Objective:To investigate the ectoparasite communities on Tupaia belangeri (T. belangeri) in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and their potential importance in medical and veterinary science. Methods: Different loca...Objective:To investigate the ectoparasite communities on Tupaia belangeri (T. belangeri) in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and their potential importance in medical and veterinary science. Methods: Different locations in surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan were selected as the investigation spots. T. belangeri were randomly captured with baited mouse cages and then brought to the laboratory for identification according to their body shape, size and color, and measurements such as the lengths of their body, ear and hind feet. Ectoparasites on them were collected and identified to determine the species under microscope after specimens were mounted on slides, with the clearing and drying process completed. The constituent ratio (C), prevalence (P) and average ectoparasite abundance (A) were used to test the prevalence and density of ectoparasites; Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test the differences in the abundance and richness of ectoparasites between female and male hosts; Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ectoparasites and the body parameters of hosts. Results: There was very high species diversity of ectoparasites found on T. belangeri and some species of ectoparasites were reported associated with human diseases. A high proportion (88%) of 107 T. belangeri was found to be infested with ectoparasites. A total of 75 species of ectoparasites on them were collected, including 58 species of chigger mite, 12 species of gamasid mite, 4 species of flea and 1 species of sucking louse. Within this ectoparasite complex, 13 species were previously reported to be vectors of human disease agents. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests showed significant differences between male and female T. belangeri in terms of the abundance and richness of total ectoparasites. However, the species richness and abundance of chigger mites, sucking lice, fleas or gamasid mites presented no significant differences between male and female hosts. Spearman correlation analysis showed that none of correlations were observed between host body parameters with abundance and richness of total ectoparasites, chigger mites, suckinglice, fleas or gamatid mites. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is very high species diversity of ectoparasites on T. belangeri, consisting mainly of communities of sucking lice, fleas, chiggers and gamasid mites.展开更多
In order to improve the parasites experimental teaching quality, Digital Microscope System is used to replace the ordinary optical microscope in the teaching of eggs, imagoes, and tissue slices. The new model of exper...In order to improve the parasites experimental teaching quality, Digital Microscope System is used to replace the ordinary optical microscope in the teaching of eggs, imagoes, and tissue slices. The new model of experimental teaching, integrating modem information technology into the parasite experimental teaching, gives full play to the students＇ learning enthusiasm, initiative and creativity and improves the quality of experimental teaching. And at the same time, it provides a basis for the microbiological and pathological experimental teaching reform.展开更多
It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are joint...It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are jointed by a cuticular structure with which the separated motions can be coupled mechanically and thus be magnified. In this paper, a detailed model is setup to describe the principle of this type of localization using a mechanical coupled structure. The transfer functions and the responses of the model in terms of time and frequency are analyzed to describe the mechanism of its ability of directional hearing. This analytical model provides a method to design the experimental model for the predetermined incident sound pressure, and the analysis of this model shows that this structure have the ability to determine the direction of the incident stimulus.展开更多
Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give ...Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.展开更多
The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and rel...The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and release small molecules that establish communication channels between two kingdoms—this procedure is known as interkingdom signaling.Interkingdom communications are widespread between pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their host plants,with diversified outcomes depending on the specific chemical-triggered signaling pathways.Deciphering the signals or language of this interkingdom communication and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are major current challenges in this field.It is evident that diverse signaling molecules can be produced or derived from bacteria and plants,and researchers have sought to identify these signals and explore the mechanisms of the signaling pathways.The results of such studies will lead to the development of strategies to improve plant disease resistance through controlling interkingdom signals,rather than directly killing the pathogenic bacteria.Also,the identification of signals produced by beneficial bacteria will be useful for agricultural applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of cross-kingdom interactions between plant and bacteria,and how LuxR-family transcription factors in plant associated bacterial quorum sensing system are involved in the interkingdom signaling.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (30460125)
文摘Objective:To investigate the ectoparasite communities on Tupaia belangeri (T. belangeri) in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake and their potential importance in medical and veterinary science. Methods: Different locations in surrounding areas of Erhai Lake in Yunnan were selected as the investigation spots. T. belangeri were randomly captured with baited mouse cages and then brought to the laboratory for identification according to their body shape, size and color, and measurements such as the lengths of their body, ear and hind feet. Ectoparasites on them were collected and identified to determine the species under microscope after specimens were mounted on slides, with the clearing and drying process completed. The constituent ratio (C), prevalence (P) and average ectoparasite abundance (A) were used to test the prevalence and density of ectoparasites; Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to test the differences in the abundance and richness of ectoparasites between female and male hosts; Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between ectoparasites and the body parameters of hosts. Results: There was very high species diversity of ectoparasites found on T. belangeri and some species of ectoparasites were reported associated with human diseases. A high proportion (88%) of 107 T. belangeri was found to be infested with ectoparasites. A total of 75 species of ectoparasites on them were collected, including 58 species of chigger mite, 12 species of gamasid mite, 4 species of flea and 1 species of sucking louse. Within this ectoparasite complex, 13 species were previously reported to be vectors of human disease agents. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-tests showed significant differences between male and female T. belangeri in terms of the abundance and richness of total ectoparasites. However, the species richness and abundance of chigger mites, sucking lice, fleas or gamasid mites presented no significant differences between male and female hosts. Spearman correlation analysis showed that none of correlations were observed between host body parameters with abundance and richness of total ectoparasites, chigger mites, suckinglice, fleas or gamatid mites. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is very high species diversity of ectoparasites on T. belangeri, consisting mainly of communities of sucking lice, fleas, chiggers and gamasid mites.
文摘In order to improve the parasites experimental teaching quality, Digital Microscope System is used to replace the ordinary optical microscope in the teaching of eggs, imagoes, and tissue slices. The new model of experimental teaching, integrating modem information technology into the parasite experimental teaching, gives full play to the students＇ learning enthusiasm, initiative and creativity and improves the quality of experimental teaching. And at the same time, it provides a basis for the microbiological and pathological experimental teaching reform.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China and Science and Technology Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityGrant number:50375094 /E05010705
文摘It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are jointed by a cuticular structure with which the separated motions can be coupled mechanically and thus be magnified. In this paper, a detailed model is setup to describe the principle of this type of localization using a mechanical coupled structure. The transfer functions and the responses of the model in terms of time and frequency are analyzed to describe the mechanism of its ability of directional hearing. This analytical model provides a method to design the experimental model for the predetermined incident sound pressure, and the analysis of this model shows that this structure have the ability to determine the direction of the incident stimulus.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Support Program (2011BAD13B05)
文摘Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2015B150600)National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0100600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370161)
文摘The widespread communications between prokaryotes and eukaryotes via signaling molecules are believed to affect gene expression in both partners.During the communication process,the contacted organisms produce and release small molecules that establish communication channels between two kingdoms—this procedure is known as interkingdom signaling.Interkingdom communications are widespread between pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their host plants,with diversified outcomes depending on the specific chemical-triggered signaling pathways.Deciphering the signals or language of this interkingdom communication and uncovering the underlying mechanisms are major current challenges in this field.It is evident that diverse signaling molecules can be produced or derived from bacteria and plants,and researchers have sought to identify these signals and explore the mechanisms of the signaling pathways.The results of such studies will lead to the development of strategies to improve plant disease resistance through controlling interkingdom signals,rather than directly killing the pathogenic bacteria.Also,the identification of signals produced by beneficial bacteria will be useful for agricultural applications.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of cross-kingdom interactions between plant and bacteria,and how LuxR-family transcription factors in plant associated bacterial quorum sensing system are involved in the interkingdom signaling.
