微胞式羽绒填充服的保暖性分析

羽绒因具有轻柔、蓬松和低导热系数的优点而成为轻薄保暖服装的首选填充原料.基于微胞式羽绒填充服的微胞结构,探讨了微胞排列密度、微胞形状、微胞厚度、微胞充绒量对羽绒填充服保暖性的影响.研究结果表明,微胞排列密度对羽绒填充服的保暖性影响为非线性,且条状微胞结构较格状微胞结构羽绒分布离散性小,体积密度小、保暖性好;当充绒量为10g/(30cm×30cm)时,羽绒填充服保暖性能达到最优.

有序多孔膜表面微球图案化

采用水滴模板法制得了高度规整排列的聚苯乙烯多孔膜,用该膜作为模板,实现了微球的图案化。考察了制备工艺中水浴温度对多孔膜孔径的影响以及微球在不同孔径的孔膜上装填效果。发现随着水浴温度升高,多孔膜孔径增加;微球尺寸大小明显影响微球在孔膜上的装填形貌,还发现该装填过程是个物理过程,可应用于不同材质的微球装填,具有普适性。这种规整排列微球可望用于制备生物芯片。

举手表决法在基因分类中的应用

根据自然界中相互熟悉程度较高的是一类的特点,提出举手表决法。举手表决法需要的参数较少,且分类之前不需要定义类的个数。通过使用举手表决法进行基因分类时,得到较好的结果,从而反过来证明举手表决法在分类方面具有可行性。

220kV同塔双回双分裂导线防覆冰舞动的研究与设计

笔者从线路设计角度进一步定性分析了单(或双分裂)导线覆冰舞动机理,指出使用现有抑舞装置应注意的问题:单导线(地线)耐张线夹和悬垂线夹的固定导线(地线)结构使固定点附近的单导线(地线)扭转刚度很大,易形成偏心覆冰并诱发舞动,进一步扩散至档内中央;绞制的导线单丝沿线不连续覆冰使单丝应力分布不均,以致导线内部不稳借助风力发生自激震荡。将耐张串高压端直角挂板改为2付内弧U形环,实现环—环连接,使靠近杆塔的单导线能够发生一定角度的轴向扭转;将固定式悬垂线夹和固定式间隔棒夹具分别改为可轴向转动的悬垂线夹和防冰雨型360°回转式线夹,单(或双分裂)导线可绕自身反复发生一定程度的轴向扭转,促使单(或双分裂)导线覆冰均匀,破坏单(或双分裂)导线覆冰舞动的条件。双分裂导线由水平排列改为微斜形排列,改变双分裂导线"索梁"或机翼型水平结构,减少湍流效应,减弱背风侧子导线发生震动、失稳程度,破坏双分裂导线较单导线易舞动的条件;为了满足跳线(串)风偏后对杆塔的安全距离,经放样,线路转角40°以内的外侧跳线均宜加装跳线串支架,其两端设跳线伸缩节。以上"导线松绑"的防舞设计理念已应用于烟台220kV金都输电线路设计中。

Effect of 2,4-D on Microtubule Reorientation in Rice Root Tips

The reorientation of microtubules (MTS) in roots of Oryza sativa L. treated with 2,4_D was studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the control (the roots were not treated with 2,4_D), different distribution patterns of MTS were observed in the different growth zones of root tips. MTS of the cortical cells were randomly aligned in the zone of cell division. They were transversely arranged in the cortical cells of the zone of cell elongation; and obliquely oriented in the root hair zone. After treatment with 2,4_D, MTS displayed distinct changes with reorientation in the cortex of the root tip coupling with the inhibition of root growth. MTS changed their orientation in the cortical cells of the zone of cell division from being randomly oriented to transversely oriented when incubated in 1 mg/L 2,4_D for 1 h. However, they were recovered and became randomly oriented when the roots were treated with 1 mg/L 2,4_D for 24 h. An array of MTS, which was different from that in the control, was observed in the cortical cells of the zone of cell elongation in the roots treated with 1 mg/L 2,4_D for 1 h. After treatment with 10 mg/L 2,4_D for 1 h, the MTS in the cortical cells of the zone of cell division became transversely reorientated, but the pattern of MTS distribution was different from that in the 1_hour treatment of 1 mg/L 2,4_D. MTS were hardly detected in the same type of cells when roots were submerged in 10 mg/L 2,4_D for 24 h. When roots were incubated in 10 mg/L 2,4_D for 1 h, the MTS of the cortical cells in the zone of cell elongation became randomly oriented, and much more randomly when the roots were treated for 24 h.

