压配型髋臼假体置换后骨性髋臼的微有限元分析

目的探讨压配型髋臼假体置换术后骨性髋臼皮质骨和松质骨的骨小梁应力分布模式及松质骨是否参与承载负荷。方法应用显微CT扫描骨性髋臼的骨小梁,建立骨性髋臼的三维微有限元模型。计算压配型髋臼假体置换后骨性髋臼骨小梁的应力和应变,分析骨性髋臼骨小梁应力、应变的生物力学特征。结果当压配型金属髋臼假体植入髋臼后,骨性髋臼外表面的最高应力区位于耻骨区,最高应力为1.389 MPa。在臼顶区,高应力区的面积最大。在骨性髋臼内部的松质骨,高应力区主要分布在臼顶区,分布区域相对较广。当施加1.372 k N载荷后,骨性髋臼外表面面积较大高应力区位于臼顶区域和耻骨区域,臼顶区的最高拉应力为0.604 MPa,耻骨区骨小梁出现微损伤。在骨性髋臼内部的松质骨,面积较大高应力区主要分布在臼顶区和耻骨区。结论高应力区沿着骨性髋臼外表面呈现3点式环形分布,集中分布于耻骨区、坐骨区、臼顶区;髋臼内部松质骨骨小梁通过形变导致应力分布更加均匀。髋臼松质骨具有承受载荷功能。

基于多微凸体有限元分析的超弹TiNi合金磨损机制

对三种不同超弹性的TiNi合金及20MnV钢表面多微凸体在法向载荷作用下的模型进行了有限元分析,并对超弹TiNi合金的磨损机制进行了探讨。结果表明,由于TiNi合金具有较高的最大弹性变形量,在相同载荷下,表面上参加接触的微凸体数目随着超弹性的增加而增多,产生的弹性接触面积及最大Mises弹性应变要明显大于20MnV;塑性接触面积及最大Mises塑性应变相对减小。弹性变形能力的增强和塑性应变的减小可以使TiNi合金缓解外部的冲击并能够在磨损过程中抵抗较多的循环载荷,从而表现出良好的耐磨性。

骨质疏松患者股骨头不同区域骨结构与生物力学分析

目的探讨老年股骨颈骨折病人的股骨头样本各个区域的结构和生物力学性能差异,研究不同区域显微结构和生物力学特征及其对内固定物的影响。方法收集20个老年股骨颈骨折病人关节置换术后股骨头标本,以股骨头表面解剖标志点为参照,将股骨头按平分方法分为外侧、内侧、中间三部分。确定环钻的位置和钻取方向,用环钻于不同区域钻取直径10 mm、高10 mm圆柱形松质骨柱。通过Micro-CT系统扫描分析,分析不同区域内松质骨柱数据,包括骨体积分数(BVF)、骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)、骨表面积体积比(BS/BV)、结构模型指数(SMI)。应用微有限元计算不同区域骨组织的力学差异。结果老年股骨头颈内骨质含量下降,显微结构和生物力学性能区域变化明显,中间区域的骨结构和力学性能明显优于内侧和外侧。结论股骨头中间部位骨骼结构和力学强度明显优于内侧和外侧,在临床治疗骨质疏松股骨颈骨折的时候需要充分考虑内固定的部位。

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites produced by corrugated and flat rolling

Ti/Cu/Ti laminated composites were fabricated by corrugated rolling(CR) and flat rolling(FR) method.Microstructure and mechanical properties of CR and FR laminated composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, numerical simulation methods, peel and tensile examinations. The effect of CR and FR was comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the CR and FR laminated composites exhibited different effective plastic strain distributions of the Ti layer and Cu layer at the interface. The recrystallization texture, prismatic texture and pyramidal texture were developed in the Ti layer by CR, while the R-Goss texture and shear texture were developed in the Cu layer by CR. The typical deformation texture components were developed in the Ti layer and Cu layer of FR laminated composites. The CR laminated composites had higher bond strength, tensile strength and ductility.

Finite element analysis of stress-strain localization and distribution in Al-4.5Cu-2Mg alloy

Finite element analysis has been carried out to understand the effect of various processing routes and condition on the microscale deformation behavior of Al–4.5 Cu–2 Mg alloy. The alloy has been developed through four different routes and condition, i.e. conventional gravity casting with and without refiner, rheocasting and SIMA process. The optical microstructures of the alloy have been used to develop representative volume elements（RVEs）. Two different boundary conditions have been employed to simulate the deformation behavior of the alloy under uniaxial loading. Finally, the simulated stress-strain behavior of the alloy is compared with the experimental result. It is found that the microstructural morphology has a significant impact on stress and strain distribution and load carrying capacity. The eutectic phase always carries a higher load than the α（Al） phase. The globular α（Al） grains with thinner and uniformly distributed eutectic network provide a better stress and strain distribution. Owing to this, SIMA processed alloy has better stress and strain distribution than other processes. Finally, the simulated yield strength of the alloy is verified by experiment and they have great agreement.

