不同干燥方式下紫薯全粉的物性品质及花青素含量

采用热风干燥、热泵干燥、真空冷冻干燥和微波辅助真空冷冻干燥4种干燥方式制备紫薯全粉,研究了4种不同干燥方式对紫薯全粉持水力、堆积密度、冻融析水力、微观结构、花青素含量和细胞破损程度等指标的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方式对紫薯全粉的物性品质及花青素含量影响显著(P<0.05)。真空冷冻干燥制备的紫薯全粉花青素含量(24.61 mg/100 g)、持水性(9.45 g/g)、冻融析水力(0.10 g/g)均优于其他3种干燥方式。其次是微波辅助真空冷冻干燥,紫薯全粉的花青素含量、持水性、冻融析水力分别为19.69 mg/100 g、9.00 g/g、0.25 g/g,其紫薯全粉的碘蓝值最小为2.74。热风干燥与热泵干燥制备的紫薯全粉色泽明亮但花青素含量低,所得的花青素含量分别为9.91和11.72 mg/100 g,仅为微波辅助真空冷冻的50%左右。扫描电镜结果表明,真空冷冻干燥与微波辅助真空冷冻干燥的紫薯全粉颗粒完整光滑。微波辅助真空冷冻干燥在制备块茎薯类全粉各方面表现仅次于真空冷冻干燥,研究为微波辅助真空冷冻干燥技术在块茎薯类全粉制备及其他农产品干燥领域的应用提供了参考。

Ice Crystal Sizes and Their Impact on Microwave Assisted Freeze Drying

Freeze drying of an aqueous solution would result in the non-uniform distribution of solute concentration.Because ice is almost transparent to microwave, therefore such a non-uniform distribution may affect the microwave assisted freeze drying. The direct observation of the ice crystals formed under microscope reveals that the ice crystal sizes formed from de-ionized water depend on the cooling rate with fast cooling rate giving smaller ice crystals as expected. Once there is a sufficient amount of solute mixed with the de-ionized water, for example the reactive red,the size and its distribution are not very much dependent on either cooling rate or the final temperature provided there is sufficient time of cooling and the final temperature is not too low. The size of ice crystals formed within the solution of reactive red is usually below 100μm with a freezing rate of 1℃·min-1 for a droplet of the size of less than 1 mm. A simplified simulation indicates that such a small ice crystal would not cause a significant non-uniform distribution of temperature for microwave assisted freeze drying. When the ice crystal size is larger than 5 mm, heat conduction from the solute concentrated region to the ice region may need to be considered.