According to the heating effect caused by interaction between matters,a series of experiments on the interaction between drugs and cells from human bodies,DNA and physiological saline have been carried out with a MS-8...According to the heating effect caused by interaction between matters,a series of experiments on the interaction between drugs and cells from human bodies,DNA and physiological saline have been carried out with a MS-80 standard Calvet microcalorimeter.The experiments include: (1) Thermokinetic studies of the effect of anticancer drugs [sodium norcantharidate (ASN),the bioac- tire materials (Sp.P and Sp.S) from algae etc.]on the cancer cells [Hela,human breast carcinoma (Bcap-37),human adenocarcinoma gastric cells (SGc-7901 and MCF-7) etc.] and the normal cells from human bodies [diploid fibroblasts from human fetal lung (2BS) etc.] at 310.15 K:(2) Studies of the in- tercalation binding of some alkaloidal drugs with the bioactivity to inhibit monoamine oxidase (harmalinc and harmine etc.) to call thymus DNA in neutral aqueous solution at 298.15 K:(3) Studies of the interaction between long acting drugs (long acting oral contraceptive-norgestrel etc.) and slow- releasing drug (Contac) and aqueous solution of 0.9% NaCI at 310.15 K.All the experimental results have given their characteristic thermograms and the interaction enthalpy changes.On the analysis of all the results,the authors put forward a method on application of microcalorimetric technique for screen- ing and examination of medicines.The principle of application and the experimental operation of this method have been expounded,and some results of the above experiments have been discussed.As one of the methods for screening and examining medicines,the microcalorimctric method has some distin- guished features and advantages over other methods.展开更多
AIM: To develop a simple and convenient method for extracting genomic DNA from intestinal microflora for en- terobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR detection. METHODS: Five methods of extracting bact...AIM: To develop a simple and convenient method for extracting genomic DNA from intestinal microflora for en- terobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR detection. METHODS: Five methods of extracting bacterial DNA, including Tris-EDTA buffer, chelex-100, ultrapure water, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10% Triton-100 with and without sonication, were compared with the commercial fecal DNA extraction kit method, which is considered as the gold standard for DNA extraction. The comparison was based on the yield and purity of DNA and the indexes of the structure and property of micro-organisms that were reflected by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: The yield and purity of DNA obtained by the chelex method was similar to that obtained with the fecal DNA kit. The ERIC-PCR results obtained for the DNA extracted by the chelex method and those obtained for DNA extracted with the fecal DNA kit were basically the same.CONCLUSION: The chelex method is recommended for ERIC-PCR experiments in view of its simplicity and cost- effectiveness; and it is suitable for extracting total DNA from intestinal micro-organisms, particularly for handling a large number of samples.展开更多
It is well known that angiogenesis is critical in the transition from premalignant to malignant lesions.Consequently,early detection and diagnosis based on morphological changes to the microvessels are crucial.In the ...It is well known that angiogenesis is critical in the transition from premalignant to malignant lesions.Consequently,early detection and diagnosis based on morphological changes to the microvessels are crucial.In the last few years,new imaging techniques which utilize the properties of light-tissue interaction have been developed to increase early diagnosis of gastrointestinal(GI) tract neoplasia.We analyzed several "red-flag" endoscopic techniques used to enhance visualization of the vascular pattern of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions(e.g.trimodal imaging including autofluorescence imaging,magnifying endoscopy and narrow band imaging).These new endoscopic techniques provide better visualization of mucosal microsurface structure and microvascular architecture and may enhance the diagnosis and characterization of mucosal lesions in the GI tract.In the near future,it is expected that trimodal imaging endoscopy will be practiced as a standard endoscopy technique as it is quick,safe and accurate for making a precise diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology,with an emphasis on the diagnosis of early GI tract cancers.Further large-scale randomized controlled trials comparing these modalities in different patient subpopulations are warranted before their endorsement in the routine practice of GI endoscopy.展开更多
Micro-structures 3-D profile measurement is an important measurement content for research on micro-machining and characterization of micro-dimension. In this paper,a new method involved 2-D structure template, which g...Micro-structures 3-D profile measurement is an important measurement content for research on micro-machining and characterization of micro-dimension. In this paper,a new method involved 2-D structure template, which guides phase unwrapping,is proposed based on phase-shifting microscopic interferometry.It is fit not only for static measurement, but also for dynamic measurement,especially for motion of MEMS devices.3-D profile of active comb of micro-resonator is obtained by using the method.The theoretic precision in out-of-plane direction is better than 0.5 nm.The in-plane theoretic precision in micro-structures is better than 0.5 μm.But at the edge of micro-structures,it is on the level of micrometer mainly caused by imprecise edge analysis.Finally,its disadvantages and the following development are discussed.展开更多
