EB-PVD工艺制备Ti/Ti-Al微层板的力学性能与增韧机制研究

为满足金属热防护系统面板材料的轻量化要求,以Ti-Al金属间化合物作为基体,以Ti作为增韧层,利用电子束物理气相沉积技术和双靶沉积方法,制备了Ti/Ti-Al微层板,并利用热压法对材料进行了致密化处理。采用纳米压痕法和常温拉伸试验对材料的力学性能进行了表征,根据断口形貌和结构特征,分析了材料的增韧机制。结果表明:添加金属韧化层使TiAl基合金的室温力学性能有所提高,微层板中的裂纹多次沿着层间界面或层中拐折,表现出良好的断裂延迟特性,其增韧机制则为韧化层的存在导致裂纹发生偏转、微桥接等使裂纹扩展阻力增加。

EB-PVD制备NiCoCrAlY/NiCr微层板的拉伸性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积 (EB -PVD)方法制得NiCoCrAlY/NiCr微层板。研究了NiCoCrAlY/NiCr微层板的室温和高温拉伸性能 ,并采用SEM观察和分析了样件的拉伸断口。结果表明 :由于微层界面的存在 ,微层板表现出良好的高温延迟断裂特性 ,材料的断裂强度在 6 0 0℃时达到最佳 ;随着温度的升高 ,断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂为主逐步过渡到沿晶脆性断裂和部分的韧窝韧性断裂的混合断裂方式。

Ti/TiAl微层板的高温氧化机理研究

对前期采用电子束物理气相沉积法制备的Ti/TiAl微层板进行了高温氧化研究。利用XRD、SEM、EDS对涂层的相结构变化、表面形貌、化学成分进行了实验分析。结果表明,随着温度升高,Al向富Ti区域的扩散越来越快,界面融混现象愈加严重。微层板的高温氧化机制为:Ti原子的不断外扩散使氧化膜中各层的Ti含量都有增加。Al2O3和TiO2分别具有热力学生成优势和动力学生长优势,表面氧化由最初的Al2O3膜逐渐向(TiO2+Al2O3)及TiO2过渡。

EB-PVD制备TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板复合材料氧化性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术制备了TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板复合材料,并对其在850℃空气条件下的抗氧化性能进行了研究,利用XRD和SEM对试样进行相组成和微观结构进行分析。结果表明:TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板具有较好的抗氧化性能,其恒温氧化动力学曲线均近似符合抛物线规律。而TiAl/NiCoCrAl微层板的高温氧化机制为:表层的Al首先氧化生成多孔结构的Al2O3单层膜;随后内部TiAl层中的Ti元素穿越NiCoCrAl层到达表面生成(TiO2+Al2O3)的氧化层;最后NiCoCrAl层中的Ni和Cr会形成以Cr2O3和NiCr2O4相为主的致密的外层氧化膜,这是其抗氧化性能显著提高的根本原因。

Sound absorption performance of acoustic metamaterials composed of double-layer honeycomb structure

The purpose of the research is to assess the sound absorption performance(SAP)of acoustic metamaterials made of double-layer Nomex honeycomb structures in which a micro-orifice corresponds to a honeycomb unit.For this purpose,the influences of structural parameters on the SAP of acoustic metamaterials were investigated by using experimental testing and a validated theoretical model.In addition,the sandwich structure was optimized by the genetic algorithm.The research shows that the panel thickness and micro-orifice diameter mainly affect the second resonant frequency and second peak sound absorption coefficient(SAC)of the structure.The unit cell size is found to influence the first and second resonant frequencies and two peaks of the SAC.An extremely low side-length of the honeycomb core decreases the SAP of the structure for low-frequency noise signals.Additionally,the sandwich structure presents a better SAP when the diameter of micro-orifices on the front micro-perforated panel(MPP)exceeds that of the back MPP.The sandwich structure shows better noise reduction performance after the optimization aiming at the noise frequency outside trains.

Butt joining of Al-Cu bilayer sheet through friction stir welding

Butt joining of Al–Cu bilayer sheet produced by cold roll bonding was studied through friction stir welding (FSW). A defect free joint was obtained. Flow patterns and mixing of two layers during FSW were investigated. Microstructural investigations and hardness profile measurements were carried out. It is shown that material flow in stir zone leads to the formation of banding structure in Cu layer at advancing side. Traces of Al particles along with Al–Cu intermetallic compounds exist in the fined grain region of this banding structure which leads to higher hardness values.

