Single event transient of a real p-n junction in a 0.18μm bulk process is studied by 3D TCAD simulation. The impact of voltage, temperature, substrate concentration, and LET on SET is studied. Our simulation results ...Single event transient of a real p-n junction in a 0.18μm bulk process is studied by 3D TCAD simulation. The impact of voltage, temperature, substrate concentration, and LET on SET is studied. Our simulation results demonstrate that biases in the range 1.62 to 1.98V influence DSET current shape greatly and total collected charge weakly. Peak current and charge collection within 2ns decreases as temperature increases,and temperature has a stronger influence on SET currents than on total charge. Typical variation of substrate concentration in modern VDSM processes has a negligible effect on SEEs. Both peak current and total collection charge increases as LET increases.展开更多
Pyrenoids found in green algae Order Ulvales have taxonomical significance.Their morphology,microstructure,and the location and number in the cells have been widely used as identification criteria. As these traits can...Pyrenoids found in green algae Order Ulvales have taxonomical significance.Their morphology,microstructure,and the location and number in the cells have been widely used as identification criteria. As these traits can be affected by environmental conditions,it is necessary to look for other different characteristics.Here pyrenoids in several algae species collected along the Qingdao coast were studied for such purpose. The morphology and distribution of pyrenoids in the cells,as well as their change in different parts of the frond and at different times were studied with light microscope.The results are as follows.Pyrenoids appeared to be spherical or oval in observed Ulvales'algae cells.They were embedded in chloroplasts with the number of 1-3 per cell on average.The number of pyrenoids for Ulva pertusa could change drastically with continuing culture and could reach up to 10-20 per cell in late-growth stages.Generally, the pyrenoids in the marginal part were more observable than those in the central part for Ulva pertusa. In addition, the basal part of frond had more distinct pyrenoids with an average diameter of 2.42 μm for Enteromorpha linza. For some species the pyrenoids were difficult to be observed while dark treatment made them more distinguishable.The apoptosis rate of pyrenoids in different species varied under continuing dark treatment, which could be used to identify different species. Pyrenoids disappeared faster in E. linza than those in E.intestinalis.展开更多
The lignite samples collected from Giral lignite field of Barmer basin have been subjected to petrological investigation. The data generated has been discussed to understand the evolution of the paleomires of these li...The lignite samples collected from Giral lignite field of Barmer basin have been subjected to petrological investigation. The data generated has been discussed to understand the evolution of the paleomires of these lignites. The present study reveals that these low rank C coals are chiefly composed of huminite group macerals, mainly telohuminite and detrohuminite, while liptinite and inertinite group macerals occur in subordinate amounts. Not much variation in the maceral composition from Seam-I to Seam-VIII has been observed. Barmer lignites are characterized by a very high GI （〉10） and moderate TPI indicating topogenous mire in the basin which was permanently flooded. The GI and TPI values and the petrography-based facies critical models indicate that these lignites originated mostly under wet forest swamp to clastic marsh having telmatic to limno-telmatic conditions with a moderate rate of subsidence and a very slow fall in ground water table. Further, the GWI and VI values are suggestive of mesotrophic to rheotrophic hydrological conditions having the dominance of herbaceous to marginal aquatic vegetation. There were spells of periodic drowning of peat especially during the formation of Seam-VII. Moderately high concentration of calcium in these lignites along with the presence of framboidal pyrite indicate enhanced sulphate-reducing bacterial activity present in carbonate and sulphate-rich waters in the basin during peat formation.展开更多
文摘Single event transient of a real p-n junction in a 0.18μm bulk process is studied by 3D TCAD simulation. The impact of voltage, temperature, substrate concentration, and LET on SET is studied. Our simulation results demonstrate that biases in the range 1.62 to 1.98V influence DSET current shape greatly and total collected charge weakly. Peak current and charge collection within 2ns decreases as temperature increases,and temperature has a stronger influence on SET currents than on total charge. Typical variation of substrate concentration in modern VDSM processes has a negligible effect on SEEs. Both peak current and total collection charge increases as LET increases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40876081 and 30570125)
文摘Pyrenoids found in green algae Order Ulvales have taxonomical significance.Their morphology,microstructure,and the location and number in the cells have been widely used as identification criteria. As these traits can be affected by environmental conditions,it is necessary to look for other different characteristics.Here pyrenoids in several algae species collected along the Qingdao coast were studied for such purpose. The morphology and distribution of pyrenoids in the cells,as well as their change in different parts of the frond and at different times were studied with light microscope.The results are as follows.Pyrenoids appeared to be spherical or oval in observed Ulvales'algae cells.They were embedded in chloroplasts with the number of 1-3 per cell on average.The number of pyrenoids for Ulva pertusa could change drastically with continuing culture and could reach up to 10-20 per cell in late-growth stages.Generally, the pyrenoids in the marginal part were more observable than those in the central part for Ulva pertusa. In addition, the basal part of frond had more distinct pyrenoids with an average diameter of 2.42 μm for Enteromorpha linza. For some species the pyrenoids were difficult to be observed while dark treatment made them more distinguishable.The apoptosis rate of pyrenoids in different species varied under continuing dark treatment, which could be used to identify different species. Pyrenoids disappeared faster in E. linza than those in E.intestinalis.
文摘The lignite samples collected from Giral lignite field of Barmer basin have been subjected to petrological investigation. The data generated has been discussed to understand the evolution of the paleomires of these lignites. The present study reveals that these low rank C coals are chiefly composed of huminite group macerals, mainly telohuminite and detrohuminite, while liptinite and inertinite group macerals occur in subordinate amounts. Not much variation in the maceral composition from Seam-I to Seam-VIII has been observed. Barmer lignites are characterized by a very high GI （〉10） and moderate TPI indicating topogenous mire in the basin which was permanently flooded. The GI and TPI values and the petrography-based facies critical models indicate that these lignites originated mostly under wet forest swamp to clastic marsh having telmatic to limno-telmatic conditions with a moderate rate of subsidence and a very slow fall in ground water table. Further, the GWI and VI values are suggestive of mesotrophic to rheotrophic hydrological conditions having the dominance of herbaceous to marginal aquatic vegetation. There were spells of periodic drowning of peat especially during the formation of Seam-VII. Moderately high concentration of calcium in these lignites along with the presence of framboidal pyrite indicate enhanced sulphate-reducing bacterial activity present in carbonate and sulphate-rich waters in the basin during peat formation.