Culturable thermophilic microorganisms were enriched from samples collected from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents in artificial seawater medium at 45 ℃ and pH 7.0. Microbial diversities of the enriched communities were d...Culturable thermophilic microorganisms were enriched from samples collected from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents in artificial seawater medium at 45 ℃ and pH 7.0. Microbial diversities of the enriched communities were defined by performing a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with enzymes MspI and Hin6 I. A total of 14 phylotypes have been detected by the RFLP patterns identified for 16S rRNA clone libraries of the enrichment. Analysis of sequences showed that at least four bacterial divisions presented in the clones libraries. The phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant groups. The majority of the sequences included in this analysis affiliated with Gamma Proteobacteria (71%) and Bacillus (23%). Scanning electron micrographs revealed that there were abundant rod and coceoidal forms encased in sulphur and sodium chloride precipitate. These results revealed that there were a diversity of moderate thermophilic bacterial populations thrived in Lau Basin hydrothermal vents that were previously not detected by either molecular retrieval or strain purification techniques.展开更多
The formaldehyde (HCHO) measurement is described by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique and the data processing method is discussed in detail, including the selection of retrieval wavelength ...The formaldehyde (HCHO) measurement is described by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique and the data processing method is discussed in detail, including the selection of retrieval wavelength band, the removing of interfering structures, the steps of data processing and the spectrum dealing with nonlinear method. The HCHO concentra- tion retrieved in different wavelength bands were compared, including relative error, repeatability and detection limit. As a result, the band from 314 to 332 nm was most suitable for the retrieval of HCHO. With these methods, high measurement precision of 1.9% was obtained and the detection limit of HCHO is less than 1.5 ppb. In addition, high linear relativity 0.9999 is achieved by measuring five different concentrations of HCHO with this system.展开更多
This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM (scanning electron microscope). In particular, the most useful me...This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM (scanning electron microscope). In particular, the most useful methods related to the different types of mixing are reviewed: complete mixing (blending) or incomplete mixing (mingling). For blending, backscattered electron images and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) are the most accurate methods: an example taken from a sample of ash of the 2007 Stromboli volcano eruption was used. For mingling, the best method is given by X-ray elemental mapping (in particular of Ca and Si), as explained through the example taken from a sample of the 2003 explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano. The aim of this work was to establish whereas would be useful to use backscattered eletron images, EDS, or X-ray elemental mapping techniques, according to the different types of mixing that occur very often in magmatic systems.展开更多
The developmental process of Myeloma cells under a digital optical microscope has been inspected and monitored by using time-lapsed recording technique. Myeloma cells were cultured in medium contained 20% and 50% of F...The developmental process of Myeloma cells under a digital optical microscope has been inspected and monitored by using time-lapsed recording technique. Myeloma cells were cultured in medium contained 20% and 50% of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), respectively. Inspection and monitoring for 6 hours showed the effect of the FBS to mobility, proliferation rate, and development of cell cycle phases of Myeloma cells. Using time-lapsed data, the speed of cells was 3.5-6.0 pm/s when using FBS 20% and increased to 5.0-8.0 p.m/s when using FBS 50%. The rate of cells decreases from 2 cells/hr when using FBS 20% to 1/6 cells/br when using FBS 50%. The cells division process is signified by the change in gray level and it took every 50-70 minutes.展开更多
Microarray technology has been proved to be greatly helpful for biomedical and biological diagnosis. And the evaluation of its biological applications lies in the detection sensitivity, which requires high intensity a...Microarray technology has been proved to be greatly helpful for biomedical and biological diagnosis. And the evaluation of its biological applications lies in the detection sensitivity, which requires high intensity and stability of the signal. Recently, several nanomaterials, especially semiconductor nanomaterials, due to their excellent fluorescence properties, have been widely used to construct microarrays for biosensors. Here, we presented an approach for constructing CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) microarray in microfluidic channels on a glass slide by photolithography. The conditions for immobilizing stable and uniform QD microarray on the glass slide were optimized. Several types of QD microarrays with different emission wavelengths and modified groups were constructed using silanization and lithography technology. Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of Cu2+ on QDs, the microfluidic chip with QD microarray was applied for the determination of Cu2+. 1 nmol/L Cu2+ could be detected by this method.展开更多