Effect of CuO and SnO_(2) particle size on hot extrusion deformation of AgCuOSnO_(2):Finite element simulation and experimental study

The finite element model is established according to the experimental results,and then the experimental results are verified by simulation calculation.In terms of the combination of finite element analysis and experiment,the effect of particle size of CuO and SnO_(2) on the stress,strain and microstructure of AgCuOSnO_(2) composite during hot extrusion was studied.The results illustrate that with the decrease of particle size,the dispersion of the second phase increases gradually,while the possibility of“tail shrinkage”of the billet decreases continuously;cubic CuO will evolve to fibrosis,and the degree of fibrosis will increase with the decrease of the particle size and ring clusters.Specifically,the degree of fibrosis at the middle end of the billet is higher than that at the front end,the degree of fibrosis at the front end is higher than that at the back end,and the degree of fibrosis on the surface is higher than that in the core;part of CuO fibers will bend,and the degree of buckling strength is positively correlated with the size of particles and their annular clusters.Additionally,there is fiber CuO in the front and back end of the billet that are inconsistent with the extrusion direction,and the degree of difference was negatively correlated with the particle size.

Simulation and Design Optimization of Novel Microelectromechanical Digital-to-Analog Converter

A microelectromechanical Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) based on Weighted Gap (WG) principle is described,which is analogous to the weighed resistor DAC in electronic circuits.To convert the input of binary voltage to the output of analog displacement,the gaps are proposed to be employed as a scale factor.A finite element method is used to simulate the performance of the DAC.To reduce the error,the structure design is optimized and the maximum error of 0 002μm is obtained.

A Simple,Compact and Rigid Scanning Tunneling Microscope

We present a homebuilt scanning tunneling microscope(STM)which employs an inner-wall polished sapphire guiding tube as a rail for the scanner to form a short tip-sample mechanical loop.The scanner is mounted on a square rod which is housed in the guiding tube and held by a spring strip.The stiff sapphire guiding tube allows the STM body to be made in a simple,compact and rigid form.Also the material of sapphire improves the thermal stability of the STM for its good thermal conductivity.To demonstrate the performance of the STM,high quality atomic-resolution STM images of high oriented pyrolytic graphite were given.

腺苷受体A2A抑制剂ZM241385对骨折愈合生物力学的影响

目的 评估腺苷受体A2A抑制剂ZM241385对骨折愈合生物力学的影响。方法 采用温敏水凝胶聚乙交酯丙交酯(PLGA)-聚乙二醇(PEG)-聚乙交酯丙交酯(PLGA)溶解ZM241385制备缓释系统。取20只大鼠随机分为腺苷受体A2A抑制剂组与对照组,每组10只。制备大鼠股骨干骨折模型,造模时骨折局部应用ZM241385缓释系统,造模后每24 h骨折局部im相应药物,持续7 d。造模后第14、28天对大鼠骨折局部进行micro-CT扫描,测量骨折局部总体积、骨体积、骨痂体积。通过Ansys Workbench 2017软件进行仿真分析,对大鼠骨折局部施加轴向以及旋转应力评估骨折生物力学强度。结果 腺苷受体A2A抑制剂组大鼠造模后14 d总体积、骨体积、骨痂体积均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、0.01)。造模后28 d,腺苷受体A2A抑制剂组大鼠总体积、骨痂体积均超过对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),骨体积无统计学差异。当轴向应力为1、5、10 N或者旋转应力为0.5 N·m时,腺苷受体A2A抑制剂组造模后14、28 d最大应力、最大应变、平均位移均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 腺苷受体A2A抑制剂明显抑制骨愈合,降低骨折局部轴向和旋转的力学强度,腺苷受体A2A可能是发生二次骨折或骨不连的关键受体。

Finite element analysis of micropipette aspiration considering finite size and compressibility of cells

Micropipette aspiration(MA) is widely applied in cell mechanics, however, at small deformations a common model corresponding to the MA is the half-space model wherein the finite cell size and cell compressibility are neglected. This study extends the half-space model by accounting for the influence of cell geometry and compressibility(sphere model). Using a finite element analysis of cell aspiration into a micropipette, an elastic approximation formula of the aspirated length was derived for the sphere model. The approximation formula includes the geometry parameter of the sphere model(ζ = R/a, R is the radius of the cell, and a is the inner radius of the micropipette) and the Poisson's ratio v of the cell. The results indicate that the parameter and Poisson's ratio v markedly affect the aspirated length, particularly for small and v. When ζ→∞ and v→0.5,the approximation formula tends to the analytical solution for the half-space model. In the incompressible case(v = 0.5), within the general experimental range(ζ varying from 2 to 4), the difference between the analytical solution and the approximate one is significant, and is up to 29% of the approximation solution when ζ= 2. Additionally, parametere was introduced to evaluate the error of elastic moduli between the half-space model and sphere model. Based on the approximation formula, the ζ thresholds, beyond which e becomes larger than 10% and 20%, were derived.