Droplet Pattern Formation and Translation in New Microfluidic Flow- Focusing Devices

We conducted experiments on specially designed microfluidic chips that generate droplets through a microfluidic ow-focusing approach. The fluid flow in the microfluidic channel produced a shear flow field at low Reynolds numbers. The droplets in the microfluidic system exhibited special droplet pattern formations similar to periodic crystal-like lattices because of the competition between shear forces and surface tension. By adjusting the flow rate ratio of the water （droplet phase） to oil （continuous phase） phases and changing the outlet channel widths, the droplets formed monolayer dispersion to double-layer formation to monolayer squeezing when the outlet channel widths were 250 or 300 μm. We also obtained droplets with monolayer dispersion, three-layer arrangements, double-layer squeezing, and monolayer squeezing when the outlet channel width was 350 μm. The outlet channel width was increased to 400 μm, and four-layer arrangements were observed. We also studied the translation of droplet formation, which resulted in a detailed strategy to control drop size and droplet pattern formation for emulsi cation in microfluidic devices. We expect that our strategy can provide theoretical guidance to synthesize dispersion or polydisperse colloid particles.

Improving the sensitivity of protein microarray by evanescent-field-induced fluorescence

To improve the sensitivity of protein microarray, a prism surface replaces the surface of the common microscope slide.The protein targets arrayed on the surface are hybridized and labelled by fluorescent probes. Evanescent excitation occurs when the convergent laser reaches the surface, and a photomultiplier tube detects the emitted fluorescent signal. A two-dimensional actuator scans the whole surface to achieve planar laser excitation and fluorescence collection. The penetration depth of the evanescent field into the protein targets is only some hundred nanometers and can be controlled by different incident angle of the laser beam, so the undesired background signals are reduced dramatically and the detection sensitivity is improved by a factor of 50 to 100 comparing to confocal excitation. This approach can detect low abundance analytes without signal amplification.

Thermal conductivity of PVDF/PANI-nanofiber composite membrane aligned in an electric field

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer with excellent thermal stability,electrochemical stability and corrosion resistance, which has been widely studied and applied in industrial nonmetallic heat exchanger and piezoelectric-film sensor. In this study, polyaniline(PANI) nanofibers were synthesized using dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as the surfactant. The obtained PANI nanofibers were blended in PVDF matrix to enhance thermal conductivity and tensile strength of composite materials. Electric field was applied for the orientation of membrane structure during membrane formation. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) images exhibited that the PANI nanofibers were well-dispersed in the composite membranes. The structure of composite membranes was more orderly after alignment. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) indicated that the content of PANI nanofibers contributed to the transformation of PVDF from α-phase to β-phase. Both the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of composite membranes were significantly improved. This tendency was further enhanced by the application of electric field. The maximum tensile strength was obtained when the content of PANI nanofibers was 3 wt%, which was 46.44% higher than that of pure PVDF membrane. The maximum thermal conductivity of composite membranes after alignment was 84.5% greater than that of pure PVDF membrane when the content of PANI nanofibers was 50 wt%. The composite membrane is a promising new potential material in heat transfer field and the mechanism explored in this study would be informative for further development of similar thermal conductive polymeric materials.

Formalization of Fault Analysis and a New Approach of Fault Detection

Substitution permutation network (SPN) is one important structure of block cipher cryptosystems. Prior work has shown different fault analyses on SPN. The formalization of fault analysis of both attack and protect on SPN have been given. The overhead and time tolerance of fault detection have been discussed. The pseudo-blinding method to detect fault attack is introduced, and the balance of the security, overhead and time tolerance based on the evaluation could be made.

Mechanical properties and microscopic failure process of exemplary argillaceous interlayer from east China

The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of selected argillaceous interlayer and their strength characteristics.To study the mineral composition of argillaceous interlayers,8 kinds of samples in the southern Jiangsu region of China were analyzed utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD).The repeated direct shear strength tests(RDST)were carried out on the undisturbed specimens of the argillaceous interlayer.The results show that the argillaceous interlayer with high content of kaolinite shows ductile failure mode,which means that there is no obvious residual strength in the shear process.The arrangement of mineral particles on the shear surface of the specimens after different shear displacements was observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM).It was observed that mineral particles on the shear surface showed a more directional arrangement with the increase of shear displacement.Furthermore,the influence of shear direction on the argillaceous interlayer with completely oriented mineral particles was studied through numerical experiments with four shear strength mechanisms proposition proposed.The influence of the mineral arrangement on the action occasion and magnitude of dilatancy component of shear strength is clarified in the shear mechanism.