Microstructure and impact mechanical properties of multi-layer and multi-pass TIG welded joints of Al-Zn-Mg alloy plates

The microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-layer multi-pass TIG welded joints of Al-Zn-Mg alloy plates were studied.The phase constituent and microstructure of different regions of the welded joints were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and energy disperse spectrum(EDS),while the mechanical properties were evaluated according to the impact test.A dispersively distributed spherical and needle-likeη(MgZn2)phase was obtained in the welding seam.The phase composition of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)wasα(Al)+η(MgZn2)+Al6Mn,and there were a large number of dispersively precipitated nanoscale particles.The welded joint zone had the highest impact toughness as compared with the other parts of the joint.The MgZn2 phase in the weld zone contributed to the improved toughness of the joint.Al2 MgCu phase in HAZ was proven to act as a crack source during fracture.

Determining areas in an inclined coal seam floor prone to water-inrush by micro-seismic monitoring

The failure depth of the coal seam floor is one important consideration that must be kept in mind when mining is carried out above a confined aquifer.Determining the floor failure depth is the essential precondition for predicting the water-resisting ability of the floor.We have used a high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to overcome the limited amount of data available from field measurements. The failure depth of a coal seam floor,especially an inclined coal seam floor,may be more accurately estimated by monitoring the continuous,dynamic failure of the floor.The monitoring results indicate the failure depth of the coal seam floor near the workface conveyance roadway（the lower crossheading） is deeper and that the failure range is wider here compared to the coal seam floor near the return airway（the upper crossheading）.The results of micro-seismic monitoring show that the dangerous area for water-inrush from the coal seam floor may be identified.This provides an important field measurement that helps ensure safe and highly efficient mining of the inclined coal seam above the confined aquifer at the Taoyuan Coal Mine.

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was measured.These two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the weld.Solid solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both sides.Regions inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in it.While weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest value.Brittle fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.

Analytical Solutions to the Fundamental Frequency of Arbitrary Laminated Plates under Various Boundary Conditions

In recent years, as the composite laminated plates are widely used in engineering practice such as aerospace, marine and building engineering, the vibration problem of the composite laminated plates is becoming more and more important. Frequency, especially the fundamental frequency, has been considered as an important factor in vibration problem. In this paper, a calculation method of the fundamental frequency of arbitrary laminated plates under various boundary conditions is proposed. The vibration differential equation of the laminated plates is established at the beginning of this paper and the frequency formulae of specialty orthotropic laminated plates under various boundary conditions and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated plates with simply-supported edges are investigated. They are proved to be correct. Simple algorithm of the fundamental frequency for multilayer antisymmetric and arbitrary laminated plates under various boundary conditions is studied by a series of typical examples. From the perspective of coupling, when the number of laminated plates layers N〉8-10, some coupling influence on the fundamental frequency can be neglected. It is reasonable to use specialty orthotropic laminated plates with the same thickness but less layers to calculate the corresponding fundamental frequency of laminated plates. Several examples are conducted to prove correctness of this conclusion. At the end of this paper, the influence of the selected number of layers of specialty orthotropic laminates on the fundamental frequency is investigated. The accuracy and complexity are determined by the number of layers. It is necessary to use proper number of layers of special orthotropic laminates with the same thickness to simulate the fundamental frequency in different boundary conditions.

Sound Insulation of Floors： A New Composite with a Resilient Layer of Recycled Polymer

PU （polyurethane） integral skin and PVC （polyvinyl chloride） are polymeric materials which have favorable physical characteristics to reduce the impact noise when applied to floor systems. In civil construction, floating floors systems are composed of two layers above the slab： a resilient layer and, above this, a rigid layer of cement matrix that works as a subfloor. This research aims to evaluate the incorporation of PVC and PU skin waste in the resilient layer of the floating floor, for impact noise insulation. It was conducted physical, mechanical and morphological tests in the composite, as SEM （scanning electron microscopy）, determination of compressive creep, and impact noise test to evaluate the absorption capacity of the floor system over time. Furthermore, experimental results were compared with theoretical studies. These correlations may assist in understanding the behavior of impact noise damping and its relation to the size of the samples.

A novel restricted-flow etching method for glass

This paper presents a novel micro fabrication method based on the laminar characteristics of micro-scale flows. Therein the separator and etchant are alternatively arranged in micro channels to form multiple laminar streams, and the etchant is located at the site where the reaction is supposed to occur. This new micro fabrication process can be used for the high aspect ratio etching inside a microchannel on glass substrates. Furthermore, the topography of microstructure patterned by this method can be controlled by changing the flow parameters of the separator and etchant. Experiments on the effects of flow parameters on the aspect ratio, side wall profile and etching rate were carried out on a glass substrate. The effect of flow rates on the etching rate and the micro topography was analyzed. In addition, experiments with dynamical changes of the flow rate ratio of the separator and etchant showed that the verticality of the side walls of microstructures can be significantly improved. The restricted flowing etching technique not only abates the isotropic effect in the traditional wet etching but also significantly reduces the dependence on expensive photolithographic equipment.