的变形协调下发生部分转动变为沿45°方向变形,应力集中和断裂发生在等轴α相和片层α+β相边界位置。

厚板Ti6Al4V合金低真空激光焊接接头组织及力学性能

采用低真空激光焊接技术对40 mm厚Ti6Al4V合金进行焊接,对比分析不同位置的微区组织与力学性能.结果表明,母材由等轴初生α相和β转变组织组成,热影响区组织为α相、残余β相和急冷准稳态的α’马氏体,焊缝熔凝区组织主要包括不同尺寸及分布状态的α’马氏体以及慢冷却速率下形成的α相.焊接接头抗拉强度平均值为988 MPa,断裂位置均位于母材.焊缝上部和中部焊缝区的平均冲击吸收能量为28.8 J,明显优于下部24.8 J.焊缝熔凝区底部区域存在细长状、密集程度较高的α’马氏体会劣化材料冲击韧性.相比之下熔凝区中、上部形成的短粗状、密集程度较低的α’马氏体组织的冲击韧性较高,为Ti6Al4V合金板材的连接及进一步提高接头的力学性能提供了数据支撑及相关理论依据.

铝和Q235镀锌钢搭接GMAW熔-钎焊接头组织分析

本文以AI-5Si焊丝为填充材料，研究了采用GMAW焊实现Q235钢和5A02铝合金熔一钎焊连接的可行性，分析了接头区显微组织和缺陷。结果表明，采用GMAW焊可以实现Q235钢和5A02铝合金的良好连接，并在钢与钎料连接界面处产生了5um左右的金属间化合物层，钢与钎料连接界面处显微硬度可达192．6MPa。当选择工艺参数不当时，在熔一钎焊接头内发现了气孔、未钎透及热裂纹等缺陷，未钎透和热裂纹主要分布在焊接接头根部，焊接接头根部成为钢铝熔－钎焊连接的一个薄弱区。

激光熔覆技术制备的纳米钽-钛合金棒结构特征及生物相容性

目的：运用激光熔覆技术制备新型纳米钽-钛合金棒并研究其结构特征及生物相容性，为临床选用内固定提供依据。方法以纳米级钽粉（Ta，Tantalum）为原料，利用激光熔覆技术制备两侧具有对称纳米钽涂层的新型钛合金棒。SEM观察微观界面结构、测量孔隙直径并分析金相成分。采用MTT细胞毒性试验和ALP活性检测评价新型纳米钽-钛合金对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖和分化性能的影响。结果扫描电镜下观察到试样的Ta涂层表面呈粗糙多孔结构，钽粉颗粒间致密熔融，孔隙直径平均在200--300μm之间，加工过程前后成分一致；成分分析结果显示熔覆过程并未产生新的元素。两组材料皆可明显促进MC3T3-E1细胞增值，但新型纳米钽-钛合金性能更为优异，同时能够促进成骨细胞的骨化，差异具有统计学意义。结论激光熔覆技术可成功实现钽与医用钛合金的冶金结合，并使其拥有良好的表面结构和生物相容性。

Diffusion bonding of Al 7075 and Mg AZ31 alloys:Process parameters, microstructural analysis and mechanical properties

Al 7075 and Mg AZ31 alloys were joined by diffusion bonding method. Joining process was performed in pressure range of 10-35 MPa at temperatures of 430-450 ℃ for 60 min under a vacuum of 13.3 MPa. The microstructure evaluation, phase analysis and distribution of elements at the interface were done using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The pressure of 25 MPa was determined as the optimum pressure in which the minimum amount of plastic deformation takes place at the joint. Different reaction layers containing intermetallic compounds, such as Al12Mg17, Al3Mg2 andα（Al） solid solution, were observed, in interfacial transition zone （ITZ）. Thickness of layers was increased with increasing the operating temperature. According to the results, diffusion of aluminum atoms into magnesium alloy was more and the interface movement towards the Al alloy was observed. The maximum bond strength of 38 MPa was achieved at the temperature of 440 ℃ and pressure of 25 MPa. Fractography studies indicated that the brittle fracture originated from Al3Mg2 phase.

Microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior of selective laser melted Ti−6Al−4V alloy in simulated artificial saliva

Ti−6Al−4V alloy was fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM)to improve its corrosion resistance for implant.The microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),electrochemical test and contact angle test.It can be found that the as-selective laser melted(as-SLMed)Ti−6Al−4V alloys showβcolumnar microstructure in building direction and nearly circular checkerboard microstructure in scanning direction,while the wrought and wrought+HT samples exhibit equiaxed microstructure.The as-SLMed Ti−6Al−4V alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance than the wrought and wrought+HT samples due to hydrophobicity,high grain boundary density and uniform distribution of alloying elements in simulated artificial saliva at 37℃.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of heat affected zone in multi-pass GMA welded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat affected zone(HAZ)in multi-pass gas metal arc(GMA)welded Al Zn Mg Cu alloy plates were investigated,based upon which the mechanical anisotropy and fracture mechanism were analyzed.The microstructure and composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS).X-ray diffractometer(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and selective area electron diffraction(SAED)were used to analyze the phase composition.The distribution of microhardness was identified as gradual transition and tensile strength had a tendency to decrease first and then increase.The distribution of nano-sizedη(MgZn2)particles in theα(Al)matrix and Al2MgCu phase determined the tensile performances along the thickness direction and led to the formation of ductile/brittle composite fracture in the HAZ.The continuous distribution of Al2MgCu phase in the strip intergranular precipitates gave birth to premature cracks and the brittle fracture region.The precipitated particles coarsening also led to the deterioration of mechanical properties.