Scanning near-field acoustic microscope (SNAM) combines the ultrasonic detection technology with scanning near-field microscopy. The main characteristic of such microscope is that the acoustic wave is produced or de...Scanning near-field acoustic microscope (SNAM) combines the ultrasonic detection technology with scanning near-field microscopy. The main characteristic of such microscope is that the acoustic wave is produced or detected in near-field area whether ultrasonic transducer acts as generator or detector. The resolution of SNAM can reach to nanometer scale. First, two typical SNAMs, scanning electron acoustic Inicroscope and scanning probe acoustic microscope, will be introduced in this paper. The working principle of our homemade SNAM based on a commercial scanning probe microscope will be reported, together with some recent results from this homemade SNAM.展开更多
文摘According to the heating effect caused by interaction between matters,a series of experiments on the interaction between drugs and cells from human bodies,DNA and physiological saline have been carried out with a MS-80 standard Calvet microcalorimeter.The experiments include: (1) Thermokinetic studies of the effect of anticancer drugs [sodium norcantharidate (ASN),the bioac- tire materials (Sp.P and Sp.S) from algae etc.]on the cancer cells [Hela,human breast carcinoma (Bcap-37),human adenocarcinoma gastric cells (SGc-7901 and MCF-7) etc.] and the normal cells from human bodies [diploid fibroblasts from human fetal lung (2BS) etc.] at 310.15 K:(2) Studies of the in- tercalation binding of some alkaloidal drugs with the bioactivity to inhibit monoamine oxidase (harmalinc and harmine etc.) to call thymus DNA in neutral aqueous solution at 298.15 K:(3) Studies of the interaction between long acting drugs (long acting oral contraceptive-norgestrel etc.) and slow- releasing drug (Contac) and aqueous solution of 0.9% NaCI at 310.15 K.All the experimental results have given their characteristic thermograms and the interaction enthalpy changes.On the analysis of all the results,the authors put forward a method on application of microcalorimetric technique for screen- ing and examination of medicines.The principle of application and the experimental operation of this method have been expounded,and some results of the above experiments have been discussed.As one of the methods for screening and examining medicines,the microcalorimctric method has some distin- guished features and advantages over other methods.
基金The National Science Technology Pillar Program, 2007Z06-017Program for New Century Outstanding Talents from Universities, NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818+1 种基金Sichuan Provincial Basic Research Program, 04JY029-006-1/04JY021-100/07JY029-017Program for Key Disciplines Construction of Sichuan Province, SZD0418
文摘AIM: To develop a simple and convenient method for extracting genomic DNA from intestinal microflora for en- terobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR detection. METHODS: Five methods of extracting bacterial DNA, including Tris-EDTA buffer, chelex-100, ultrapure water, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10% Triton-100 with and without sonication, were compared with the commercial fecal DNA extraction kit method, which is considered as the gold standard for DNA extraction. The comparison was based on the yield and purity of DNA and the indexes of the structure and property of micro-organisms that were reflected by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: The yield and purity of DNA obtained by the chelex method was similar to that obtained with the fecal DNA kit. The ERIC-PCR results obtained for the DNA extracted by the chelex method and those obtained for DNA extracted with the fecal DNA kit were basically the same.CONCLUSION: The chelex method is recommended for ERIC-PCR experiments in view of its simplicity and cost- effectiveness; and it is suitable for extracting total DNA from intestinal micro-organisms, particularly for handling a large number of samples.
文摘It is well known that angiogenesis is critical in the transition from premalignant to malignant lesions.Consequently,early detection and diagnosis based on morphological changes to the microvessels are crucial.In the last few years,new imaging techniques which utilize the properties of light-tissue interaction have been developed to increase early diagnosis of gastrointestinal(GI) tract neoplasia.We analyzed several "red-flag" endoscopic techniques used to enhance visualization of the vascular pattern of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions(e.g.trimodal imaging including autofluorescence imaging,magnifying endoscopy and narrow band imaging).These new endoscopic techniques provide better visualization of mucosal microsurface structure and microvascular architecture and may enhance the diagnosis and characterization of mucosal lesions in the GI tract.In the near future,it is expected that trimodal imaging endoscopy will be practiced as a standard endoscopy technique as it is quick,safe and accurate for making a precise diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathology,with an emphasis on the diagnosis of early GI tract cancers.Further large-scale randomized controlled trials comparing these modalities in different patient subpopulations are warranted before their endorsement in the routine practice of GI endoscopy.
基金Supported:Tianjin Important Science and Technology Project(043185911) National High-Technology Research and De-velopment Project (863 project) in China (2004AA404042) .
文摘Micro-structures 3-D profile measurement is an important measurement content for research on micro-machining and characterization of micro-dimension. In this paper,a new method involved 2-D structure template, which guides phase unwrapping,is proposed based on phase-shifting microscopic interferometry.It is fit not only for static measurement, but also for dynamic measurement,especially for motion of MEMS devices.3-D profile of active comb of micro-resonator is obtained by using the method.The theoretic precision in out-of-plane direction is better than 0.5 nm.The in-plane theoretic precision in micro-structures is better than 0.5 μm.But at the edge of micro-structures,it is on the level of micrometer mainly caused by imprecise edge analysis.Finally,its disadvantages and the following development are discussed.
