最近千年来山东半岛西部气候环境变化的石笋微层厚度记录

ky1石笋采自位于暖温带东亚季风影响下的山东半岛西部开元洞,自顶部到距顶42.769mm处发育有连续沉积的678个微层,均为典型的透光年纹层。在高精度U-230 Th测年结果的基础上,结合年纹层的连续计数,确定第1、678纹层的沉积年代分别为1217AD、1894AD,即ky1石笋上部微层的沉积时间为1217—1894AD,恰好涵盖中世纪暖期后期和小冰期。根据微层厚度及δ18 O比值测试结果,在1217—1894AD的678年中,ky1石笋微层的厚度变化和厚度的波动程度变化均具有显著的阶段性,而且与同期夏季风强度、降水量及其波动程度变化同步。其中,微层厚度与夏季风强度、降水量本身呈负相关,微层厚度高值期对应夏季风微弱—偏干期,而低值期对应夏季风强烈—偏湿期。另一方面,微层厚度与夏季风强度、降水量的波动程度呈正相关,微层厚度高值期对应夏季风强度、降水量的高波动期,而低值期对应夏季风强度、降水量的低波动期。因此,除与气候因子本身变化有关外,开元洞石笋微层厚度变化还与气候的稳定程度有关。在暖温带东亚季风区沿海,小冰期与中世纪暖期的气候差异,除了表现为降水减少、温度降低以外,还表现为气候稳定程度的显著降低。

云南白水台现代内生钙华微层的特征及其古气候重建意义

在云南白水台采集一现代内生钙华样品,该样品形成于1998年5月至2001年11月.切片观察,钙华中可见薄的褐色疏松微层和厚的白色致密微层,且交替出现.结合钙华样品的高分辨率碳氧稳定同位素测试,发现薄的褐色疏松微层(1.5～2.2 mm)在每年的雨季(4～9月)形成,而厚的白色致密微层(5～8 mm)在旱季(10～3月)形成.通过与气象记录的对比,建立起了这些钙华亚年层厚度和稳定同位素特征与气候变化的关系.结果发现:薄的微层及其低δ13C和δ18O值形成于温暖湿润的雨季.在雨季,雨水的稀释作用导致了内生钙华沉积的减慢和低的13C含量,而钙华的低18O值则主要与亚热带季风地区的雨量效应有关.因此,钙华微层厚度,以及δ13C和δ18O的显著降低反映了高的降雨条件,反之,则反映干旱的气候条件.本研究说明钙华可以提供有价值的年际甚至季节尺度的气候变化信息.

石笋微层研究及其气候意义

在分析石笋微层形成机理的基础上,介绍了石笋微层厚度测量的主要方法及影响因素。结合U-Th系定年与显微镜镜下计数,对采自长江中游清江和尚洞的一支正在生长的年轻石笋进行了初步的微层厚度测量,结果显示生长于该地区的石笋非常适合于微层研究,并就石笋微层研究对古气候重建的重要意义及该领域的发展趋势进行了探讨。

高分辨率气候环境变化研究中的石笋微层

在全球变化研究领域 ,高分辨率重建 2 0 0 0年来的气候环境变化是近期工作的主要内容之一。石笋微层由于其沉积界面完整 ,微层明显和组分构造有序 ,从而成为综合研究气候环境变化的理想载体。详细分析了石笋微层灰度和石笋微层厚度的成因、类型和影响因素 ,对石笋微层在高分辨率气候环境变化研究中的应用现状及目前所存在的问题作了简要介绍 。

池沸腾孤立气泡生长过程中微液层蒸发影响的实验和模拟耦合分析

微液层蒸发是沸腾过程中重要的换热机理。本文旨在通过单个气泡池沸腾实验中测得的气泡动态参数探究孤立气泡生长过程中加热表面的换热机理。首先通过沸腾池和加热表面的严格设计实现了单个气泡沸腾。进一步通过对孤立气泡生长时序图像的处理,得到了气泡在一个生长周期内气泡直径、纵横比以及气泡根部基圆半径的变化。对比发现,气泡生长速率与气泡根部基圆半径随时间的变化呈现显著正相关,而与大液层区域的变化相关程度较低,这表明微液层蒸发直接影响气泡体积变化,在孤立气泡沸腾过程中起主导作用。在此基础上进一步建立了加热表面换热过程的数值模型,基于实验中测得的气泡动态参数对气泡底层的微液层厚度进行了预测;通过多次迭代计算并匹配气泡生长速率和加热棒的温度发现,当表面过热度为4.82 K时,气泡底层微液层厚度约为3.43μm,与相关文献中的微液层厚度测量值基本一致,进一步证实了微液层蒸发在孤立气泡沸腾换热过程中的重要性。本研究揭示了孤立气泡池沸腾过程中近壁面处的换热机制,为进一步的孤立气泡沸腾传热过程数值模拟奠定了理论基础。

Effect of Mo and ZrO_(2)nanoparticles addition on interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint

The influence of Mo and ZrO_(2)nanoparticles addition on the interfacial properties and shear strength of Sn58Bi solder joint was investigated.The interfacial microstructures of Sn58Bi/Cu,Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joints were analysed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM)coupled with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)and the X-ray diffraction(XRD).Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)of MoSn_(2)are detected in the Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu solder joint,while SnZr,Zr_(5)Sn_(3),ZrCu and ZrSn_(2)are detected in Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joint.IMC layers for both composite solders comprise of Cu_(6)Sn_(5) and Cu_(3)Sn.The SEM images of these layers were used to measure the IMC layer’s thickness.The average IMC layer’s thickness is 1.4431μm for Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and 0.9112μm for Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joints.Shear strength of the solder joints was investigated via the single shear lap test method.The average maximum load and shear stress of the Sn58Bi+Mo/Cu and Sn58Bi+ZrO_(2)/Cu solder joints are increased by 33%and 69%,respectively,as compared to those of the Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint.By comparing both composite solder joints,the latter prevails better as adding smaller sized ZrO_(2)nanoparticles improves the interfacial properties granting a stronger solder joint.

Review on retrieval of lunar regolith thickness by active and passive microwave measurements

It is one of the important methods to retrieve lunar regolith thickness using active and passive microwave techniques.The retrieval of lunar regolith thickness is based on microwave radiation transfer process simulation in the regolith media.The lunar regolith model is first introduced,and the features of the involved physical parameters are indicated thereafter,such as dielectric constants,surface roughness,particle size and thermal grads of the lunar regolith.The time delay and the migration of the radar echoes from the different interfaces is the key problem for active microwave measurement.And the simulation of the microwave radiative transfer in the regolith media is the important technique for the passive microwave measurement.The important parameters and the physical mechanism for the two measurements are also presented.

Elevated temperature oxidation behavior of HVOF sprayed TiB_2 cermet coating

Oxidation behaviors of Ni(Cr)-TiB2 coating deposited by HVOF technique were studied at 800,900 and 1 000℃in air. The microstructures of as-sprayed and oxidized coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).After oxidation at 800℃,a thin and adherent oxide layer was formed on the surface of the coating.With increasing exposure temperature,the thickness of the oxide layer increased;and at 1 000℃the oxide layer separated from the coating.Investigation of the kinetics of oxidation by using the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)technique shows a parabolic oxidation rate.

Uniform AlF_3 thin layer to improve rate capability of LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3) Mn_(1/3)O_2 material for Li-ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was coated with uniform nano-sized AlF3 layer by chemical precipitation method to improve its rate capability.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),charge-discharge cycling,cyclic voltammetry (CV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Uniform coated layer with a thickness of about 3 nm was observed on the surface of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 particle by TEM.At 0.5C and 2C rates,1.5% (mass fraction) AlF3-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/Li in 2.8-4.3 V versus Li/Li+ after 80 cycles showed less than 3% of capacity fading,while those of the bare one were 16.5% and 45.9%,respectively.At 5C rate,the capacity retention of the coated sample after 50 cycles maintained 91.4% of the initial discharge capacity,while that of the bare one decreased to 52.6%.EIS result showed that a little change of charge transfer resistance of the coated sample resulting from uniform thin AlF3 layer was proposed as the main reason why its rate capability was improved obviously.CV result further indicated a greater reversibility for the electrode processes and better electrochemical performance of AlF3-coated layer.

Effects of sodium tungstate on properties of micro-arc coatings on magnesium alloys

Anodic coatings were prepared by micro-arc oxidation on AZ91HP magnesium alloys in a base solution containing 10 g/L NaOH and 12 g/L phytic acid with addition of 0-8 g/L sodium tungstate.The effects of sodium tungstate on the coating thickness, mass gain,surface morphology and corrosion resistance were studied by eddy current instrument,electronic scales,scanning electron microscope and immersion tester.With the addition of sodium tungstate,the electrolytic conductivity increases and the final voltage decreases.The sodium tungstate has a minor effect on the coating thickness,but lightens the coating color.With increasing sodium tungstate concentration,the size of micropores on the coatings is enlarged and the corrosion resistance of the anodized samples decreases.

Effect of Er ion implantation on the physical and electrical properties of TiN/HfO_2 gate stacks on Si substrate

In this paper, we report the fabrication, electrical and physical characteristics of TiN/HfO2/Si MOS capacitors with erbium （Er） ion implantation. It is demonstrated that the fiat band voltage can be reduced by 0.4 V due to the formation of Er oxide. Moreover, it is observed that the equivalent oxide thickness is thinned down by 0.5 nm because the thickness of interfacial layer is significantly reduced, which is thought to be attributed to the strong binding capability of the implanted Er atoms with oxygen atoms. In addition, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy experiment shows that the HfO2 layer with Er ion implantation is still amorphous after annealing at a high temperature. This Er ion implantation technique has the potential to be implemented as a band edge metal gate solution for NMOS without a capping layer, and may also satisfy the demand of the EOT reduction in 32 nm technology node.