原子力显微镜用于微尺度材料力学性能表征的研究进展

原子力显微镜(AFM)是纳米科学研究的有力工具。从AFM的原理出发,分析了探针与样品之间作用力的计算过程,介绍了确定悬臂弹性常数的几种方法,并综述了AFM在生物材料、薄膜材料、纳米结构、单分子操作和纳米力学实验中的研究进展。

面向宇航元器件的微尺度材料的可靠性问题及测试评价技术

微型化是宇航元器件技术发展的趋势,因此微尺度材料在元器件领域应用日益广泛。在宇航元器件PCS体系构建中,材料可靠性问题也已成为重点关注项。本文概述了元器件用微尺度材料的几类典型可靠性问题及使用风险,系统阐述了针对微尺度材料的测试评价方法,希望能够从材料技术角度为元器件质量保证技术提供思路。

微纳尺度材料内耗测量系统的设计与实现

提出了一种非接触式的内耗测量方法。通过对碳纤维材料试样进行交变静电激发,在显微系统下记录强迫振动过程的高帧率图像,完成了微纳尺度材料内耗测量系统的设计。实验结果表明该系统能实现低频和高频内耗的非接触式测量,测量频率范围大,系统扩展性强。

金属微成形过程中微尺度效应与相似评估

微尺度效应是金属微成形过程中特有的现象,也是深入研究微成形工艺和微尺度变形规律的瓶颈问题。通过对大量试验结果的分析比较,提出将微尺度效应分为材料本征微尺度效应和工艺条件微尺度效应的新的分类方法;从微成形工艺系统角度出发,分析微尺度效应的动态性和相关性;从本构理论出发,分析产生微尺度效应的原因;在相似性科学的基础上提出了相似精度的概念,作为评估微尺度效应的相似性评价指标,并给出考虑动态性和关联性时的相似精度表述。利用已有的试验数据,举例说明以上评估指标和评估方法的应用,结果表明,所提出的微尺度效应分类具有实际工程意义,应用所提出的评估方法得出的结论与已有试验结果相吻合。这些关于微尺度效应的分类和评估方法还可推广应用到其他微系统的评估中。

金属微成形中尺度效应的探讨

微成形研究领域中一些概念和称谓的定义存在理论根据不足或不够清晰的问题,因此重新给出了微成形中微尺度效应的定义.在相似理论的基础上,提出了相似差和相似精度的概念,作为微尺度效应的量化评价指标.提出了微尺度效应的新的分类方法,即将微尺度效应分为材料本征微尺度效应和工艺条件微尺度效应,利用已有的实验数据,举例说明了以上量化方法的应用.最后,分析了对微尺度效应进行分类和量化的工程意义.

金属微成形中微尺度效应新分类及评估分析

微尺度效应是金属微成形过程中特有的现象,也是深入研究微成形工艺和微尺度变形规律的瓶颈问题.文中提出了微尺度效应的新的分类方法,即将微尺度效应分为材料本征微尺度效应和工艺条件微尺度效应,并分析了这种新分类的意义.在相似性理论基础上提出了相似差、相似精度的概念,作为评估微尺度效应的相似性评价指标;在微尺度效应影响因素和微成形系统影响因素的分析中,引入了先验性的粗集权重确定法,提出了后效性的正交权重确定法,从而构建起微尺度效应的评价体系.根据以上分析评估方法,采用已有的实验数据,详细分析了微尺度效应的几个典型问题,结果表明,所提出的微尺度效应分类具有实际工程意义,应用所提出的评估方法得出的结论与已有试验相吻合.

Thermoelastic vibration analysis of micro-scale functionally graded material fluid-conveying pipes in elastic medium

Micro-scale functionally graded material(FGM)pipes conveying fluid have many significant applications in engineering fields.In this work,the thermoelastic vibration of FGM fluid-conveying tubes in elastic medium is studied.Based on modified couple stress theory and Hamilton’s principle,the governing equation and boundary conditions are obtained.The differential quadrature method(DQM)is applied to investigating the thermoelastic vibration of the FGM pipes.The effect of temperature variation,scale effect of the microtubule,micro-fluid effect,material properties,elastic coefficient of elastic medium and outer radius on thermoelastic vibration of the FGM pipes conveying fluid are studied.The results show that in the condition of considering the scale effect and micro-fluid of the microtubule,the critical dimensionless velocity of the system is higher than that of the system which calculated using classical macroscopic model.The results also show that the variations of temperature,material properties,elastic coefficient and outer radius have significant influences on the first-order dimensionless natural frequency.

On the Out-of-Plane Vibration of Rotating Circular Nanoplates

A rotating axisymmetric circular nanoplate is modeled by the Mindlin plate theory.The Mindlin plate theory incorporates the nonlocal scale and strain gradient effects.The shear deformation of the circular nanoplate is considered and the nonlocal strain gradient theory is utilized to derive the governing differential equation of motion that describes the out-of-plane free vibration behaviors of the nanoplate.The differential quadrature method is used to solve the governing equation numerically,and the natural frequencies of the out-of-plane vibration of rotating nanoplates are obtained accordingly.Two kinds of boundary conditions are commonly used in practical engineering,namely the fixed and simply supported constraints,and are considered in numerical examples.The variations of natural frequencies with respect to the thickness to radius ratio,the angular velocity,the nonlocal characteristic scale and the material characteristic scale are analyzed in detail.In particular,the critical angular velocity that measures whether the rotating circular nanoplate is stable or not is obtained numerically.The presented study has reference significance for the dynamic design and control of rotating circular nanostructures in current nano-technologies and nano-devices.

Microscale methods to assemble mammalian cells into tissue-like structures

Different cell types make up tissues and organs hierarchically and communicate within a complex, three-dimensional (3D) en- vironment. The in vitro recapitulation of tissue-like structures is meaningful, not only for fundamental cell biology research, but also for tissue engineering (TE). Currently, TE research adopts either the top-down or bottom-up approach. The top-down approach involves defining the macroscopic tissue features using biomaterial scaffolds and seeding cells into these scaffolds. Conversely, the bottom-up approach aims at crafting small tissue building blocks with precision-engineered structural and functional microscale features, using physical and/or chemical approaches. The bottom-up strategy takes advantage of the repeating structural and functional units that facilitate cell-cell interactions and cultures multiple cells together as a functional unit of tissue. In this review, we focus on currently available microscale methods that can control mammalian cells to assemble into 3D tissue-like structures.

Generalized Aifantis strain gradient plasticity model with internal length scale dependence on grain size,sample size and strain

The internal length scale(ILS)is a dominant parameter in strain gradient plasticity(SGP)theories,which helps to successfully explain the size effect of metals at the microscale.However,the ILS is usually introduced into strain gradient frameworks for dimensional consistency and is model-dependent.Even now,its physical meaning,connection with the microstructure of the material,and dependence on the strain level have not been thoroughly elucidated.In the current work,Aifantis'SGP model is reformulated by incorporating a recently proposed power-law relation for strain-dependent ILS.A further extension of Aifantis'SGP model by including the grain size effect is conducted according to the Hall-Petch formulation,and then the predictions are compared with torsion experiments of thin wires.It is revealed that the ILS depends on the sample size and grain size simultaneously;these dependencies are dominated by the dislocation spacing and can be well described through the strain hardenmg exponent.Furthermore,both the original and generalized Aifantis models provide larger estimated values for the ILS than Fleck-Hutchinson's theory.