基金Project(200805032) supported by Grands from Scientific Research Program of Marine Public Welfare Industry of ChinaProject (DYXM-115-02-2-07) supported by China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA)
文摘Culturable thermophilic microorganisms were enriched from samples collected from Lau Basin hydrothermal vents in artificial seawater medium at 45 ℃ and pH 7.0. Microbial diversities of the enriched communities were defined by performing a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences with enzymes MspI and Hin6 I. A total of 14 phylotypes have been detected by the RFLP patterns identified for 16S rRNA clone libraries of the enrichment. Analysis of sequences showed that at least four bacterial divisions presented in the clones libraries. The phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant groups. The majority of the sequences included in this analysis affiliated with Gamma Proteobacteria (71%) and Bacillus (23%). Scanning electron micrographs revealed that there were abundant rod and coceoidal forms encased in sulphur and sodium chloride precipitate. These results revealed that there were a diversity of moderate thermophilic bacterial populations thrived in Lau Basin hydrothermal vents that were previously not detected by either molecular retrieval or strain purification techniques.
文摘The formaldehyde (HCHO) measurement is described by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique and the data processing method is discussed in detail, including the selection of retrieval wavelength band, the removing of interfering structures, the steps of data processing and the spectrum dealing with nonlinear method. The HCHO concentra- tion retrieved in different wavelength bands were compared, including relative error, repeatability and detection limit. As a result, the band from 314 to 332 nm was most suitable for the retrieval of HCHO. With these methods, high measurement precision of 1.9% was obtained and the detection limit of HCHO is less than 1.5 ppb. In addition, high linear relativity 0.9999 is achieved by measuring five different concentrations of HCHO with this system.
文摘This review work explains some of the most important techniques to detect the occurrence of magma mixing phenomena in the volcanic rocks by using SEM (scanning electron microscope). In particular, the most useful methods related to the different types of mixing are reviewed: complete mixing (blending) or incomplete mixing (mingling). For blending, backscattered electron images and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) are the most accurate methods: an example taken from a sample of ash of the 2007 Stromboli volcano eruption was used. For mingling, the best method is given by X-ray elemental mapping (in particular of Ca and Si), as explained through the example taken from a sample of the 2003 explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano. The aim of this work was to establish whereas would be useful to use backscattered eletron images, EDS, or X-ray elemental mapping techniques, according to the different types of mixing that occur very often in magmatic systems.
文摘The developmental process of Myeloma cells under a digital optical microscope has been inspected and monitored by using time-lapsed recording technique. Myeloma cells were cultured in medium contained 20% and 50% of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), respectively. Inspection and monitoring for 6 hours showed the effect of the FBS to mobility, proliferation rate, and development of cell cycle phases of Myeloma cells. Using time-lapsed data, the speed of cells was 3.5-6.0 pm/s when using FBS 20% and increased to 5.0-8.0 p.m/s when using FBS 50%. The rate of cells decreases from 2 cells/hr when using FBS 20% to 1/6 cells/br when using FBS 50%. The cells division process is signified by the change in gray level and it took every 50-70 minutes.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB933600)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups (20921062)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21175100)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-10-0656)
文摘Microarray technology has been proved to be greatly helpful for biomedical and biological diagnosis. And the evaluation of its biological applications lies in the detection sensitivity, which requires high intensity and stability of the signal. Recently, several nanomaterials, especially semiconductor nanomaterials, due to their excellent fluorescence properties, have been widely used to construct microarrays for biosensors. Here, we presented an approach for constructing CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) microarray in microfluidic channels on a glass slide by photolithography. The conditions for immobilizing stable and uniform QD microarray on the glass slide were optimized. Several types of QD microarrays with different emission wavelengths and modified groups were constructed using silanization and lithography technology. Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of Cu2+ on QDs, the microfluidic chip with QD microarray was applied for the determination of Cu2+. 1 nmol/L Cu2+ could be detected by this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50971011 and 10874006)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.1102025)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No.20091102110038)
文摘Scanning near-field acoustic microscope (SNAM) combines the ultrasonic detection technology with scanning near-field microscopy. The main characteristic of such microscope is that the acoustic wave is produced or detected in near-field area whether ultrasonic transducer acts as generator or detector. The resolution of SNAM can reach to nanometer scale. First, two typical SNAMs, scanning electron acoustic Inicroscope and scanning probe acoustic microscope, will be introduced in this paper. The working principle of our homemade SNAM based on a commercial scanning probe microscope will be reported, together with some recent results from this homemade SNAM.