Effect of precipitate evolution on corrosion behavior of friction stir welded joints of AA2060-T8 alloy

Friction stir welding was used to join two AA2060-T8 plates,and then the effect of precipitate evolution on microstructure and corrosion behavior of the joint was investigated.The evolution of precipitates on the top surface of the joint was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The corrosion behaviors of different regions in the joint were investigated by an electrochemistry method and an alternating salt spray exposure.The corrosion was mainly dependent on the nature of precipitates in each region of the joint.The shoulder affected zone had the worst corrosion resistance as a result of the re-dissolved ofθ′(Al2Cu),T1(Al2CuLi)andδ′(Al3Li)phases,the formation of intergranular precipitates and precipitate-free zones.However,the thermomechanically affected zone had a slightly improved corrosion resistance because it had no intergranular precipitates.The heat affected zone and base metal had the best corrosion resistance.

Microstructure and tensile property of SLM 316L stainless steel manufactured with fine and coarse powder mixtures

Selective laser melting(SLM)technology is the prevailing method of manufacturing components with complex geometries.However,the cost of the additive manufacturing(AM)fine powder is relatively high,which significantly limits the development of the SLM.In this study,the 316L fine powder and coarse powder with a mass ratio of 80:20,70:30 and 60:40 were mixed using a ball milling and the samples with a relative density greater than 97%were prepared by SLM.The results show that the intricate temperature gradients and surface tension gradients in SLM will produce Marangoni flow,forming a typical molten pool morphology,cellular and strip subgrain structures.And as the proportion of coarse powder increases,the scanning track morphology changes from smooth to undulating;the morphology of the molten pool and subgrain structure are weakened.Meanwhile,the unmelted particles appear on the surface of the SLM sample.On the premise of an introducing appropriate amount of large particle size powder(20%),the SLM samples still have good mechanical properties(662 MPa,47%).

Microstructural zones and tensile characteristics of friction stir welded joint of TC4 titanium alloy

TC4 titanium alloy was friction stir welded using a W-Re pin tool,and the defect-free weld was produced with proper welding parameters.The joint consists of stir zone,heat affected zone and base material.The stir zone is characterized by equiaxed dynamically recrystallized α phases and transformed β phases with fine α+β lamellar microstructure.The microstructure of the heat-affected zone is similar to that of the base material,but there is an increase in the volume fraction of β.Transverse tensile strength of the joint is 92% that of the base material,and the joint is fractured in the stir zone and the fracture surface possesses typical plastic fracture characteristics.The stir zone is the weakest part of the joint,through which the tensile characteristics of the TC4 joint can be explained.

Effect of platform temperature on microstructure and corrosion resistance of selective laser melted Al-Mg-Sc alloy plate

The Al-3.40Mg-1.08Sc alloy plates were manufactured by selective laser melting(SLM) at platform temperatures of 35 ℃ and 200 ℃, respectively, and the corrosion performance of them was studied along height direction. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the alloy plate built at platform temperature of 35 ℃ along height direction is basically the same due to a uniform microstructure;While the corrosion resistance of the alloy plate built at platform temperature of 200 ℃ along height direction is different. The evolution of microstructure and the distribution of secondary phases are investigated, and the results show that the Cu-rich phases in alloy play a key role on corrosion performance. At higher platform temperature, the cooling rate is relative slow and a certain degree of in situ ageing leads to the significantly different distribution of Cu-rich phases along grain boundary. Specimens built at the platform temperature of 200 ℃ are inclined to locate at the crossed grain boundary, rather than continuous segregation of Cu-rich phases along grain boundary that is built at platform temperature of 35 ℃. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of Al-3.40Mg-1.08Sc alloy plate manufactured at platform temperature of 200 ℃ is higher, and presents a gradually decreasing trend along height direction.

Microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion performance of selective laser melting Ti/GNPs composite with a porous structure

In this study,nano-graphene reinforced titanium matrix composites(GNPs/Ti)with a honeycomb porous structure were fabricated by selective laser melting(SLM).The effects of graphene on the microstructure,mechanical properties and corrosion performance of the SLM GNPs/Ti were systematically investigated.Results of microstructure characterization show that:1)the density of the SLM GNPs/Ti was improved as compared to that of the SLM Ti;2)abundant TiC particles were formed in the SLM GNPs/Ti.The hardness and compressive strength of the composite increased by 90%(from HV 236 to HV 503)and 14%(from 277 MPa to 316 MPa),respectively,attributed to the uniformly distributed TiC and fine GNPs in the Ti matrix.Electrochemical tests reveal that the corrosion current density of the SLM GNPs/Ti is only 0.328μA/cm^(2),that is about 25%less than that of the SLM Ti.The results indicate that the incorporation of nano-graphene is a potential method to strengthen the Ti by SLM.

高硅铝合金的钎焊性能试验研究

本文针对高硅铝合金的物理性能，分别采用BA188SiMg、纯铜箔、纯锌片作为钎料对其进行炉中钎焊试验，观察分析钎缝的外观成形和金相显微组织。结果表明：高硅铝合金的钎焊性较好，在焊前仔细清除表面氧化膜后，所采用的三种钎料均能与其形成良好的接头；加热温度、保温时间以及钎料厚度对钎缝质量有显著影响。．