Time Series of Combustion Characteristics and Particulate Emission during Combustion of Thai Lignite in a Fixed Bed

The combustion characteristics and particulate emission during combustion of Thai lignite with 30% of secondary air to total air （SA：TA） in a fixed bed combustor have been investigated in real-time. The results have shown that particle formation is governed by competing reaction between the formation of the nucleated sized-particles （Dp 〈 0.1μm） and the coagulated particle （Dp 0.1-1 μm）. Temperature and burning rate are the highest priority factors to control the emission of particulate. Furthermore, the co-firing of coal/rice husks at 60：40% mass fraction with 10%SA：TA could be the alternative options to further reduction of particulate and to be recommended.

Gene expression profiles of the developing human retina

Retina is a multilayer and highly specialized tissue important in converting light into neural signals. In humans, the critical period for the formation of complex multiplayer structure takes place during embryogenesis be- tween 12 and 28 weeks. The morphologic changes during retinal development in humans have been studied but little is known about the molecular events essential for the formation of the retina. To gain further insights into this process, cDNA microarrays containing 16361 human gene probes were used to measure the gene expression levels in retinas. Of the 16361 genes, 68.7%, 71.4% and 69.7% showed positive hybridiza- tion with cDNAs made from 12—16 week fetal, 22—26 week fetal and adult retinas. A total of 814 genes showed a mini- mum of 3-fold changes between the lowest and highest ex- pression levels among three time points and among them, 106 genes had expression levels with the hybridization intensity above 100 at one or more time points. The clustering analysis suggested that the majority of differentially expressed genes were down-regulated during the retinal development. The differentially expressed genes were further classified accord- ing to functions of known genes, and were ranked in de- creasing order according to frequency: development, differ- entiation, signal transduction, protein synthesis and transla- tion, metabolism, DNA binding and transcription, DNA syn- thesis-repair-recombination, immuno-response, ion channel- transport, cell receptor, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, pro-oncogene, stress and apoptosis related genes. Among these 106 differen- tially expressed genes, 60 are already present in NEI retina cDNA or EST Databank but the remaining 46 genes are ab- sent and thus identified as “function unknown”. To validate gene expression data from the microarray, real-time RT-PCR was performed for 46 “function unknown” genes and 6 known retina specific expression genes, and β-actin was used as internal control. Twenty-seven of these genes showed very similar expression profiles between the microarray and real-time RT-PCR data. In situ hybridization revealed both expression level and cellular distribution of NNAT in retina. Finally, the chromosomal locations of 106 differentially ex- pressed genes were also searched and one of these genes is associated with autosomal dominant cone or cone-rod dys- trophy. The data from present study provide insights into understanding genetic programs during human retinal de- velopment and help identify additional retinal disease genes.

CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW CLASS OF ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS

By using the generalized Hadamard product, difference matrix and projection matrices, we present a class of orthogonal projection matrices and related orthogonal arrays of strength two. A new class of orthogonal arrays are constructed.

Non-Monomial Permutations with Differential Uniformity Six

In this paper, a family of non-monomial permutations over the finite field F2n with differential uniformity at most 6 is proposed, where n is a positive integer. The algebraic degree of these functions is also determined.

Unidirectionally aligned diphenylalanine nanotube/ microtube arrays with excellent supercapacitive performance

High-temperature （150-220 ℃） growth leads to the formation of some peptide nanotube/microtube （NT/MT） arrays but the NTs/MTs exhibit closed ends, irreversible phase modification and eliminations of piezoelectric and hydrophilic properties. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of unidirectionally aligned and stable diphenylalanine NT/MT arrays with centimeter scale area at room temperature by utilizing an external electric field. The interactions between the applied electric field and dipolar electric field on the NTs and surface positive charges are responsible for the formation. The unidirectionally aligned MT array exhibits a supercapacitance of 1,000 μF·cm^-2 at a scanning rate of 50 mV·s^-1; this is much larger than the values reported previously in peptide NT/MT arrays.

WIDE SENSE STABILITY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF ARBITRARY DIMENSION

It is shown how the extended Routh array (ERA), which naturally extends the Routh array to the complex case, can handle the appearance of vanishing leading array elements, and how after minor modifications it can be used to test the stability in the wide sense of systems of differential equations with complex coefficients and of arbitrary dimension. The recent result advanced for the asymptotic or strict sense stability of such systems falls out as a special case.